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mYrfQfn
dljIq isMG, aYzimMtn email: drAkhrA29@hotmail.com Phone: 780 - 989-2977
dlmIq sskYcuan zrfeIv AuWqy siQq vftrjL aYWj iblizMg dI igafrHvIN mMjLl wqy rihMdf sI. albrtf dI rfjDfnI, aYzimMtn dy ies zrfeIv-vy dy nflL-nflL sskYcUan diraf vg irhf sI. dlmIq ny ies diraf ivwc hV afieaf kdy nhIN sI dyiKaf aqy nf hI kdy suixaf sI. ieh diraf hmysLF sLFq vgdf sI. grmIaF dI ruwq ivwc kdy-kdy iewk bot afAuNdI ijs ivwc itkt lY ky bYTy aYzimMtn vfsI vgdy diraf dy KLusLIaF Bry idRsL dyKdy jFdy. keI vfr anyk cobr CotIaF iksLqIaF nfl diraf ivwc boitMg krdy iPrdy. dlmIq ilivMg rUm ivwc bYTf ivMzo dy sLIsLy QfxI bfhr Jfk irhf sI aqy bVy mjLy nfl diraf aqy hrI-BrI vfdI dy idl PLryb njLfiraF df anMd mfx irhf sI.
sskYcUan diraf Aus dy mn ivwc iewk nksLf bixaf hoieaf sI. sfmHxy myjL AuWqy cfh df kwp ipaf sI. plyt ivwc do rs dy pIs sn. vylf, svyr dy awT ku vjy df hoxf. mOsm grmIaF df sI. Auh cfh dIaF cuskIaF Br irhf sI aqy mn dIaF AuzfrIaF nfl AuWz irhf sI. diraf dy moV, vfdI dI kudrqI suMdrqf ivwc vfDf kr rhy sn. diraf dy afly-duafly hrIaF JfVIaF qy sprUs dy drKLqF ny Jurmt pfieaf hoieaf sI. keI nOjvfn gory-gorIaF nwTx dy sLukIn sVkF nfl lwgdy PuwtpfQF AuWqy afpxI cfl PVI jFdy idKfeI dy rhy sn. afsIN-pfsIN sVkF swp vFg mylHdIaF jf rhIaF sn. hr pfsy kfrF df qFqf lwigaf hoieaf sI. kfrF kdy qyjL cwldIaF qy kdy srk-srk. iksy smyN koeI bws vI lMG jFdI. skUtrF-motrsfeIklF df afpxf hI sLor sI. vfdI dIaF sMGxIaF JfVIaF aqy sprUs dy drKLqF ivwc lokF dy Gr afpxf hI njLfrf pysL kr rhy sn. gory drKLqF dI sMgq ivwc kudrq dI god psMd krdy hn. ies idRsL qoN pry zfAUn tfAUn dIaF AuWcIaF-AuWcIaF bhu-mMjLlI iblizMgF mnuwK dy idl nUM KLusLI Biraf hulfrf dy rhIaF sn. pMCI awD asmfn ivwc pINGF JUt rhy sn. inwkIaF-inwkIaF icVIaF dIaF zfrF bVI qyjLI nfl lMG jFdIaF aqy awK dy Por ivwc iewk dMm muV pYNdIaF. AuhnF ivwc ikMnf izispln sI! pqf nIN AuhnF kol ikhVf rfzfr sI jF vfierlYs isstm ik sfrIaF dIaF sfrIaF icVIaF dIaF zfrF iekwTIaF klfbfjLI KFdIaF muV pYNdIaF sn? ajIb njLfrf bwJf hoieaf sI. lwgdf ieh sI ik ieh AuhnF df svyr vyly df mn-prcfvf sI ijvyN inwkIaF bflVIaF ‘ikwklI klIr dI, pwg myry vIr dI’ gf-gf GuMmx-GyrIaF ivwc nwcdIaF hwP jFdIaF afpxf mn prcfvf krdIaF hn. dlmIq smJdf sI ik Auh surgF dy JUty lY irhf hY. dlmIq iehnF idRsLF ivwc KuwiBaf hoieaf sI. Aus ny afpxy kFzo dy drvfjLy dy KuwlHx df KVkf suixaf. Auh sfvDfn ho ky drvfjLy vwl Jfkx lwgf. Aus df bytf, pqvMq aMdr viVaf. aMdr vVidaF sfr pqvMq boilaf, “pfpf, cfh pI leI?” “nhIN, hfly pI irhF.” “awCf, mYN vI cfh bxf ky ilafieaf. rlL ky pINdy aF.” pqvMq nfl dy kFzo ivwc rihMdf sI. AuhnF dy do kFzo sn. iewk ivwc dlmIq rihMdf sI aqy dUjy ivwc Aus df bytf afpxI pqnI nfl rih irhf sI. pqvMq cfh bxfAux lwg ipaf. Aus nUM QoVHy ijhy PlU ny Gyr rwiKaf sI. ies kfrn Aus ny cfh dy pfxI ivwc QoVHf adrk kwdUks kr ky Aublx vfsqy pfieaf. “pfpf, rYNzI kihMdf sI, ‘mYN aYqvfr mYrfQfn nwTx afAuxf.’ Aus ny kwlH PrfeIzy afAuxf sI. afieaf nIN. pqf nIN kI gwl af? afh sfry pfsy DUaF hI DUaF hoieaf ipaf. bfhr sfh lYxf vI aOKf lwgdf. kihMdy ny bI[sI[ dy jMglF ivwc iqMn sO QfvF wqy awg lwgI hoeI af qy hvf ieh DUaF aYDr cuwk ilafeI af.” “ho skdf! mYN qF aMdr hI bYTF aF. bfhr inilaf nhIN. AuNJ, eyQoN bfhr dyiKaF DUaF idKfeI pYNdf af. mYN smiJaf DuMd hoxI af.” “lE, mYN cfh bxdI dy nfl-nfl aYzimMtn jrnl pVH ky dyKdF, beI ies DUeyN bfry Auh kI ilKdy ny?” aKLbfr svyry pMj vjy df afieaf ipaf sI. pqvMq aKLbfr pVHn lwg ipaf. Aus ny cfh bxf leI. aKLbfr aqy cfh lY ky afpxy pfpy kol af bYTf. aYny nUM kFzo df dvfjLf iPr KVikaf. dvfjLy AuWqy cfbI Pyrn dI QoVHI ijhI KV-KV hoeI. AuhnF dovF dIaF awKf drvfjLy vwl lwg geIaF. drvfjLf KuwilHaf. ieh rYNzI sI. pqvMq aqy dlmIq dIaF awKF ivwc cmk af geI. donoN iewko vfrI boly, “rYNzI af igaf!” rYNzI kYlgrI ivwc iewk kMpnI ivwc ‘zYsktfp sport anyilst’ (kMpIAUtr df koeI kMm) lwigaf hoieaf sI. Auh do-iqMn hPLqy ipwCoN imlx vfsqy aYzimMtn afm gyVf mfr lYNdf. Aus ny kYlgrI ivwc iewk kFzo KLrIidaf hoieaf sI ijs ivwc Auh rih irhf sI. qIh sfl df ho igaf sI pr hfly isMgl hI sI. “siq sRI akfl jI!” rYNzI kol af ky boilaf. Aus dy ipwT AuWqy bYk-pYk sI. swjy moZy AuWqy iewk hor bYg ltk irhf sI aqy Kwby AuWqy lYptfp. iewk hwQ ivwc iewk Cotf bYg sI. pqvMq CyqI dyxy AuWiTaf aqy Aus ny rYNzI dy sfry smfn nUM lfhux ivwc mdd kIqI. pqvMq aqy dlmIq ny rYNzI nfl vfrI-vfrI Guwt ky jwPI pfeI aqy ipafr idMidaF siq sRI akfl df jvfb idwqf. “kwlH afQxy DUaF bhuq sI. mYN soicaf, hux nhIN jfxf cfhIdf. kwlH nUM dyKFgy. jdoN mYN svyry sfhJry AuWiTaf, bfhr njLr mfrI, dyiKaf, DUaF bhuq Gwt igaf sI. bws, cwl ipaf qy af phuMicaf,” rYNzI ny soPy wqy bYTidaF afpxI phuMcx dI dyrI df kfrn dwisaf. iPr Auh AuWiTaf. ikcn ivwc jf ky Aus ny iewk zONgy ivwc TMzf duwD pfieaf. Aus ivwc loV anusfr sIrIal pf ky muV soPy wqy af bYTf qy Kfx lwg ipaf. “gRYNzpf, qusIN kihMdy sI, quhfnUM PlU ho igaf sI. hux quhfzf kI hfl af?” ryNzI ipafr aqy iewk agMmI iKwc nfl boilaf. “bytf, hux mYN TIk hF. QoVHI KMG aqy kmjLorI af. hOlI-hOlI sB TIk hojU.” dlmIq ny AuWqr idwqf. Auh mn hI mn ivwc bhuq KLusL sI ik Aus df poqf Aus nfl ikMnf ipafr krdf af! ivwcoN pqvMq boilaf, “rYNzI, qUM kihMdf sI ik mYrfQfn ivwc ihwsf lYxf af.” “hF zYz, kwlH svyry 7[30 mYrfQfn ny sLurU hoxf. mYrfQfn kOlsIam qoN sLurU hoxI af. afpF EQy 6[30 phuMcxf. awj mYN afpxI ikwt lYx jfAuNgf.” dlmIq bVy iDafn nfl rYNzI dIaF gwlF sux irhf sI aqy idl ivwc KLusL sI ik rYNzI dy ikMny cMgy ivcfr ny. rYNzI BYVI sohbq dy kol dI vI nhIN lMGdf sI. ieh gwlF ho hI rhIaF sn ik tYlIPon dI GMtI KVkI. rYNzI ny Bwj ky tYlIPon cuWikaf qy boilaf, “hYlo.” avfjL afeI, “mYN jsjIq aF. drvfjLf KoilHE.” tYlIPon ivwc ieh bjLr dI GMtI vwjI sI ijhVI QwilEN afeI sI. rYNzI ny tYlIPon ivwcoN Cy nMbr dbfieaf. Qwly iblizMg df myn drvfjLf KuwlH igaf. jsjIq isMG lfbI ivwc af viVaf. Aus ny lfbI ivwc pey iewk ienPrmysLn pypr AuWqy pfrikMg ivwc afpxI kfr aqy stfl dy vyrvy ilKy. iPr ilPt QfxI igafrHvIN mMjLl wqy af phuMicaf qy kFzo df drvfjLf KVkf idwqf. rYNzI ny Bwj ky drvfjLf KolLHidaF ikhf, “aMkl, siq sRI akfl.” jsjIq isMG rYNzI nUM dyK ky bhuq KLusL hoieaf. Aus ny siq sRI akfl df AuWqr idMidaF rYNzI dy moiZaF AuWqy ipafr df QfpVf idwqf. Aus afpxy sLUjL lfhy aqy kol af ky sfiraF nfl hwQ imlfey. duaf-slfm ipwCoN jsjIq soPy AuWqy bYT igaf. pqvMq AuWT ky jsjIq leI cfh bxfAux ikcn ivwc cilaf igaf. “suxf beI rYNzI, qyrf kI hfl af? asIN qYnUM bhuq Xfd krdy aF. qUM sfnUM kMpIAUtr dIaF bhuq sfrIaF kMm dIaF gwlF dws ky jFdF.” pqvMq dy jfx ipwCoN jsjIq isMG rYzI nfl gwlF krn lwg ipaf sI. “aMkl, kMpIAUtr sB nUM iswKxf cfhIdf. ieh Xuwg ienPrmysLn tYknflojI df af,” rYNzI ny KLfs siqkfr nfl AuWqr idwqf. “s[ jsjIq isMG, rYNzI ies vfr KLfs qOr wqy mYrfQfn nwTx afieaf af,” pqvMq ivwco bol ipaf. Auh jsjIq isMG leI cfh ilaf ky bYTf hI sI. jsjIq ny cfh df ipaflf PiVaf aqy Guwtf-vftI pIx lwg ipaf. Aus ny rYNzI nfl gwl-bfq jfrI rwKI. “rYNzI hux kI pRogrfm af?” “aMkl, kwlH mYN mYrfQfn nwTUMgf.” “awCf! kmfl dI gwl af! lok mYrfQfn ikAuN nwTdy ny? mYnUM qF smJ nIN pYNdI. nwTx bdly kuJ anfm-sLnfm vI imldf?” “iewk qgLmf idMdy ny ijs AuWqy mYrfQfn df nF aqy nF Qwly iPinsLr iliKaf huMdf.” “bws, zflr sLflr kuJ nIN?” “nhIN aMkl, mYrfQfn qF iksy loVvMd sMsQf dI mdd leI afXoijq kIqI jFdI af.” “mYN gwl smiJaf nIN. mdd ikQoN afAuNdI af?” “mYrfQfn ivwc nwTx vfly pMj, ds, vIh hjLfr jF lwK vI ho skdy ny. lok dUroN-dUroN mYrfQfn nwTx afAuNdy ny. ies ivwc afdmI-aOrqF sB ihwsf lYNdy ny. mYrfQfn nwTx leI aYNtrI PIs huMdI af. Gwto-Gwt sO zflr qF huMdI af. bws, ies qrHF mdd iekwTI ho jFdI af.” “awCf! nwTx vfly nUM pYsy vI dyxy pYNdy ny! ieh qF nvIN gwl suxI. sfzy dys ivwc asIN eyho-ijhI imsfl nf dyKI qy nf suxI, beI nfly nwTo qy nfly pysy idE! knyzf dys dIaF inafrIaF gwlF ny.” “rYNzI bytf, qUM ikMnIaF mYrfQfn nwT cuwikaF?” “aMkl, hfP-mYrfQfn awT ku qF hoxIaF. pUrI mYrfQfn krIb ibaflI iklomItr dI huMdI af. mYN awDI mYrfQfn mqlb iewkI iklomItr afm nwTdF. iewk vfr amrIkf ivwc sYNzIafgo pUrI mYrfQfn nwiTaf sI. hux kwlH nUM mYN pUrI ibaflI iklomItr nwTUMgf.” “hYN? qUM iewkI iklomItr lgfqfr nwTdF? ieh qF bVf aOKf. qy hux qUM kihMdF 42 iklomItr nwTUMgf.” “nhIN aMkl, koeI aOKf nIN. qusIN af ky dyK ilE. ikMny lok nwTdy ny? nfly rOxkF vI hr pfsy lwgIaF huMdIaF ny. bhuq Pn huMdf af. ipClI vfr jdoN mYN eyQy aYzimMtn ivwc hfP mYrfQfn nwTI sI, gRYNzpf mYnUM dyKx vfsqy crcl skoier phuMcy sn. mYN gRYNz pf nUM afpxf muVn df lwgpwg smF dws idwqf sI. iPr vI mYnUM iml nhIN sky sn.” “hF, rYNzI dI gwl TIk af. lokF dI bhuq BIV sI. myrf idl vI AuCfly mfrdf sI ik mYN vI mYrfQfn nwiTaf krF. pr hux Aumr sfQ nIN idMdI. bytf rYNzI, ies dOV nUM mYrfQfn ikAuN afKdy ny?” rYNzI dy dfdf jI boly.
