Edi Jan 2010

bIqy hPqy Bfrq dy pRDfn mMqrI zf: mnmohn isMG sfAUdI arb dy srkfrI dOry `qy gey sn ijwQy AuhnF df bfdsLfh Kfild kOmFqrI hvfeI awzy `qy inwGf aqy byimsfl svfgq kIqf igaf sI. sPLfrqI rvfieq (protokol) nUM qoVidaF sfAUdI arb dy bfdsLfh abduwlf ibn abduwl ajIjL afpxy iqMn BrfvF aqy smuwcI kYbint smyq hvfeI awzy `qy mnmohn isMG dy svfgq leI phuMcy sn.

sfAUdI arb iek ieslfimk dysL hY aqy aksr pfiksqfn df krIbI dosq smiJaf jFdf hY. ieh bIqy 26 sflF ivwc iksy BfrqI pRDfn mMqrI dI pihlI sfAUdI arb PyrI sI. sfAUdI arb dy bfdsLfh abduwlf sfl 2006 ivwc Bfrq Xfqrf `qy afey sn aqy bfdsLfh abduwlf dI Bfrq PyrI ipwCoN pRDfn mMqrI dI sfAUdI arb dI Xfqrf df pRogrfm lgBg cfr sfl ipwCoN bixaf hY. zf: mnmohn isMG df sfAUdI arb ivwc lf-imsfl svfgq aMqrrfsLtrI pwDr `qy Bfrq dy vwD rhy pRBfv aqy zf: mnmohn isMG dy siqkfr df pRqIk hY.

sfl 2006 ivc bfdsLfh abduwlf dI Bfrq PyrI ipwCoN dovF dysLF ivckfr AUrjf Kyqr ivwc sihXog kfPI viDaf hY aqy sfl 2008 ivc sfAUdI arb dI Bfrq nUM brfmd eIrfn qoN vI awgy lMG geI hY aqy ieh Bfrq nUM kwcy qyl splfeI krn vflf muwK dysL bx igaf. sfAUdI arb ny ikhf hY ik Auh Bfrq nUM slfnf kwcy qyl dI cfr kroV mItrk tn dI splfeI krygf ijs nfl Bfrq dy qyl soD kfrKfinaF dI vD rhIaF loVF dI pUrqI krn ivc mdd imlygI. ieh Brosf pYtrolIam qy kudrqI gYs bfry mMqrI murlI idEVf dI sfAUdI arb dy kudrqI gYs qy pYtrolIam mMqrI alI ibn iebrfhIm al-inafmI ivckfr hoeI mItMg dOrfn idwqf igaf. ieMJ sfAUdI arb Bfrq nMU kwcy qyl dI splfeI duwgxI kr dyvygf ijs dI Bfrq dI pRPulwq ho rhI afriQkqf nMU sKLq loV hY.

sfAUdI arb Bfrq df cOQf sB qoN vwzf vpfrk BfeIvfl bx igaf hY aqy dovF pfisaF qoN slfnf lwgBwg 25 arb zflr df vpfr huMdf hY. PyrI dOrfn zf[ mnmohn isMG ny ikhf ik KfVI dy dysL hryk Kyqr ivc sfzy kudrqI BfeIvfl hn. KfVI sihXog kONisl dy hryk dysL ivc sB qoN vwD igxqI `c BfrqI vsy hoey hn. sfnUM vpfrk kfrobfr smuwcy Kyqr ivc iml ky krnf cfhIdf hY. sfAUdI arb ivc 18 lwK BfrqI rih rhy hn. pRDfn mMqrI ny ikhf hY ik dovF iDrF nUM iswiKaf aqy muhfrq ivkfs vrgy nvyN KyqrF ivc sihXog dI sMBfvnf df vI pqf lfAuxf cfhIdf hY ijnHF dI dovyN dysLF leI muZlI mhwqqf hY.

sfAUdI cYNbr afP kfmrs aqy ieMzstrI dI kONisl ivKy vpfrk nyqfvF nUM sMboDn kridaF zf: isMG ny ikhf ik asIN mOjUdf smyN smfijk qbdIlI dy dOr ivwcoN gujLr rhy hF. ipCly kuJ sflF dOrfn sfzI afriQk ivkfs dr 9 PLIsdI rhI hY. ivsLv dI dUsrI sB qoN qyjL afriQkqf Bfrq kol vwzI nOjvfn sLkqI aqy vwzf bfjLfr hY. sfAUdI arb dy AudmIaF nUM Bfrq ivc invysL krn df swdf idMdy hoey pRDfn mMqrI ny ikhf ik Bfrq ivc invysL dy vwzy mOky hn aqy Bfrq ivwc Tos aqy nvInqm inwjI Kyqr hY. ipCly sfl ivsLv afriQk sMkt aqy dysL ivc mOnsUn dI bfrsL Gwt pYx kfrn Bfrq dI ivkfs dr nUM Dwkf lwgf hY pr hux inrmfx Kyqr ivc ivkfs nfl moVf pYx dy sMkyq iml rhy hn.

zf[ mnmohn isMG ny ikhf ik BfrqI kMpnIaF sfAUdI arb dy qyl aqy gYs Kyqr dy pRfjYktF ivc sLmUlIaq krn leI pUrI qrHF sfjo sfmfn aqy qknflojI nfl lYs hn. bfdsLfh abdulf ibn abdul ajLIjL al sOd nfl gwlbfq krn qoN pihlF AunHF ikhf ik sfnUM sfP suQrI qknflojI aqy sFJy sihXog nfl nvyN aqy nivafAuxXog AUrjf dy Kyqr ivc nvIN BfeIvflI kfiem krnI cfhIdI hY.