iewk pyNitMg ivwc iPizwpIzIjL eyQnjL dy lokF nUM mYrfQfn dI ijwq dI KLbr idMdf hoieaf
ies dy AuWqr ivwc pqvMq boilaf, “490 bI[sI[ (krIb ZfeI hjLfr sfl pihlF) dI gwl af, mYrfQfn (iewk ipMz df nF) dy sQfn qoN iewk XUnfnI sYink sUrmf, iPizwpIzIjL 26 mIl 385 gjL (42[2 iklomItr) dOV ky eyQnjL igaf sI. Aus ny jf ky ieh KLbr idwqI sI ik XUnfn dIaF ieiqhfdI PLOjF ny prsLIan (ajokf ierfn) PLOjF AuWqy ijwq pRfpq kr leI hY. Auh ieh KLbr suxf ky EQy hI ZyrI ho igaf sI qy afKLrI dMm qoV igaf sI. kihMdy ny ik Auh rsqy ivwc ikqy nhIN ruikaf. lgfqfr nwTdf hI irhf.” iPr rYNzI boilaf, “mYrfQfn iewk XUnfnI sLbd af. ieh sLbd PInl dI QF wqy vriqaf igaf af. PInl dy arQ ny ‘sONP’. Aus ielfky ivwc sONP dI pYdfvfr bflHI huMdI sI.” “ihrozots XUnfn df msLhUr ieiqhfskfr hoieaf af. Auh vI XUnfn-prsLIan jMgF dy vyrvy idMdf iPizwpIzIjL df ijLkr krdf af,” pqvMq ny sfiraF dy igafn ivwc hor vfDf kIqf. jsjIq, ijhVf sfihq rsIaf sI, kihx lwgf, “rfbrt brfAUinMg, iewk pRiswD kvI hoieaf af. Aus ny sMn 1876 ivwc ‘iPizwpIzIjL’ nF dI iewk kivqf ilKI sI ijs ivwc Auh ies khfxI nUM ibafn krdf af.” “gwl jsjIq isMG hurF dI TIk af.‘iPizwpIzIjL’ df nF lokF ivwc aYnf jfixaf jfx lwg ipaf sI ik ieh nF XUnfn dy 19vIN sdI dy swiBafcfr df iewk aMg bx igaf. ieEN ieh sUrmf ieiqhfisk lYjYNz bx igaf. iehI nIN, hux ieh nF XUnfnI swiBafcfr ivwc iewk msLhUr dMd kQf af,” pqvMq jsjIq isMG dI gwl dI pRoVHqf krdf boilaf. “aMkl, AuilMipk ivwc mYrfQfn dOV ikvyN afeI? ies dI vI ajIb khfxI af,” rYNzI ny gwl agFh qorI. “gwl sMn 1896 dI af. eyQnjL dy ‘imsLl brIal’ ny ivcfr pysL kIqf ik ies dOV df ivDIvq pRbMD kIqf jfey aqy ies nUM eyQnjL ivwc 1896 dIaF pihlI afDuink EilMipks KyzF ivwc sLfml kIqf jfey. XUnfn ivwc afDuink EilMipks dy bfnI ‘pYry zI kobritn’ ny ies df jLordfr smrQn kIqf. lE aMkl, 10 mfrc 1896 nUM EilMipks mYrfQfn leI coxn-dOV krvfeI geI. ies ivwc wcYrIlOs vfsIlykos’ ny 3 GMty 18 imMt ivwc ieh dOV ijwqI. pihlI EilMipk mYrfQfn (mrdF dI) df afXojn 10 aprYl 1896 nUM kIqf igaf ijs nUM XUnfn dy hI ‘sipryzon ‘sipros’ lUeis’ ny 2 GMty 58 imMt 50 sikMtF ivwc ijwiqaf. dOV 40 iklomItr (24[85 mIl) dI sI.” “beI rYNzI, qYN qF kmfl krqI. ikMnI vDIaf jfxkfrI idwqI af!” “gRYNzpf, qusIN nIN kuJ boldy?” “nhIN bytf, mYN bhuq iDafn nfl sfrIaF gwlF sux irhF. mYnUM qF sfrIaF gwlF nvIaF-nvIaF lwgdIaF ny.” dlmIq nUM afpxy poqy df moh af igaf. “sMn 1984 ivwc amrIkf dy lfs eyNjls ivwc 1984 dIaF grmI dIaF EilMipks ivwc aOrqF dI mYrfQfn sLurU kIqI geI. ies nUM XU[aYs[ dI ‘jon bnoiet’ ny 2 GMty 24 imMt 52 sikMtF ivwc ijwiqaf.” dlmIq hux hor vI sfvDfn ho igaf sI. jsjIq isMG soc irhf sI ik Aus df awj df idn ikMnf sPl af! ikMnIaF kMm dIaF gwlF Aus nUM iml rhIaF ny! Auh boilaf, “mY sfmHxy rihMdy swjx isMG nUM ikhf sI, cwl, sYr krdy-krdy dlmIq kol clIey. pqf kI kihMdf? ‘aKy, myrI pYNt ivwc blL pey hoey ny, mYN hfly pRYs krnI af qy bl kwZUMgf qF pfAUNgf. mYN hr rojL pYNt pRYs kr ky pfAuNdF. nfly, mYnUM pwg bwnHx ivwc awDf GMtf hor lwg jfxf af. qUM jf, mYN iPr ikqy jfAUNgf.’ rih igaf nf gwzI cVHno! afh gwlF ikqoN imlxIaF ny?” pqvMq ny gwl jfrI rwKI, “2008 dIaF grmIaF dIaF EilMipks ivwc kInIaf dy sYmUal kmfE vnjIrU ny mYrfQfn dOV (42[195 iklomItr/26[22 mIl) 2 GMty 6 imMt 32 sikMtF ivwc ijwqI ijhVI mrdF dI EilMipk dOV ivwc iewk irkfrz sI. sMn 2000 ivwc aOrqF dI grmIaF dI ailMipk mYrfQfn dOV ivwc jpfn dI aOrq ‘nOko tfkfhfsLI’ ny 2 GMty 23 imMt 14 sikMtF df irkfrz rwiKaf. meI 1921 ivwc ‘ieMtrnYsLnl amYicEr aQlYitk PYzrysLn’ ny mYrfQfn dOV df PLfslf 42[195 iklomItr/26 mIl 385 gjL qY kr ky ieksfrqf lY aFdI. iPr vI PLfsly bfry adlf-bdlIaF huMdIaF rhIaF.”
2009 ivwc stfkhom ivwc mYrfQfn df idRsL
dunIaf Br ivwc krIb 500 qoN vwD mYrfQfnF df hr sfl afXojn kIqf jFdf. bostn, inAU Xfrk istI, isLkfgo, lMzn aqy brln dIaF mYrfQfnF nUM sB qoN vwzIaF qy mfxmwqIaF mMnIaF jFdIaF hn. iehnF vfrsLk mYrfQfnF ivwc sB nfloN vDIaf aOrq qy mrd dOVfkF nUMM 500,000$ ienfm idwqy jFdy hn.”
swjy pfsy pIlI bunYx vflf, hylI jYbrsylYsI pOlf rYzkilP
mYrfQfn ivwc ivsLv Br dy irkfrz dI gwl kridaF rYNzI boilaf, “aMkl, 28 sqMbr 2008 nUM brln mYrfQfn ivwc XQopIaf dy ‘hylI jYbrsylYsI’ ny 2 GMty 3 imMt 59 sikMtF df irkfrz rwiKaf. aOrqF dI lMzn mYrfQfn ivwc 13 aprYl 2003 ivwc gRyt ibRtn dI ‘pOlf rYzkilP’ ny 2 GMty 15 imMt 25 sikMtF df ivsLv irkfrz kfiem kIqf.” jsjIq isMG hws ky boilaf, “rYNzI, qYN sYNzIafgo ivwc kI irkfrz rwiKaf?” “aMkl myrf iksy nfl mukfblf nhIN, mYN qF afpxy afp nfl hI mukfblf krdF. ipwClI vfr mYN EQy pUrI mYrfQfn 4 GMty 8 imMt dy smyN ivwc KLqm kIqI. ies vfr dyKo eyQy aYzimMtn ivwc kI smF lYNdf aF?” “mYN qF rYNzI nUM ikhf sI. aYqkI KLqry vflI gwl af. afh DUaF sfh nUM qklIPL dy skdf,” dlmIq afpxy poqy df iPLkr krdf sI. “nhIN gRYNzpf, qusIN bhuqf iPLkr nf kro. kuJ nIN huMdf. mYrfQfn vfilaF nUM ies df iPLkr af,” rYNzI ny afpxy gRYNzpf df iPLkr dUr kridaF ikhf. jsjIq isMG ny GVHI vwl njLr mfrI. sfZy ds vwj cuwky sn. kihx lwgf, cMgf beI rYNzI, hux cwlIey. smF bhuq sohxf lMiGaf. jsjIq isMG ny sB nUM siq sRI akfl bulfeI aqy cly gey. rYNzI qy pqvMq afpxy-afpxy pRogrfm ivwc ruwJ gey. dlmIq nHfAux vfsqy afpxy kwpVy lfhux lwg ipaf.
zfrivn df ivkfsvfd
dljIq isMG, aYzimMtn Pon: (780) 989 - 2977
zfrivn dI ikqfb ‘afirjn afP spIsLIjL’ vkfsvfd/ aYvoilAUsLn df isDFq pysL krdI hY. zfrivn df ieh bOiDk (buwDImfn) ienklfbI ivcfr sI. ies isDFq ny rcnfvfdIaF dy ivcfrF df aDfr hI ihlf idwqf. ijwQy ‘afirjn afP spIsLIjL’ ivwc zfrivn Aup-nslF dI AuqpqI ivkfsvfd/aYvoilAUsLn duafrf hoeI drsfAuNdf hY, EQy rcnfvfdIaF df sMklp hY ik Aup-nslF rwb ny eysy qrHF ieMn-ibMn AuqpMn kIqIaF hn. rcnfvfdIaF vwloN smJI jFdI rwb dI srb-sRysLT mnuwKI nsl nUM zfrivn ny psLUaF dI nsl ivwc ilaf KVHf kIqf hY. zfrivn anusfr mnuwK dI AuqpqI df AuWqr-ivkfs ivkfsvfd dy isDFq anusfr iksy psLU jfqI qoN hoieaf hY. mnuwK dy mfnisk aqy srIrk lwCx bFdr jfqI dy lwCxf nfl smfnqf rwKdy hn. PLrk hY qF isrPL ivkfs dI mfqrf ivwc hY, mUl ivwc nhIN. jy[zblIAU[ bro ilKdf hY ik ikRscIan sMn sLurU hox dy smyN qoN lY ky sMsfr ivwc iqMn gMBIr bOiDk AuQlF-puQlF vfprIaF. lwgdf hY ik AuhnF ny mfnqf pRfpq sMklpF dy sfry ZFcy nUM jVHoN ihlf idwqf: 1. pihlI AuQl-puQl EdoN hoeI jdoN bfrHvIN sdI aqy qyrHvIN sdI ivwc airstotl drsLn dI punr-Koj kIqI geI. airstotl drsLn nUM muwZ qoN iPr ivcfiraf igaf. ieh Koj mwD kflIn ikRscIan ivcfr sI. ies ivcfr ivwc bOiDk qknIk aqy igafn df ZFcf ijLafdf pRBfvsLflI aqy Auicq sI. ies ivwc isDFq sI aqy ies nUM ivDIbwD ivcfiraf igaf ijs ivwc prmfixq bOiDk rvfieq pysL kIqI geI. vwzI gwl ieh sI ik ies ivcfr ivwcoN ikRscIan rhws lop sI. 2[ dUjI AuQl-puQl sI: solHvIN aqy sqfrHvIN sdIaF df ivigafink ienklfb. ies ny DrqI nUM ivsLv dy kyNdrI ibMdU qoN ihlf idwqf aqy pdfrQ/mfdf dy aiDaYn ivwc Koj dy afdrsL sQfipq kr idwqy ijs ny kfrn aqy iswty dIaF bfkfiedf kVIaF imQ idwqIaF. ies ny ivwc-ivcfly iksy dyvqy dy cmqkfr dI dKLl aMdfjLI leI AuWkf hI koeI QF nf CwzI.
zfrivn dI ikrq ‘afirijn afP spIsLIjL’ (Aup-nslF dI AuqpqI) ivigafink klpnf dI ienklfbI ikrq hY. lMmy smyN qoN bnspqI ivwc GolL cwldf af irhf hY. drKLq hr sfl afpxI sMqfn vDfAux leI hjLfrF-lwKF bIj iKlfrdy hn. kIVy-mkOVy, psLU-pMCI vI afpxI aOlfd dy vfDy leI Gol krdy iehnF bIjF nUM Bojn bxfAuNdy hn, drKLqF dy PlL-Puwl, pwqy-tfhxIaF afid KFdy hn. dUjy jfnvr aqy psLU iewk-dUjy df isLkfr krky afpxy Kfxy dI pUrqI krdy GolL krdy hn. bnspqI afpxf vfDf vDfAux dy GolL ivwc lwgI rihMdI hY. mnuwK drKLqF nUM vwZdf hY aqy hor AugfAuNdf hY. ies qrHF sYNkVy-lwKF sflF qoN GolL jfrI hY. jMg ho rhI hY. kOx ijAuNdf hY, kOx mrdf hY? kudrqI cox dy hwQ. iglbrt vHfeIt afP sYlborn ilKdf hY ik zfrivn ny pMCIaF nUM ghu nfl dyiKaf aqy AuhnF nUM PiVaf. Aus ny bINzy iekwTy kIqy aqy kbUqrF nUM cogf idwqf. Auh jMglF ivwc Koj dI Dun ivwc nsLeI hoieaf GuMmdf irhf. Aus ny bIgl dy jwl-sPLr ivwc pRikrqk Koj leI pMj sfl qoN vwD gujLfry. dwKxI amrIkf dI DrqI bfry zUMGI Koj kIqI. Aus dI ‘afirjn afP spIsLIjL’ ikqfb jIv ivigafn df iewk ivsLfl idRsL pysL krdI hY. Auh vigafnI bxn qoN pihlF, kudrq df afsLk sI. ies ikqfb ny rwb bfry aqy mnuwKI nsl bfry ivcfr iblkul bdl idwqy. tI[aYWc hksly ilKdf hY ik ‘afirijn afP spIsLIjL’ pVH ky bVI byvkUPLI mihsUs huMdI hY ik ieh ivcfr pihlF ikAuN nf ahuiVaf?’ zfrivn ny aqI sMvydnsLIl ivsLy nUM hwQ pfieaf ijhVf Aus dy smkflI dfrsLinkF df mn BfAuNdf ivsLf sI: bfeIbl df swc: pRikrqk jwgq ivwc rwb dI hukmrfnI; mnuwKI nsl dI srb-sRysLTqf aqy rcnf df mUl mnorQ. zfrivn dy ienklfbI ivcfr nUM smJx leI AunHIvIN sdI dy bOiDk mfhOl nUM smJxf jLrUrI hY. Aus smyN rwb iewk jLrUrI pirklpnf smJI jFdI sI. Auh pUry bRihmMz df mfilk jfixaf jFdf sI. Aus nUM kuwl kfienfq df isrjxhfr aqy pflxhfr df drjf pRfpq sI. Auh srbsLkqImfn sI. Auh sB jIvF nUM Bojn dyx vflf bfp sI. Auh idaflU sI, ikrpflU sI. ieh ivsLvfs sI ik hryk Aupnsl Aus dI rcnf hY. AunHIvIN sdI dy iesfeI mq nUM ‘rYsLnl ikRscYintI’ (qrksLIl iesfeI mq) mMinaf jFdf sI. ieh sqHfrvIN sdI dy ivigafnk AuBfr nfl smJoqf krdf hY. sr afeIjLk inAUtn anusfr ivigafn aqy mjLHb jugqIbwD, ieksur isRsLtI ivwc iekwTy surmyl nfl rihMdy hn. aTfrHvIN sdI dy aKLIr aqy AunHIvIN sdI dy muwZ ivwc kudrq dI mfnqf vwD geI aqy aiDafqmvfd ipwCokV ivwc rih igaf. rwb dI QF `qy kudrq aDfr bx geI. kudrq dI Koj ies dy rcxhfr dI mfniskqf dI Koj bx geI. rwb rhwsvfd duafrf nhIN Koijaf jFdf sI. AunHIvIN sdI dy mwD qwk lokF ivwc pRikrqk ieiqhfs jfxn dI iewCf blvfn ho geI. jdoN sMn 1859 ivwc zfrivn dI ikqfb, ‘afirjn afP spIsLIjL’ pRkfsLq hoeI qF ies dy iqMn aYzIsLn DVf-DV ivk gey. lok AupnslF, bnspqI jIvn, PfislF (pQrftI/pRfcIn kfl dI koeI cIjL, ipMjr afid pwQr bxI hoeI), psLUaF dy vrqfa dI pRikrqI aqy cox kIqI hoeI nsl dy pRBfv jfxn dy cfhvfn ho gey. ikRscIan gfz nUM aksr ivigafink aDfr AuWqy nhIN blik mnuwKqf dy aDfr AuWqy sLMkf dI njLr nfl dyiKaf jFdf sI jF asvIkfr kIqf jFdf sI. jIv ivigafn ivwc ivkfsvfd/aYvoilAUsLn zfrivn qoN pihlF hI iewk purfxf isDFq sI ijs nUM sMdyhI njLr nfl dyiKaf jFdf sI. zfrivn ny vI ‘afirijn afP spIsLIjL’ ivwc afpxy pUrv dfrsLinkF dy qIh ku nF idwqy hn. XUnfnI dfrsLink vI ieh ivcfr rwKdy sn ik jIvn df ivkfs DImI gqI nfl iksy afid kflIn dy icpicpy pdfrQ qoN hoieaf hY. aTfrHvIN sdI ivwc zfeIzrft, buPon aqy mfprtuies ivkfsvfdI ivcfr rwKdy sn. buPon afDuink kfl df pihlf ivigafnI sI ijs ny ies isDFq nUM ivigafink ZMg nfl ivcfiraf. zfrivn df afpxf dfdf ierYsms ivkfsvfdI ivcfrF df mudeI sI. zfrivn qoN pihlF dy ivkfsvfdI isDFqF pRqI ieh vwzy ieqrfjL sn ik AuhnF df aDfr aMsLk qOr `qy Coty Bugoilk iKlfr dI Dfrnf AuWqy hY ijhVf hOlI-hOlI ivkfs dI pRikiraf leI smF nhIN idMdf. kuJ ieh sI ik isDFq pRqI pRikiraf dI ivafiKaf kflpink sI aqy AulJfAU sI. jy[bI lYmfrk dI ‘iPlfsPI jLUaflojIk’ 1801, 1809 aqy 1815 ivwc iqMn vfr pRkfsLq hoeI. ieh pihlf ivigafnI sI ijs dy ies ivsLy `qy kwZy iswitaF ny ivdvfnF df iDafn afpxy vwl iKwicaf. Aus ny ivcfr pysL kIqf ik ijLafdf sMBv hY ik jIv jgq ivwc sfrIaF qbdIlIaF iksy nym kfrn hoeIaF hn aqy ivwc-ivcfly koeI cmqkfr nhIN hY. Aus dy ivcfr df iswtf sI ik AupnslF ivwc qbdIlI DImI gqI nfl hoeI hY. suDfeI df kfrn jIvn dy srIrk hflfq dy iswDy aml nfl hY. kuJ qbdIlIaF nUM Aus ny pihlF dIaF hoNd dIaF sLklF nfl krfisMg (doglypx, ipENd) hox dy kfrn nfl joiVaf. keI qbdIlIaF vrqoN aqy nf vrqoN krn dI afdq kfrn hoeIaF. Auh AuhnF sfrIaF qbdIlIaF nUM kudrq ivwc Zlx dI pRikiraf df iswtf kihMdf hY. afnrybl aqy rYvrz zblIAU[ hrbrt afpxIaF ikrqF ‘hfrtIklcr tRFjLYksLMjL’ 1812 aqy ‘aYmrfeIlIzYsI’ (zYPoizljL vrgy PuwlF df prvfr) 1837 ivwc ivcfr idMdf hY ik hryk jfqI dI Aupnsl muwZ ivwc bhuq ijLafdf lckdfr hflfq ivwc AuqpMn kIqI geI aqy ieh hoeIaF vI ipENd/krfisMg rfhIN. eysy qrHF sfzIaF sfrIaF mOjUdf AupnslF PLrk rwKdIaF pYdf kIqIaF geIaF. 1826 ivwc pRoPYsr grFt ny afpxy iewk prcy ivwc ivcfr pysL kIqf ik AupnslF iksy hor AupnslF dIaF AuWqr-sMqfn hn aqy AuhnF dI suDfeI dy aml nfl AunqI hoeI hY. eysy qrHF imstr mYQIAU ny 1826 ivwc, BU ivigafnI aqy pRikrqIvfdI vOn buc ny 1836 ivwc, rPfeInYsk ny 1836 ivwc, pRiswD BUgol ivigafnI aYWm[jy[zI’EmflIas ny 1831 ivwc, afpxIaF ilKqF ivwc AupnslF dI qbdIlI bfry aijhy hI ivcfr idwqy. 1851 ivwc zf[ Pryk ny afpxf isDFq idwqf ik sfry jIv iksy kdIm kfl dI sLkl qoN AuWqr-AuqpMn hoey hn. imstr hrbrt spYnsr ny 1858 ivwc afpxy lyK ivwc jIvF dI rcnf aqy ivkfs dy isDFqF dy aMqrF bfry bVI isafxp nfl iliKaf. Aus ny pflqU AupjF dI smrUpqf bfry, bhuq sfrIaF AupnslF dy BrUnF dIaF qbdIlIaF bfry, AupnslF aqy rMg-brMgIaF iksmF bfry, afm drjfbMdI dy isDFq bfry, dlIlF idwqIaF ik AupnslF dI suDfeI hoeI. Aus ny suDfeI nUM hflfq dI qbdIlI nfl joiVaf. 1852 ivwc iewk msLhUr bnspqI ivigafnI aYWm[ nOdIn ny afpxy sLlfGfXog prcy ivwc iliKaf ik AupnslF smrUp ivwc Esy qrHF pYdf hoeIaF ijvyN KyqI ivwc keI qrHF dIaF smrUp iksmF pYdf kIqIaF jFdIaF hn. 1853 ivwc iewk pRiswD BU ivigafnI kfAUNt kIsrilMg ny afpxI ilKq ivwc iliKaf ik nvIaF bImfrIaF iksy iktfxU BrpUr gMd kfrn AuqpMn huMdIaF hn. Auh bImfrIaF vDdIaF hn aqy sfrI dunIaf ivwc PYl jFdIaF hn. kuJ smyN ivwc, Aus smyN dy iktfxUaF dIaF AupnslF, KLfs iksm dy afly-duafly dy mflIikAUljL (axU, jLwrf, kx) rfhIN rsfieixk qOr `qy grwsIaF jFdIaF hn. ies qrHF nvIaF iksmF dy iktfxU pYdf ho skdyy hn. eysy sfl 1853 ivwc zf[ sLfPhfsyn pRikrqIvfdI ny iewk sLfndfr prcf Cfipaf. Aus ivwc Aus ny DrqI AuWqy jIvF dIaF iksmF dy ivkfs bfry iliKaf. Auh iswtf kwZidaF ilKdf hY ik bhuq sfrIaF AupnslF lMmy smyN qwk afpxIaF aslI sLklF ivwc rhIaF pr keIaF dI suDfeI ho geI. keI ivwc-ivcfly dIaF iksmF mr geIaF. ‘ies qrHF jIvq pOdy aqy psLU nvIN Aupj rfhIN lop hoeIaF iksmF nfloN awz nhIN hoeIaF blik AuhnF nUM inrMqr AuqpqI rfhIN AuhnF dI AuWqr-sMqfn mMnxf cfhIdf hY.’ vfn bfier ijhVf bhuq mfnqf pRfpq jMqU ivigafnI (jLUafloijst) sI, ny afpxf ivcfr 1859 ivwc idwqf. Aus df ivcfr Bugoilk iKlfr dy nymF AuWqy aDfrq sI. Aus anusfr AupnslF, ijhVIaF iblkul vwKrIaF lwgdIaF hn, dI iewk mfpy dI iksm qoN AuWqr-AuqpqI hoeI hY. 1859 ivwc pRoPYsr hksly ny rfiel ienstIitAUsLn iekwqRqf sfmHxy lYkcr kridaF ikhf: ‘iehnF gwlF dy arQF nUM smJxf aOKf hY ik psLU aqy pOdy, jF hor koeI vwzI iksm dI rcnf dIaF hryk AupnslF rcnfqimk sLkqI ny DrqI AuWqy lMmy smyN dy vkPLy ipwCoN bxfeIaF jF rwK idwqIaF. ieh krm rcnfqmk sLkqI df KLfs krqwv sI.’ pRoPYsr hksly df ieqrfjL sI ik rcnfvfdIaF dI ies Dfrnf dI pusLtI leI koeI rvfieq jF dYvI sMdysL nhIN imldf. ieh ivcfr kudrq dI ivafpk smrUpqf dy Ault hY. dUjy bMny jy asIN ies klpnf nUM leIey ijhVI iksy vI smyN rihMdIaF AupnslF nUM PLrjL krdI hY aqy kihMdI hY ik ieh AupnslF pUrv-hoNd dIaF AupnslF dI DImI gqI nfl hoeI suDfeI df nqIjf hY qF vI Auh klpnf aYsI hY ijhVI sfbq nhIN kIqI geI pr hux qwk dI isrPL iewkoiewk klpnf hY ijs nUM srIr ivigafn smrQn idMdf hY. AupnslF dI hoNd ieh dwsdI hY ik suDfeI dI mfqrf, ijhVI ijAuNdy jIvF ny Bugoilk smyN (Bugoilk smyN dI KLfs skyl hY ijhVI imlIan sflF duafrf igxI jFdI hY) aMdr hfsl kIqI, qbdIlIaF dIaF sfrIaF lVIaF dy mukfbly ivwc bhuq QoVHI hY.’ zf[ hUkr ny afpxI ikrq ‘ientrozksLn tU d afstRylIan Plorf’ (afstRylIaf dI bnspqI nfl jfx-pCfn) 1859 ivwc pRkfsLq kIqI. ies ivwc Auh AupnslF dI AuWqr-AuqpqI aqy suDfeI dI scfeI nUM mMndf hY aqy keI mOlk inrIKxF rfhIN ies isDFq dI pusLtI krdf hY. byysLwk pUrv dfrsLinkF dIaF ikrqF ivwc keI sLMky sn, iPr vI zfrivn qoN pihlF dy dfrsLinkF ny kuJ sLkqIsLflI nukqy idwqy. bxfAutI cox rfhIN pflqU psLUaF aqy pOidaF dIaF AupnslF ivwc ivkfs hoieaf. ipwCoN zfrivn ny vI ies dI mhwqf kbUlI. ierYsms hoNd leI GolL aqy mfdfvF dI afpsI mukfblybfjLI df ijLkr krdf hY ijs nUM bfad ivwc Aus dy eysy poqy zfrivn ny ‘ilMgI cox’/sYksLUal sIlYksLn df nF idwqf ijhVf hornF kfrnF dy nflL ivkfsvfd leI afpxf Xogdfn pfAuNdf hY. PfislF df vI irkfrz imldf hY ijhVf AupnslF dy lop ho jfx dI gvfhI Brdf hY. iewk pRkfsLk, rfbrt cyNbr ny iewk ikqfb ‘vYsitijjL afP krIeysLn’ (rcnf dy pRmfx/insLfn) pRkfsLq kIqI. ies ikrq ny ivkfsvfd Dfrnf df aDfr bxfAuNidaF iliKaf ik kdIm kfl qoN afDuink smyN qwk dIaF Bugoilk qihaF qoN imldy Pfisl DImI gqI nfl huMdy ivkfs dy insLfn drsfAuNdy hn. sMqfn dI AuqpqI ivwc smyN dI cfl dOrfn qbdIlIaF afeIaF aqy AupnslF df ivkfs hoieaf. Auprokq ikqfb dy ivsLy ny Dfrmk Kyqr ivwc gLuwsy dI lihr pYdf kr idwqI. afksPorz dy pRoPYsr aYzm sYWjivk ny ikhf, “jy ieh ikqfb TIk hY qF mjLHb iewk JUT hY; mnuwKI knUMn mUrKqf df plMdf hY aqy GtIaf byiensfPLI hY; nYiqkqf bkvfs hY; aqy afdmI aqy aOrq isrPL cMgy psLU hn.” rYvrz byzn povYWl ny afpxI ikrq ‘aYsyjL afn XUintI afP vrlz’/sMsfr dI eykqf bfry lyK ivwc ‘rcnf dy drsLn’ nUM bVI AusqfdI nfl iliKaf. Auh ilKdf hY ik nvIaF AupnslF bfkfiedf cmqkfr hY, bykfiedf nhIN. so, ieh sI ‘afirijn afP spIsLIjL’ dy pRkfsLq hox qoN pihlF df mfhOl. BU ivigafn aqy PfislF dy aMg-pRbMD df aiDaYn ivkfsvfd bfry qrk pysL krn leI bhuq jLrUrI sI. zfrivn dI kfmXfbI vI eysy kfrn hoeI ik Aus ny bIgl dy sPLr dOrfn BU ivigafnI dy qOr `qy kMm kIqf aqy KLfs qOr `qy ‘mUMgy dIaF ctfnF (korl rIP) dI bxqr’ df isDFq GiVaf. aTfrHvIN sdy dy ipClyry pwK aqy AunHIvIN sdI dy muZlyy pwK ivwc BU igafn aqy Pfisl igafn, ivigafn df drjf hfsl kr gey. PLrFs df jfrj kUvIar pRiswD anYtoimst/srIr rcnf ivigafnI sI aqy ieMglYNz df sr cfrls lfiel msLhUr BU ivigafnI sI. sr cfrls lfiel BU ivigafnI zfrivn df muwK srpRsq sI. ‘afirijn afP spIsLIjL’ dy pRkfsLq hox `qy ies dy iKLlfPL vfvylf KVHf ho igaf. ivroDIaF ivwc ibsLp ivlbrPors, BU ivigafnI ihAU imlr, ieMglYNz df pRiswD srIr rcnf ivigafnI (anYtoimst) sr ircrz Evn afid dy nF KLfs qOr `qy lY jfey skdy hn. muwK dosL ieh lfieaf jFdf sI ik ‘afirijn’ df aDfr ikafs hY, QoQI klpnf hY jF PLrjLI mnOq hY, pirklpnf hY. iPr vI nOjvfn ivigafnIaF ny ‘afirijn’ df suafgq kIqf. kuJ vI hoieaf, zfrivn iewk dhfky mgroN mfnXog ivigafnI igixaf jfx lwg ipaf. Auh pRiswD nOjvfn jIv ivigafnI bx igaf. jrmnI, amrIkf aqy ibRtn dy mfnqf pRfpq ivigafnIaF ny zfrivn dy isDFq nUM apxf ilaf. zfrivn ny afm lokF dy idlF ivwc afpxI QF bxf leI. ieh smiJaf jfx lwg ipaf ik DrqI rwb dI vizafeI nhIN hY. zfrivn ny mnuwK dI nyVqf bfkI dI rcnf nfl joV idwqI. Aus ny mnuwK aqy kudrq ivcfly Bfvk irsLqf qoV idwqf. keIaF df iKLafl hY ik zfrivn ny nf pUrf hox vflf nuksfn kIqf. mnuwK ruwKy bRihmMz df ihwsf bx igaf ijs ivwc Bfvkqf lop hY. ieh isDFq mnuwKI afcfr df koeI Qhu-isr nhIN dwsdf. mnuwKI nYiqk duicwqIaF bfry cuwp hY. ies qrHF zfrivn dy isDFq ny ivsLfl bOiDk sMkt pYdf kr idwqf. AunHIvIN sdI dy aKLIrly Bfg ivwc zfrivn dy isDFq nUM ‘d srvfeIvl afP d iPwtYst/jIvq hI XOgqm hY’ nfl joV idwqf igaf. ijnHF ny ieh isDFq svIkfr kr ilaf, AuhnF ny zfrivn dy isDFq ‘kudrqI cox’ nUM qrwkI df aDfr bxf ilaf bysLwk zfrivn qrwkI bfry ikqy nhIN boldf. Auh qF hflfq anusfr Zwlx dI gwl krdf hY. prMqU zfrivn dy isDFq qoN nvyN arQ kwZ lY gey ijs nfl ivakqIaF ivcfly, ivcfrF ivcfly, nslF ivcfly, sLRyxIaF ivcfly aqy eysy qrHF keI hor hflfq ivcfly ByVH sLurU ho igaf. mukfblybfjLI vwD geI. arQ gol-mol kr idwqy gey. AunHIvIN sdI dy aKLIr ivwc aqy vIhvIN sdI dy muwZ ivwc ieh PfrmUlf keI hor KyqrF ivwc vI vriqaf jfx lwg ipaf. gLulfmF dI qjfrq vwD geI. eysLIaf, aPLrIkf aqy sLFq mhFsfgr dy ielfikaF ivwc vsdy pCVy lokF nUM isKfieaf igaf ik AuhnF df gorI kOm dI gLulfmI krnf jLrUrI hY. ies qrHF zfrivnvfd aqy ivkfsvfd bylgfmI sLbd bx gey. zfrivn qF ies ivcfr dy Ault pRBfv idMdf hY. Aus df isDFq mfnvI prvfr dI sjIvI eykqf pysL krdf hY. zfrivn ny ivkfsvfd dIaF bihsF ivwc kdy vI ‘survfeIvl afP d iPwtYst’ dy hwk ivwc smrQn nhIN idwqf. ‘d srvfeIvl afP d iPwtYst/jIvq hI XOgqm hY’ dy isDFq zfrivn qoN pihlF hI cwl rhy sn aqy zfrivn AuhnF isDFqF df sRoq nhIN hY. spYnsr ‘d srvfeIvl afP d iPwtYst/jIvq hI XOgqm hY’ dy isDFq df bhuq vwzf smrQk sI. mukfblybfjLI ivwc kmjLor df KUMjy lwgxf ibRjvftr anusfr rwb dI iewCf ikhf igaf. mfrks aqy aYNgljL ny sLRyixk jMg leI zfrivnvfd nUM brfbr df ihwsydfr ikhf. mfrks dy ‘dfs kYpItl’ dy aMgryjLI aYzIsLn nUM zfrivn dy mfx ivwc smrpx kIqf igaf prMqU zfrivn ny ieh mfx lYx qoN ienkfr kr idwqf. ‘d srvfeIvl afP d iPwtYst/jIvq hI XOgqm hY’ dy ivcfr ny ieMglYNz ivwc hrbrt spYnsr aqy vfltr byjhft, afstRylIaf ivwc luzivg gmploivjL, rUs ivwc ipRMs kropftikn aqy amrIkf ivwc gRfhm smr dIaF ilKqF AuWqy asr pfieaf. ies isDFq ny AunHIvIN sdI dy ipClyry ihwsy ivwc iQEzr rUjLvYlt aqy ibRitsL sfmrfjvfdIaF nUM afpxy vwl iKwc ilaf. ‘jMg pYdfiesLI loV hY.’ pihlI ivsLv jMg qoN pihlF ieh ivcfr jrmn dy PLOjI aqy rfjnIqk ivcfrvfnF df sI. nslvfd, kOMm-pRwsqI aqy sYimitk (sfmI aqy XhUdI afid) ivroDI ivcfrDfrf nOjvfn ihtlr aMdr Gr kr geI. prMqU zfrivn ny afp afpxy isDFq nUM smfijk sMdrB ivwc lfgU krn leI hfmI nhIN BrI. hksly ny sfPL qOr `qy ies ivcfr df KMzx kIqf. ivsLv dIaF donoN vwzIaF jMgF ny AupjfqIaF df ivkfs qF kI krnf sI blik AuhnF df bIj nfs hI kr idwqf. ies kfrn zfrivn isDFq df ies ZMg nfl lfgU krnf iZwlf pY igaf. lok TIk pfsy socx leI ruicq ho gey. mnuwKI buwDI dy ivkfs hox nfl, Aus ivwc igafn nUM stor krn aqy Aus nUM sMcfr krn dI sLkqI af geI sI. ies dy iswty kfrn ivkfsvfdI ivsLflqf ivwc BivK dy kMtrol krn df nvF arQpUrn pwK sLfml ho igaf. iesfeI mq ivwc ikqy-ikqy ies isDFq dI ivroDqf hY prMqU ivkfsvfd dI afm ivroDqf nhIN hY blik ies nUM hjLm kIqf jfx lwg ipaf hY. grYgr mYNzyl dIaF ikrqF 1865 aqy 1866 ivwc pRkfsLq hoeIaF. mYNizlIan jYinitks (ivrsf) isDFq anusfr jInjL sMqfn AuqpqI kMtrol krdy hn aqy aYn Esy qrHF sMcfr kIqy jFdy hn ijnHF ivwc koeI rlfvt nhIN huMdI. ies AuprMq 1890ivaF ivwc jYinitks ivigafn ny hor ivkfs kIqf aqy ivrsy dy imsLrn nfl juVIaF aOkVF df hwl kwiZaf prMqU zfrivn nUM ies isDFq df koeI lfB nhIN sI. mYNizlIan jYinitks (ivrsf) isDFq AuWqy iPr ivcfr kIqI geI. ies ny zfrivn dy isDFq ivkfsvfd ivwc kudrqI cox dy aml nUM hor vI Gtf idwqf. prMqU 1930ivaF ivwc mYNizlIan jYinitks (ivrsf) aqy zfrivnIan nYcrl sIlYksLn (kudrqI cox) df isDFiqk qOr `qy sumyl kr idwqf igaf ik vfXUmMzl iks qrHF sMXugq jInF nUM kMtrol krdf hY? jIn df pRBfv imsLrq jInF dy anukUl huMdf hY. imsLrq jIn kudrqI cox duafrf kMtrol huMdy hn. Auprokq sumyl kfrn zfrivn df ivkfsvfd jIv ivigafn ivcfrDfrf dI muwK Dfrf ivwc iPr sQfipq ho igaf. ‘afirijn afP spIsLIjL’ dy Xuwg rcdy lwCx nUM afDuink jIv ivigafn ivwc mfnqf pRfpq ho geI. zfrivn ivcfrDfrf pRikrqk jgq nUM smJx leI inwgr ihwsf pfAux lwg ipaf. zfrivn dI ikrq ‘afirjn afPL spIsLIjL’ dI sLYlI ivvfdI nhIN hY. Aus df ilKx ZMg sLFq, qrkmeI, hlImI-BrpUr aqy sOKf hY prMqU idRVHqf-pUrbk afpxy afsLy vwl lgfqfr Ausrdf jFdf hY. Aus ny kdy nhIN cfihaf ik iksy nUM koeI coB mfrI jfey. bysLwk ‘afirjn afP spIsLIjL’ ivvfd KVHf krn vflI ikqfb sI prMqU zfrivn df ies ikqfb nUM ilKx ivwc aijhf koeI insLfnf nhIN sI ik Auh mjLHb dy iKLlfPL ilKy. zfrivn iewk sLrIPL pr idRVH pRikrqIvfdI sI. ivkfsvfd Aus df qrksLIl pRiswD isDFq hY ijhVf ivsLv Br dy ivigafnIaF dI soc nUM bVHfvf dy irhf hY.
dljIq isMG, aYzimMtn Pon: (780) 989-2977 email: drakhra29@hotmail.com pMCIaF dy gOx ilMgI lwCx (zfrivn dI pRiswD ikqfb ‘izsYNt afPL mYn’ ivwc idwqy zfrivn dy ivcfr sMKyp rUp ivwc) dljIq isMG, aYzimMtn Pon: (780) 989 - 2977
pMCIaF ivwc gOx ilMgI lwCx ijLafdf vMn-svMny aqy spsLt huMdy hn. Auh mfdf nUM kMT sMgIq jF sfjLI sMgIq nfl mugD krdy hn. AuhnF df suhwpx keI iksmF dIaF klgLIaF, JflrF (glL koloN ltkdf mfs), AuBfrF, isMgF, hvf nfl BrIaF QYlIaF, isr AuWqy AuWgIaF bodIaF, KMBF dIaF nMgIaF zMzIaF, prF aqy sfry srIr ivwcoN inkldy suMdr lMmy-lMmy KMBF, nfl sijaf huMdf hY. cuMJ, isr dy duafly nMgI cmVI awqy KMB aksr BVkIly rMg dy huMdy hn. nr keI vfr afpxy nfc nfl, jF DrqI AuWqy jF hvf ivwc klolF kr ky pRym-lIlHf rcfAuNdy hn. iewk imsfl imldI hY ik nr ksqUrI dI sugMD kwZdf hY. asIN kih skdy hF ik Auh mfdf nUM iKwc pfAux jF AuksfAux vfsqy kwZdf hY.
msk zwk vYtl - glL qoN Qwly nUM ltkdf mfs (Jflr)
imstr rYmjLy afstRylIaf dy msk zwk (iewk iksm dI bqk) bfry ilKdf hY ik nr grmI dy mhIinaF ivwc ijhVI KLusLbU Cwzdf hY, Esy sYks qwk hI sImFq rihMdI hY. keI jIvF ivwc ieh KLusLbU sfrf sfl rihMdI hY. ieh KLusLbU ilMgI myl dy mOsm ivwc aYnI qyjL huMdI hY ik pMCI dy idsx qoN bhuq icr pihlF hI mihsUs hox lwg pYNdI hY. gwl kI, pMCI sfiraF psLUaF nfloN bhuq ijLafdf suhjvfdI huMdy hn pr mnuwK nUM Cwz ky. pMCI suMdrqf leI AuhI rucI rwKdy hn ijhVI rucI mnuwK rwKdy hn. ies gwl dI pusLtI sfzf anMd hY ijhVf asIN pMCIaF dI cihchfht aqy AunHF dy sur-sMgIq qoN mihsUs krdy hF. aOrqF BfvyN swiBaf hox jF aswiBaf, donoN hI KMB lY ky afpxy isrF ivwc sjfAuNdIaF hn ijs ivwc ng lwgy huMdy hn. eysy qrHF aOrqF KLfs pMCIaF dIaF JflrF (vYtl) isrF ivwc sjfAuNdIaF hn. mnuwK jdoN ijLafdf swiBaf ho jFdf hY, Auh afpxIaF guMJldfr BfvnfvF dI qrjmfnI afpxy bODk ivcfrF duafrf krdf hY. zfrivn ilMgI guxF dI crcf krn qoN pihlF donoN sYksF ivcfly kuJ PLrkF bfry ijLkr krdf hY ijnHF df kfrn AuhnF dIaF ijLMdgIaF dIaF rihx-sihx dIaF afdqF hn. ieh PLrk nIvyN drjy dIaF psLU sLRyxIaF ivwc imldy hn. Aucyry drjy dIaF sLRyxIaF ivwc ieh PLrk Gwt hI imldy hn.
gfAuNdy pMCI (himMg pMCI) ieAUjLtIPYnws imstr gOlz ilKdf hY ik icwlI dys dy jOn PrnfzyjL tfpUaF (dwKxI sLFq mhFsfgr ivwc tfpUaF df iewk Cotf ijhf smUh) ivwc gfAuNdy pMCIaF dI nsl, ieAUjLtIPYnws ivwc nr aqy mfdf hn ijnHF dIaF cuMJF ivwc mfmUlI ijhf PLrk idKfeI idMdf hY. iehnF pMCIaF dI sLRyxI ivwc iewk hor nsl hY ijnHF ivwc nr dI cuMJ kMnI dy nfl-nfl dMdydfr hY aqy isry AuWqy jf ky muVI hoeI hY. ies qrHF ieh cuMJ mfdf dI cuMJ nfloN PLrk rwKdI hY. eysy qrHF inAUjLIlYNz dy inEmorPf ivwc donoN sYksF dIaF cuMJF ivwc bhuq ijLafdf PLrk hY. ho skdf iehnF PLrkF df kfrn kudrqI cox hovy jF nrF dI afpsI twkrbfjLI duafrf cuMJF ivwc suDfeI ho geI hovy aqy bfad ivwc AuhnF dI ijLMdgI ivwc bdlIaF hoeIaF afdqF hox. lVfeI dy nym krIb sfry nr pMCI JgVflU huMdy hn. lVfeI ivwc Auh cuMJF, KMBF aqy lwqF dI vrqoN krdy hn. rfibn (lfl icVIaF) aqy afm icVIaF nUM hryk bsMq ruwq ivwc lVidaF dyK skdy hF. pMCIaF ivwc himMg pMCI sB nfloN Coty pMCI hn. ieh pMCI sB nfloN ijLafdf JgVflU hn. lVfeI ivwc ieh pMCI cuMJF PV lYNdy hn. KLUb GumfAuNdy hn jdoN qwk ik iewk jxf DrqI AuWqy izwg nhIN pYNdf aqy mr nhIN jFdf. aYWm[ moNtIjL zI Ecf ilKdf hY ik himMg pMCIaF dy do nr hvf ivwc sKLq ByV qoN ibnF Gwt hI imldy hn. jy iewk ipMjry ivwc qfVy hox qF Auh lV-lV iewk dI jIB pfV idMdy hn. jLKLmI pMCI iPr Kf nhIN skdf aqy aMq mr jFdf hY.
glInUlf glorops ruP vyzrjL ilKdf hY ik glInUlf glorops (jl pMCI) jdoN joVIdfr bx rhy huMdy hn, EdoN mfdf pMCI nUM hfsl krn leI nr pMCIaF dI pRcMz lVfeI huMdI hY. Auh pfxI ivwc iswDy afkV ky KVH jFdy hn aqy iewk dUjy AuWqy pYr mfrdy hn. lyKk ilKdf hY ik Aus ny dovF nUM awDf GMtf lVidaF dyiKaf. aMq iewk ny dUjy df isr PV ilaf. Aus ny mfr dyxf jy AuhnF nUM lVidaF htfieaf nf jFdf. mfdf cuwp-cfp sfrf smF lVidaF nUM dyKdI rhI. ruP jfnvr aqIaMq lVfkf hY. ies dy nr pMCI hr rojL lgfqfr iewk QF AuWqy iekwTy hox lwg pYNdy hn ijwQy mfdf pMCI ny aFzy dyxy huMdy hn. eyQy ieh sKLq lVfeI lVdy hn. iewk dUjy dIaF cuMJF PVdy hn aqy afpxy KMBF nfl mfr krdy hn. grdn dy duafly KMBF dI gfnI KVH jFdI hY. ieh pMCI leI Zfl df kMm krdI hY. ies gfnI df rMg bhuq gUVHf huMdf hY aqy Auh gfnI Aus pMCI dI KLUbsUrqI vI huMdI hY. sfry JgVflU pMCIaF dI qrHF, ieh vI lVn leI iqafr rihMdy hn. jdoN iewk QF AuWqy nr pMCI nyVy huMdy hn qF iewk dUjy nUM jfnoN mfrn qwk jFdy hn. montYgU ilKdf hY ik bsMq ruwq ivwc iehnF dI lVn rucI qyjL ho jFdI hY. AuhnF dI grdn dy KMB Aus smyN pUry jobn wqy huMdy hn. AuhnF ivwc QoVHI ijhI vI hlcl AuhnF ivcfly jMg CyV idMdI hY.
kYrInf moskftf (ksqUrI bqk) pYlIkn- mwCI mfr gIafnf ivwc kYrInf moskftf (ksqUrI bqk) dy nrF ivwc bwcy dyx dy mOsm ivwc KLUnKLfr lVfeI huMdI hY. ijwQy ieh lVfeIaF huMdIaF hn, EQy diraf iehnF pMCIaF dy KMBF nfl Biraf ipaf huMdf hY. qkVf pYlIkn mfVy pYlIkn nUM Bjf idMdf hY. Aus dI vwzI cuMJ nUM qoV idMdf hY aqy afpxy KMBF nfl mfr krdf hY. keI pMCI lVdy hI nhIN. ies bfry aOzUbon XU[aYWs[ dy cwkI-rhuixaF (ipks aOryts) dI imsfl idMdf hY. keI pMCIaF dy nr mfdfvF nfloN sfeIjL ivwc vwzy huMdy hn. nr ny vwzf sfeIjL bhuq sfrIaF pusLqF dOrfn afpxy ivroDI AuWqy ijwqF hfsl krn dy nqIjy kfrn pRfpq kIqf huMdf hY. afstRylIaf ivwc nr-bqk isnklorYNPs krUrYils mfdf bIjLIAUrf nfloN sfeIjL ivwc dugxf huMdf hY. keI QfvF AuWqy dyiKaf igaf hY ik mfdfvF ny nrF nfloN afpxf sfeIjL vwzf hfsl kIqf huMdf hY. ies df kfrn ieh ilaf jFdf hY ik Auh mfdfvF dUjIaF mfdfvF AuWqy ijwq hfsl kr ky afpxy mn BfAuNdy nr pRfpq krdIaF hn.
pMCI dIaF KLfrF (nhuMdrF/spwrjL) pflqU jfnvrF dI sLRyxI nfl sMbMD rwKx vfly pMCIaF, ijhVy bhu-mfdf rwKx vfly huMdy hn, lVn vfsqy KLfs hiQafr rwKdy hn ijs nUM KLfr/nhuMdr kihMdy hn. ies hiQafr nfl dusLmx AuWqy mfrU hmlf kIqf jFdf hY. kuwkV lVdy smyN iehnF KLfrF dI KuwlH ky vrqoN krdy hn. kyprkYlI aqy blYk kuwkV donoN hI bhu-mfdfvF rwKx vfly pMCI hn. ieh KLfs nIXq QF AuWqy keI hPLiqaF qoN iekwTy hox lwg pYNdyy hn aqy iewk dUjy nfl lV ky afpxI bhfdrI df idKfvf mfdfvF mUhry krdy hn. zblIXU[ kovflvskI dwsdf hY ik rUs ivwc ‘sLfhI kuwkV lVfeIaF’ ivwc Aus ny kuwkV-aKfiVaF ivwc KLUn nfl BrIaF brPLF dyKIaF hn. AuhnF dy KMB hr pfsy iKMzy pey huMdy hn. aYlzr (jyTf) bRihm jrmnI ivwc blYk kuwkVF dy pRym-nfcF aqy pRym gIqF bfry ajIb ibafn krdf hY. pMCI lgfqfr ajIb iksm df sLor pfAuNdf hY. Auh afpxI pUC AuqFh cuwkdf hY, hwQ-pwKy dI qrHF PYlfAuNdf hY. afpxy sfry KMBF nUM KVHf kr ky afpxy isr aqy grdn nUM AuqFh cuwkdf hY aqy afpxy prF nUM PYlf lYNdf hY. iPr Auh awz-awz pfisaF nUM tpUsIaF mfrdf pwb puwtdf hY. keI vfr cwkr kwZdf hY. afpxI cuMJ dy Qwly dy ihwsy nUM DrqI nfl aYnI sKLqI nfl dbfAuNdf hY ik Aus dI TozI dy KMB iGsV jFdy hn. iehnF nfc-cflF dOrfn Auh afpxy KMB mfrdf gol-gol twpdf hY. ijMnI ijLafdf Aus ivwc qyjLI afAuNdI hYY, EnI ijLafdf Aus ivwc qrMg idKfeI idMdI hY. aMq Auh pMCI dIvfnf ho jFdf hY. Auh ies nfc ivwc aYnf mgn ho jFdf hY ik Aus nUM kuJ nhIN idKfeI idMdf aqy bolLf ho jFdf hY. ies smyN ies nUM hwQF nfl PVnf sOKf huMdf hY. ieh coj krn ipwCoN nr afps ivwc lVn lwg pYNdy hn. jyqU blYk kfk afpxy ivroDIaF AuWqy afpxI qfkq df idKfvf krn leI svyr mOky keI QfvF AuWqy jFdf hY. afAuNdy sflF ivwc vI AuhI smyN blYk kfkF (kuwkVF) dy ieh nfc hmysLF huMdy hn. mor afpxy lMmy pUMJy nfl sUrbIr nfloN ijLafdf CYl-CbIlf idKfeI idMdf hY pr keI vfr Auh pRcMz mukfblf vI krdf hY. iehnF pMCIaF dy afm qOr AuWqy iewko KLfr huMdI hY pr pflIplYktron nsl dy morF dy iewk qoN vwD KLfrF huMdIaF hn. afm qOr AuWqy KLfrF nrF dy huMdIaF hn. mfdf dy arMiBk ijhI hoNd huMdI hY. ikhf jf skdf hY ik KLfr nr hox dI insLfnI hY. dUjy gOx ilMgI lwCxF dI qrHF Esy Aupnsl ivwc KLfrF dIaF keI iksmF imldIaF hn. ieh KLfrF igxqI aqy ivkfs ivwc PLrk rwKdIaF hn. keI hMs-pMCIaF dIaF KLfrF AuhnF dy prF ivwc huMdIaF hn. prF ivwc KLfrF rwKx vfly iehnF pMCIaF ivwc nrF dIaF KLfrF mfdfvF nfloN vwzIaF huMdIaF hn. ieh nr afpxIaF KLfrF lVfeI ivwc vrqdy hn. ilivMgston df kihxf hY ieh pMCI afpxy bwicaF dI rwiKaf leI iehnF KLfrF dI ijLafdf vrqoN krdy hn.
pYlfmIzI pYlfmIzI dy hryk pr ivwc KLfrF df joVf huMdf hY. iehnF dIaF KLfrF aYnIaF iBafnk huMdIaF hn ik Auh kuwqy nUM mfr ky Aus nUM cON-cON krdy nUM Bjf idMdIaF hn. ies qrHF iehnF pMCIaF dIaF bhuq iksmF hn. nr afm qOr AuWqy mfdf hfsl krn leI lVdy hn aqy KLfrF dI vrqoN krdy hn. ieh vI koeI jLrUrI nhIN ik mfdf hfsl krn vfsqy lVfeI kIqI jfey. iehnF ivwc nr keI iksmF dIaF KLUbsUrqIaF nfl sjy huMdy hn aqy ieh KLUbsUrqIaF sMqfn AuqpqI mOsm ivwc ijLafdf BVkIlIaF ho jFdIaF hn. nr iehnF KLUbsUrqIaF dI pRdrsLnI mfdf sfmHxy krdy hn. Auh keI iksmF dy gIqF, sMgIqF aqy klolF rfhIN vI mfdf nUM BrmfAuNdy hn. keI vfr AuhnF dI pRym lIlHf bhuq lMmI ho jFdI hY. ieh kihxf gLlq hovygf ik mfdfvF nrF dIaF iKwcF qoN byprvfh huMdIaF hn jF ieh ik Auh jyqU mUhry gozy tykx leI mjbUr huMdIaF hn. sgoN ieh gwl TIk lwgdI hY ik Auh nrF dI lVfeI dy pihloN jF ipwCoN Auksfht ivwc af jFdIaF hn aqy axBol hI AuhnF nUM cfhux lwg pYNdIaF hn.
tYtrfE aMbYlws tYtrfE aMbYlws bfry iewk inrIKk dwsdf hY ik nrF dI lVfeI iewk ZONg hY. nr isrPL afpxy duafly iekwTIaF hoeIaF mfdfvF nUM idKfAuuNdy hn ik Auh dUijaF nfloN qkVy hn. Aus df kihxf hY ik Aus ny jyqU pMCI nUM kdy lMgVf nhIN dyiKaf aqy nf hI tuwty KMBF vflf. Auh XU[aYWs[ ivwc tYrfE ikAUpIzo bfry dwsdf hY ik bIsIEN nr iewk KLfs QF AuWqy iekwTy ho jFdy hn aqy mtk-mtk qurdy hn qy sfry vfqfvrn nUM KLfs iksm dIaF AuWcIaF avfjLF nfl Br idMdy hn. iksy iewk mfdf dy pihly bol AuWqy nr qyjLI nfl lVn lwg pYNdy hn. kmjLor Bwj inkldf hY. EzUbon anusfr jyqU aqy pRfijwq donoN mfdf lwBdy hn. mfdf pihlF cox kr lvy nhIN lVfeI iPr iCV pYNdI hY pr jdoN mfdf ids pYNdI hY sfry pfglF dI qrHF Aus dy mgr nwT pYNdy hn. svr sMgIq aqy sfjLI sMgIq pMCI avfjLF rfhIN keI Bfv pRgt krdy hn ijvyN duwK, zr, ijwq, jF isrPL KLusLI. keI vfr ieh zr dy Bfv pYdf krn KLfqr afvfjLF huMdIaF hn ijvyN pMCIaF dy bot (bhuq inwky bwcy ijhVy hfly aflHixEN bfhr nhIN hoey) PuMkfry dI avfjL kwZdy hn.
nfeIt hYrn (bgly dI iksm) EzUbon ibafn krdf hY ik Aus ny nfeIt hYrn jfnvr Gr ivwc pflqU rwiKaf hoieaf sI. jdoN ibwlI afAuNdI sI qF Auh afpxy afp nUM luko lYNdf sI pr Aus dy jfx mgroN bhuq BYBIq avfjL kwZdf sI. kuwkV murgLI leI aqy murgLI kuwkV leI ajIb kuV-kuV dIaF avfjLF kwZdy hn jdoN AuhnF nUM kuJ suafdlI cIjL Kfx leI lwB pYNdI hY. murgLI aFzy dyx mgroN aijhI avfjL kwZdI hY ijs ivwc Aus dI afpxI KLusLI pRgt huMdI hY. keI smfjI jfnvr iewk-dUjy nUM mdd leI pukfrdy hn. jdoN Auh drKLqF AuWqy AuzfrIaF mfrdy hn qF Auh iewk dUjy nUM cUM-cUM dIaF avfjLF nfl AuWqr dy ky iewk smUh ivwc iekwTf rihMdy hn. hMsF/kUMjF jF jl-pMCIaF dI rfq smyN pRvfs krn dOrfn mUhry afgU dI avfjL df AuWqr ipwCoN qoN klYNg (iewk qrHF dI avfjL) dI avfjL nfl imldf hY. jfnvrF dIaF keI cIkF zr dIaF sUcnf idMdIaF hn. isLkfrI lok ieh cIkF jfxdyy hn. iehnF cIkF nUM jfnvrF dIaF AuhI AupnslF smJdIaF hn. afpxy dusLmx AuWqy ijwq hfsl krn ipwCoN pflqU kuwkV bFg idMdf hY aqy gfAuNdy pMCI (hwimMg pMCI) cIN-cIN krdy hn. sMqfn AuqpqI dy mOsm ivwc jfnvr ajIb avfjLF kwZdy hn. Auh mfdf nUM iKwc pfAuNdy hn jF Aus nUM bulfAux df qrIkf hY. pRikrqIvfdIaF ivcfly pMCIaF dy gIqF bfry awz-awz ivcfr hn. mOntYgU df kihxf hY ik nr pMCIaF dy gIq mfdf nUM lwBx vfsqy nhIN huMdy. Auh iksy ivsLysL QF AuWqy bYT jFdy hn aqy pUry jLor nfl afpxf gIq gfAuNdy hn. mfdf pMCI mUl pRivrqI (iensitMkt) rfhIN Aus gIq nUM jfxdI hY. mfdf afpxf sfQI cuxn vfsqy EQy afAuNdI hY. bYcstIn, ijs ny sfrI Aumr pMCI rwKy, dwsdf hY ik mfdf icVI sYNkiVaF ivwcoN afpxf sfQI cuxdI hY ijhVf sB nfloN vDIaf gfAuNdf hY. keI pRikrqIvfdI kihMdy hn ik pMCIaF df gfAuxf KLfs qOr AuWqy lfg-zft aqy rsLk (brfbrI) kfrn huMdf hY. gIq sfQI bxfAux dI iKwc leI nhIN huMdy. keI pMCIaF dI gfAuNdy-gfAuNdy PyPVy dI nfVI Pwt jFdI hY aqy mr jFdy hn. imst vIar df mMnxf hY ik nr pMCI aksr gIqF dy mOsm ivwc ivwc acfnk mr jFdy hn. gfAux df sMbMD ipafr nfl nhIN hY. kYnrI tfpUaF dy keI dogly nsl dy bFJ pMCI sLIsLy ivwc afpxI qsvIr dyK ky gfAuNdy hn aqy ies ivwc af-af vwjdy hn. jy Auh mfdf nfl iewk ipMjry ivwc rwKy hox qF Auh mfdf AuWqy hmlf krdy hn. lgfqfr gfAux vfly pMCI nUM vDIaf pMCI igixaf jFdf hY. ieh kihxf vI gLlq nhIN ho skdf ik pMCI afpxI KLusLI leI gfAuNdy hn. gfAuxf iewk klf hY aqy aqy aiBafs rfhIN ies nUM ivksq kIqf jf skdf hY. pMCIaF nUM keI surF isKfeIaF jf skdIaF hn. pMCI afpxy mfipaF aqy guaFZIaF dy gIq gfAuxy iswK jFdy hn. bVI ajIb gwl hY ik Coty pMCI TIk qrHF gfAuNdy hn. pr afstRylIaf ivwc mYsUrf nsl dy pMCI dI gwl awz iksm dI hY. Auh trkI pMCI (murgLI vrgf) nfloN sfeIjL ivwc awDf hovygf. Auh dUjy pMCIaF dy gIqF dI sFg lfAuNdf hY. Auh afp vI bhuq suMdr gfAuNdf hY aqy keI iksmF dIaF surF kwZdf hY. ies nsl dy nr pMCI iewk QF AuWqy iekwTy ho jFdy hn. Auh morF dI qrHF afpxIaF pUCF nUM AuWqFh cuwk lYNdy hn aqy PYlf lYNdy hn qy iPr gfAuNdy hn. AuhnF dy pr Qwly nUM Juky huMdy hn. afm ieh dyKx ivwc afieaf hY ik cMgf gfAux vfly pMCIaF dy rMg BVkIly nhIN huMdy aqy nf hI AuhnF dy srIr ivwc koeI sjfvtF huMdIaF hn. ieMglYNz dy pMCIaF ivwc buwliPMc aqy golziPMc nUM Cwz ky gfAuNdy pMCI sfdf rMg dy huMdy hn. lwgdf ik gUVf rMg aqy gfAux dI sLkqI iewk dUjy df bdl hn. jy nr pMCI dy KMB BVkIly nhIN hn, cmkdfr nhIN hn qF Aus kol mfdf nUM iKwcx vfsqy surIlI avfjL huMdI hY.
tYrfE ikAUpIzo keI pMCIaF ivwc donoN sYksF dy svr aMgF (vokl afrgnjL) ivwc bhuq PLrk huMdf hY. tYrfE ikAUpIzo nr pMCI dy glL dy duaflLy do bfhr inklIaF, sMqrI rMg dIaF QYlIaF huMdIaF hn. AuqpqI dy mOsm ivwc jdoN ieh nr dUr qwk suxI jfx vflI avfjL kwZdf hY qF Aus dIaF ieh QYlIaF hvf nfl Br jFdIaF hn. nr zwzU dy mUMh dy hryk pfsy vI ies qrHF dIaF hvf QYlIaF huMdIaF hn. aOzUbon df qkrbf hY ik jdoN pflqU jfnvr dI iewk QYlI nUM ivMinHaf igaf qF Aus dI avfjL bhuq Gwt geI. jdoN donoN QYlIaF CydIaF geIaF qF avfjL iblkul KLqm ho geI. ies qoN sfPL jLfhr huMdf hY ik pMCI dI avfjL iehnF jMqrF Bfv QYlIaF nfl juVI hoeI sI. mfdf pMCI dy vI ies qrHF dIaF CotIaF idsdIaF QYlIaF huMdIaF hn pr AuhnF ivwc hvf nhIN BrdI. iqwqr/Bitwqr vrgf ieMglYNz/skftlYNz df grfAUjL nsl df pMCI jdoN mfdf pMCI nfl ipafr lIlHf ivwc mgn huMdf hY qF Aus smyN Auh idsdI pIlI Bojn nlI nUM hvf nfl asDfrn Pulf lYNdf hY aqy keI iksmF dIaF GroVvIaF, zUMGIaF aqy KoKlIaF avfjLF kwZdf hY. grdn dy vflL KVHy ho jFdy hn, pr Qwly nUM Juwk jFdy hn aqy DrqI AuWqy vwjdy hn, aqy Aus dI lMmI nukIlI pUC hwQ-pwKy vFg PYl jFdI hY. mfdf dI Bojn nlI koeI KLfs iksm dI nhIN huMdI. XUrp df nr pMCI Eits tfrzf aqy Aus dIaF cfr AupnslF dI glL dI vwzI QYlI AuqpqI dy mOsm smyN AuhnF dy bolF df ihwsf huMdI hY. dwKxI amrIkf ivwc iewk kF vrgf pMCI sYPloptIrs ErnYits hY. Aus dI grdn dy nfl-nfl lMmf pqlf golfkfr mfs df gOx aMg hY aqy Auh aMg sMGxy KMBF nfl Zikaf hoieaf hY. ieh iewk sjfvt vI hY aqy bolx df jMqr vI. ieh aMg Puwl jFdf hY jdoN pMCI anoKI zUMGI, AuWcI aqy lMmI bMsrI dI sur lgfqfr jfrI rwKdf hY. afm qOr wqy ieh anumfn lfAuxf aOKf huMdf hY ik AuqpqI dy mOsm ivwc nr pMCIaF dIaF ajIb cIkF aqy gIq mfdf nUM moh lYx vfsqy huMdy hn jF ik Aus leI bulfvf huMdy hn. ieh vI ho skdf ik nr pMCIaF dIaF AuWcIaF avfjLF AuhnF dy svr aMgF dI lgfqfr vrqoN dy jwdI pRBfv df nqIjf hovy. hux qwk pMCIaF dIaF avfjLF dI crcf kIqI geI hY prMqU nr mfdf nUM rIJfAux smyN sfjLI sMgIq (ienstrUmYNtl imAUijLk) dI vI vrqoN krdy hn.
brzjL afPL pYrfzfeIs mor aqy brzjL afPL pYrfzfeIs (igwnI tfpUaF dy pMCIaF dy KLfs nslF df prvfr) afpxy KMBF dIaF zMzIaF KVkfAuNdy hn. trkI-kuwkV afpxy prF nUM DrqI nfl rgV ky avfjL pYdf krdy hn. AuWqrI amrIkf df tYtrfE aMbIlws pMCI afpxI ipwT AuWqy pr mfrdf hY aqy lwgdf hY ik dUroN ikqoN grj dI avfjL afeI hYY. mfdf ies qrHF dI koeI avfjL nhIN kwZdI pr AuWz ky EQy phuMcdI hY ijwQy nr pMCI avfjL pYdf kr irhf huMdf hY. eysy qrHF ihmflIaF phfV dy keI pMCI prF duafrf grj vrgI avfjL pYdf krdy hn. aPLrIkf dy pwCmI qwt AuWqy Coty kfly ibjVy iksy KuwlHI QF AuWqy JfVIaF AuWqy iekwTyy ho jFdy hn aqy afpxy pr hvf ivwc QrQrf ky Auzdy hoey GUkr dI avfjL pYdf krdy hn aqy gfAuNdy hn. ies qrHF ivsLv dy anyk pMCIaF dIaF imsflF imldIaF hn. AuprlIaF imsflF qoN pqf lwgdf hY ik pMCI srIr dI mOjUdf bxqrF qoN avfjLF pYdf krdy hn pr keI pMCI hn ijnHF dy KMB dI suDfeI KLfs avfjLF pYdf krn vfsqy hoeI huMdI hY. iewk lMmI cuMJ vflf pMCI skflopYks gulInYgo hY. ieh pMCI ilMgI-myl dy mOsm ivwc krIb iewk hjLfr PLuwt AuWcf AuWz jFdf hY. kuJ icr aYDr-EDr gyVy kwZx ipwCoN DrqI vwl nUM iqrCf AuWqrdf hY. Aus ny afpxI pUC PYlfeI huMdI hY. Aus dy KMB QrQrf rhy huMdy hn aqy Aus dI AuWqrn dI rPLqfr hYrfnIjnk huMdI hY. ies smyN Auh Zol dI zwg-zwg, imaF-imaF, ihxkx, jF grj dIaF AuWcIaF avfjLF pYdf krdf hY. imstr mYvIs df inrIKx hY ik ies pMCI dI pUC dy hryk pfsy bfhrly KMB KLfs ZMg dy bxy huMdy hn aqy juVy huMdy hn ijs duafrf Auh Zol dI zwg-zwg df sLor pYdf krdy hn. ieh KMB nr aqy mfdf dovF dy huMdy hn prMqU nr dy afm qOr AuWqy ijLafdf lMmy huMdy hn. ies qrHF XU[ aYWs[ aqy dunIaF dy dUjy BfgF ivwc aijhy pMCI imldy hn ijnHF dy KMBF dI suDfeI hoeI huMdI hY aqy Auh asmfn qoN qyjLI nfl AuWqrdy hoey KLfs iksm dI GUkr duafrf alwg-alwg avfjLF pYdf krdy hn. imstr sklytr anusfr iprf aqy mYnfikn nr pMCIaF dIaF keI AupnslF dy KMBF dI bhuq hYrfnIjnk suDfeI hoeI huMdI hY. iehnF pMCIaF ivwc pI[zYlIsIEsf df ijLkr afAuNdf hY. ieh Coty pMCI ivsLysL iksm dIaF avfjLF df sLor kwZdy hn. AuqpqI dy mOsm dOrfn bhuq sfry pMCIaF dy nrF duafrf svr aqy sfjLI sMgIq dIaF kwZIaF iksm-iksm dIaF avfjLF, aqy aijhIaF avfjLF kwZx dy iksm-iksm dy qrIky byhwd sLfndfr huMdy hn. ies qrHF sfzy aMdr ieh ivcfr pYdf huMdf hY ik ilMgI mMqvF leI iehnF avfjLF dI ikMnI mhwqf hY? asIN smJ skdy hF ik pihlF-pihlF pMCI ny ieh gIq bulfvy leI vrqy jF koeI hor mMqvF leI. iPr ieh gIq ivkfs kr ky surIly pRym-gIq bx gey. suDfeI hoey KMBF, ijnHF duafrf Zol dy zwigaF, sItIaF, jF grjF dIaF avfjLF pYdf kIqIaF geIaF, bfry asIN jfxdy hF ik pRym-lIlHf smyN pMCI ibnF suDfeI kIqy KMBF nUM PVPVfAuNdy hn, JtkfAuNdy hn, jF KVkfAuNdy hn. mfdf srIr AuWqy mjLbUq, jF sMGxy, jF bVy mhIn KMBF vfly pMCI nUM cuxdI hY. ho skdf hOlI-hOlI iehnF KMBF dI iksy hwd qwk vI suDfeI ho geI hovy. mfdf qF avfjLF nUM pCfxdIaF hn. AuhnF nUM smyN-smyN KMBF dIaF sLklF ivwc huMdIaF qbdIlIaF nfl koeI srokfr nhIN. pRym coNcly aqy nfc AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc AuqpqI dy mOsm smyN bhu-igxqI ivwc grfAUjL (vx iqwqr/Bitwqr) iewk cuxI QF AuWqy hr svyr iekwTy huMdy hn aqy pMdrF-vIh PLuwt ivafs (gol cwkr ivwc sYNtr nUM afr-pfr krdI lfeIn) dI gulfeI ivwc Bwjdy hn. DrqI prIaF df aKfVf lwgx lwg pYNdI hY. isLkfrI ies nUM pfrtirj (iqwqr) nfc kihMdy hn. pMCIaF df nfc awz-awz iksm ivwc huMdf hY. keI gulfeI ivwc Kwby vwl ho ky nwcdy hn qy keI swjy vwl.
hYrn aOzUbon ibafn krdf hY ik hYrn (bglf, bwgf, sfrs) sLRyxI df nr jdoN afpxIaF lMmIaF lwqF nfl mfdf sfmHxy bVI sLfn nfl nwc irhf huMdf hY qF Auh afpxy sLrIk pMCIaF nUM nIvF idKf irhf huMdf hY. ies qrHF anyk iksm dy nr pMCI mfdf pMCIaF sfmHxy bhuq iksmF dy coNcly krdy hn. nwcdy hn, twpdy hn, AuzfrIaF mfrdy hn, tpUsIaF mfrdy hn afid.
bfvr (twprI) bfvr mfdf bfvr nr afstRylIaf dy pMCIaF ivwc bfvr pMCIaF dI khfxI bhuq ajIb hY. ieh pMCI pRym lIlHf rcfAux leI DrqI AuWqy bfvr (iewk iksm dI koTVI) bxfAuNdy hn. iehnF df aflHxf drKLq AuWqy huMdf hY. iehnF ivwc bfvr bxfAux dI ajIb mUl pRivrqI (iensitMkt) hY. ieh pMCI jLrUr pRcIn nslF dI aOlfd hoxgy. Auh pRfcIn nslF bfvr bxfAux dI klf dy mfhr hoxgIaF. donoN ilMg pMCI bfvr bxfAux vfsqy iewk dUjy dI mdd krdy hn bysLwk vwzf kfrIgr nr huMdf hY. ieh koTVI KMBF, GoigaF, hwzIaF aqy pwiqaF nfl sjI huMdI hY. imstr stryNj syitn bfvr pMCIaF dIaF afdqF ibafn krdf hY. Auh ilKdf hY ik Aus ny inAU sfAUQ vyljL ivwc icVIafGr bxfieaf hoieaf sI. keI vfr nr bfvr mfdf bfvr dy mgr nwTdf sI, bfvr ivwc jFdf sI, koeI suMdr KMB jF vwzf pwqf cuwkdf sI, ajIb iksm df gIq gfAuNdf sI, afpxy sfry KMBF nUM iswDy-slot KVHy kr lYNdf sI, bfvr dy afl-duafly Bjdf sI, Auh bhuq BVk jFdf sI. Auh iewk pr nUM lgfqfr KuwlHf rwKdf sI qy iPr dUjf, lMmI sItI dI sur kwZdf sI. kuwkV dI qrHF DrqI qoN cuMJ nfl kuJ cugdf sI. afKLr mfdf bfvr DIry-DIry Aus kolL phuMc jFdI sI. kYptn stoks vI gryt bfvr pMCIaF dIaF afdqF aqy Kyl GrF bfry ibafn krdf hY. iehnF GrF ivwc donoN sYks Kyzdy hn, afpxy-afp nUM prcfAuNdy hn, coNcly krdy hn. iehnF bfvr GrF nUM bxfAux vfsqy Auh bhuq imhnq krdy hn. ieh bfvr Gr krIb cfr PLuwt lMmy, awT ieMc AuWcy aqy qIilaF nfl bxy AuWcy plytPLfrm AuWqy Ausry huMdy hn. sjfvt jFglI aqy swiBaf kOmF dy afdmI afpxy-afp nUM sohxf bxfAux leI bxfAutI gihixaF nfl sjfAuNdy hn. eysy qrHF pMCI kudrqI ighixaF nfl sohxf bxdy hn. pMCIaF dy sohxF bxn df muwK QF isr huMdf hY. isr dy sfmHxy aqy ipwCly ihwsy AuWqy KMB keI iksmF dIaF sLklF dy AuWgy huMdy hn. keI vfr Auh KMB iswDy KVHy ho jFdy hn jF iKMz jFdy hn. ies qrHF hox nfl AuhnF KMBF df rMg inwKr ky bfhr af jFdf hY. keI pMCIaF dy kMnF dIaF suMdr iltF huMdIaF hn. gwl kI AuhnF dy isr, glL wqy dfVHI, JflrF afid dIaF KLUbsUrqIaF huMdIaF hn. ieh gOx-aMg afm qOr AuWqy gUVHy rMg dy huMdy hn. ieh pMCIaF dy gihxy huMdy hn. keI vfr ieh sfzIaF awKF nUM sohxy nhIN vI lwg skdy. pr jdoN nr pMCI mfdf pMCI nfl pRym-lIlHf ivwc mgn huMdf hY qF ieh aMg aksr AuBr afAuNdy hn aqy afpxI Bfh sfPL-sfPL dyx lwg pYNdy hn. zf[ mfrsLl df ibafn hY ik alwg-alwg iksmF dy aMgF ivwc PLrkF df ivkfs ilMgI cox duafrf huMdf hY. pMCI dy srIr dy sfry BFgF ivwc KMB inkl afAuNdy hn. glL aqy CfqI dy KMB keI vfr suMdr iltF bx jFdIaF hn. pUC dy KMBF dI lmfeI vwD jFdI hY. aPLrIkf dy nfeItjfr pMCI dI afp dI lmfeI isrPL ds ieMc huMdI hY pr AuqpqI dy mOsm ivwc ies dy muZly prF dy KMB CwbI ieMc qwk vwD jFdy hn. ies qrHF dyiKaf igaf hY ik iewko iksm dy rldy-imldy nr pMCIaF dy sjfvtI aMg bhuq iksmF dy KMBF dy ivkfs kr jfx kfrn vwD jFdy hn. ieh vI ajIb gwl hY ik KLfs sLRyxIaF dIaF nslF dy KMBF dI suDfeI (pirvrqn/adlf-bdlI) krIb-krIb iblkul iewko ZMg nfl huMdI hY. pMCIaF dy ieh KLUbsUrq aMg ijLMdgI Br rihMdy hn pr keI vfr mOsmI vI huMdy hn. mOsmF anusfr rMgF ivwc adlf-bdlI huMdI rihMdI hY aqy aMg vDdy-Gtdy rihMdy hn. nr pMCIaF duafrf afpxy KMBF dI pRdrsLnI nr pMCIaF dy sjfvtI aMg BfvyN pwky hox jF asQfeI, nr iehnF nUM mfdf nUM BrmfAux leI vrqdy hn. keI vfr ieh vI dyiKaf igaf hY ik nr pMCI leI jLrUrI nhIN ik Auh mfdf sfmHxy hI afpxy suhwpx dI pRdrsLnI kry. Auh ’kwilaf vI idKfvf krdf hY. Auh ieh smJdf hY ik Aus nUM koeI dyKy BfvyN sUr hox jF murgLIaF. ies qrHF krn dI afdq mor dI hY. sfry pRikrqIvfdI ies gwl AuWqy sihmq hn ik nr afpxI KLUbsUrqI df idKfvf kr ky KLusL huMdy hn. aOzUbon, imstr gOlz, zf[ jrzon afid df mMnxf hY ik nr pMCI ies qrHF kr ky mfdf pMCIaF nUM mohdy hn.
rUpIkolf BfrqI jMglF df msLhUr KLUbsUrq pMCI rUpIkolf hY. ajIb qrHF dy Coty KMBF vflf sMqrI rMg df nr pMCI hY. mfdf pMCI df rMg brfAUn-hrf huMdf hY ijs ivwc lfl rMg df sLyz huMdf hY aqy Aus dI klgLI CotI huMdI hY. sr afr[ skombrgk iehnF pMCIaF dI pRym-lIlHf ibafn krdf hY: Aus ny iewk QF AuWqy ds nr aqy do mfdfvF dyKIaF. QF cfr-pMj PLuwt ivafs (zfieafmItr, gol cwkr ivwc sYNtr ivwc dI lMGdI isiraF nUM imlfAuNdI lkIr) df hoxf hY. QF sfPL ieAuN idKfeI pYNdf sI ijvyN Gfh dI hryk iqVH kwZ idwqI geI hovy. QF pwDrf aYnf sI ijvyN iksy mnuwKI hwQ ny kIqf hovy. iewk nr nwc irhf sI. lwgdf sI ik Auh dUijaF nUM KLusL kr irhf hY. afpxy pr KolHdf sI qy afpxy isr AuWpr suwtdf sI. afpxI pUC hwQ-pwKy dI qrHF iKlfrdf sI. iPr Auh AuCldf hoieaf, mtk-cfl cwldf Qwk igaf. Aus ny kuJ avfjL kwZI. ies ipwCoN Aus dI QF hor pMCI ny lY leI. ies qrHF iqMn pMCIaF ny vfrI-vfrI ihwsf ilaf. AuprMq afpsI slfh nfl arfm krn leI ipwCy hwt gey. eysy qrHF iewk drjn dy krIb nr pMCI iksy drKLq AuWqy iekwTy ho jFdy hn. eyQy Auh aYDr-EDr Auzdy hn. afpxy suMdr KMB AuWpr cuwkdy hn aqy AuhnF nUM ihlf ky avfjLF pYdf krdy hn. sfrf drKLq Prkdy KMBF nfl Biraf jfpx lwg pYNdf hY. EQy vsdy jFglI lok kihMdy hn ik ieh jfnvrF dI nfc pfrtI hY. pMCIaF df iewk inrIKk, ijhVf iehnF pMCIaF dy keI joVy rwKdf huMdf sI, df kihxf hY ik nr pMCI mfdf pMCI nUM KLusL krn leI ies qrHF dI pRdrsLnI krdy hn. ijhVy pMCI bhuqy sohxy nhIN huMdy, Auh vI pRym krn smyN idKfvf krdy hn jo kuJ AuhnF kol huMdf hY. buliPMc pMCI mfdf kol afpxI CfqI ivwc hvf Br ky PYlfAuNdf hY aqy Aus nUM afpxy ikrmcI KMB idKfAuNdf hY. ies qoN ielfvf Auh afpxI kflI pUC mroVdf hY qy JukfAuNdf hY. eysy qrHF nr cYPiPMc mfdf sfmHxy KVH ky afpxI lfl CfqI kwZ ky idKfAuNdf hY. ibRitsL bMitMg ijLafdfqr sfPL rMg dy huMdy hn. bsMq ruwq ivwc nr rIz bMitMg pMCIaF dy isrF dy KMB suMdr kfly rMg dy ho jFdy hn. pRym-lIlHf mOky ieh KMB iswDy KVHy ho jFdy hn. ies qrHF hor ielfikaF dy pMCIaF dIaF imsflF imldIaF hn. pMCI jfxdy hn ik mfdf ivwc iKwc pYdf krn leI AuhnF nUM kI qrIkf aKLiqafr krnf cfhIdf hY? iewko nsl dy nr pMCI iewko qrHF nfl idKfvf krdy hn. lwgdf ieAuN hY ik pihlF-pihl Auh afpxI iewCf anusfr krdy hn pr ipwCoN ieh iewCf mUl pRivrqI (jmFdrU iewCf) bx jFdI hY. jdoN ieh gux mUl pRivrqI bx jFdf hY, Aus smyN pMCIaF ivwc hMkfr vI af jFdf hY.
pYlL pfAuNdf mor mor jdoN pYlL pf ky nwcdf hY qF Aus df ieh ikrdfr mfx aqy GmMz df sUck bixaf idKfeI pYNdf hY. nr pMCIaF dy keI suMdr aMg AuhnF leI bhuq mhwqf rwKdy hn ikAuNik AuhnF ny iehnF nUM Auzfx jF dOVn smyN peIaF bhuq vwzIaF rukfvtF df mukfblf kr ky hfsl kIqy huMdy hn. ilMgI-myl dy mOsm ivwc aPLrIkn nfeIt jfr pMCI dy muZly prF dy KMB bhuq lMmy ho jFdy hn. ieh KMB AuhnF pMCIaF dI Auzfx ivwc rukfvt pfAuNdy hn, nhIN qF iksy hor smyN Auh pMCI bhuq qyjL Auzdy hn. ijnHF pMCIaF dI Auzx sLkqI ivwc rukfvt af jFdI hY, AuhnF nUM isLkfrI jfnvrF dy isLkfr ho jfx df bhuq ijLafdf zr ho jFdf hY. ieh vI ajIb gwl hY ik ijnHF pMCIaF nUM lVn leI KLfs aMg imly huMdy hn, Auh bhuq lVfky bx jFdy hn. Auh keI vfr afps ivwc lV ky mr jFdy hn. ies qrHF Auh afpxy iehnF suMdr aMgF qoN duwK Bogdy hn. kuwkV-bfjL afpxy kuwkVF dy DOx dy KMB CFg idMdy hn. AuhnF dIaF klgLIaF aqy JflrF nUM kwt idMdy hn. iehI suMdr aMg AuhnF kuwkVF dI mOq df kfrn bxdy hn. lVfeI smyN kuwkV iehnF aMgF nUM PV ky lhU-lhfn krdy hn aqy afpxf dusLmx mfr idMdy hn. ies dy bfvjUd kuwkVF dIaF klgLIaF, JflrF, KMBF dy rMg afid AuhnF dI KLUbsUrqI hn. jMg ivwc sPlqf nfloN iehnF aMgF dI AuhnF leI bhuq mhwqf hY. dljIq isMG, aYzimMtn Pon: (780) 989 - 2977 Email: drakhra29@hotmail.com>
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