sfAUdI arb ny ikhf hY ik sfAUdI vpfrIaF nMU Bfrq dy mltIpl vIjLy idwqy jfxy cfhIdy aqy AuhnF nMU afpxy Coty aqy mwD vrgI vpfrk adfry pRPulq krn vfsqy BfrqI mdd dI loV hY.

ies dOry dOrfn Bfrq aqy sfAUdI arb ny hvflgI sMDI smyq 10 smJOiqaF nUM aMiqm rUp idwqf hY. pRDfn mMqrI ny bfdsLfh abduwlf abdul ajLIjL alI sOd nfl mulfkfq smyN aPgfinsqfn ivclI siQqI aqy awqvfd dy Kqry smyq vwK-vwK KyqrF `c sihXog bfry ivcfr vtFdrf kIqf. dovF dysLF ny awqvfd nMU dunIaF dI amn sLFqI vfsqy KLqrf qslIm kIqf.

Bfrq dI sfAUdI arb ivwc ienvYstmYNt 2 iblIan zflr qwk puwj geI hY aqy Bfrq 500 dy krIb sFJy pRfjYktF ivwc BfeIvfl hY. kwcy qyl df mwqpUrn splfier hox dy nfl 18 lwK BfrqIaF dIaF syvfvF `qy inrBr aqy AuhnF nMU rujLgfr dyx vflf dysL Bfrq vfsqy bhuq mhwqqf rwKdf hY. zf: mnmohn isMG dI ies PyrI nfl Bfrq aqy sfAudI arb sbMDF ivwc hor nyVqf afeI hY ijs nfl dovF dysLF nMU lfB hovygf. aMqr rfsLtrI pwDr `qy vI dovF dysLF ivckfr sihXog vDygf.

bIqy sfl amrIkf dI PyrI smyN lf-imsfl svfgq qoN bfad sfAUdI arb dI sPl Xfqrf nfl zfktr mnmohn isMG dI sKLsLIaq hor vI cmkI hY. 'rIzrj zfiejYst' rsfly vwloN krvfey gey iek srvyKx ivwc pRDfn mMqrI zf: mnmohn isMG nUM Bfrq df sB qoN vwD BrosyXog rfjnIqk dwisaf igaf hY. zf: mnmohn isMG dI igxqI dunIaF dy cotI dy nyqfvF ivc kIqI jFdI hY jo Bfrq aqy iswKF, dovF leI hI bhuq mfx vflI gwl hY. jI-20 isKr sMmyln ies sfl torFto ivwc hox jf irhf hY ijs ivwc zf: mnmohn isMG sLfml hoxgy aqy ieh sQfnk ieMzo-knyzIan BfeIcfry vfsqy bhuq mfx vflI gwl hovygI.

pfiksqfn ivwc qfilbfn ieslfimk kwtVpMQIaF ny kihr mcfieaf hoieaf hY aqy AuhnF dI qfkq idn bf idn vD rhI hY. aPLgfinsqfn aqy pfiksqfn ivwc amrIkf aqy sihXogI dysLF dIaF POjF dI mjUdgI dy bfvjUd vI qfilbfn kwtVpMQIaF nMU Twl nhIN pfeI jf skI. ivdysLI dbfE hyT pfiksqfnI POj vloN aPLgfn bfrzfr dy njLdIk ivwZI geI POjI muihMm vI qfilbfn nMU kfbU krn ivwc asPl rhI hY.

pfiksqfnI srkfr aqy POj, qfilbfn kwtVpMQIaF nMU amrIkf qoN mflI aqy POjI mdd pRfpq krn vfsqy bhfny vjoN vrq rhI pRqIq huMdI hY. jy qfilbfn kwtVpMQI KLqm kr idwqy jFdy hn qF hor POjI aqy mflI mdd mMgx df koeI bhfnf nhIN rih jfvygf. aqy jy qfilbfnF dy iKlfPL koeI kfrvfeI nf kIqI jfvy qF amrIkf mdd nhIN dyvygf aqy bhuq qfkqvr hoey qfilbfn pfiksqfn `qy kbjLf vI kr skdy hn ies leI qfilbfn nMU kdy kdy kuwtdy rihxf aqy KLqm vI nf krnf pfiksqfnI POj, KuPIaf qMqr aqy srkfr dI afpUM shyVI mjbUrI bx igaf hY.

iswtf ieh inkl irhf hY ik pfiksqfn ivwc afey idn bMb Dmfky aqy afqmGfqI hmly huMdy hn ijhnF ivwc hr mhIny sYNkVy byksUr sLihrI afpxIaF jfnF gvF bYTdy hn. srkfr js kfrvfeI krdI hY qF lokF nMU sLFq rwKx aqy ivdysLI qfkqF df mUMh rwKx vfsqy hI krdI hY, qfilbfn kwtVpMQIaF dy mukMml Kfqmy vfsqy nhIN krdI.

qfilbfn kwtVpMQI pfiksqfn dIaF Gwt igxqIaF vfsqy hor vI mfrU sfbq hoey hn. pfiksqfn dy iswK, ihMdU aqy eIsfeI qfilbfnF qoN KOPLjLdf hn aqy afpxy Gr bfhr Cwz ky jF qF pfiksqn Cwz rhy hn aqy jF pfiksqfn ivwc hI kuJ surwiKaq QfvF `qy jF rhy hn. isrPL pfik ihMdU, iswK aqy eIsfeI hI qfilbfnF qoN BYBIq nhIN hn hux qF pfiksqfn dy aihmdIaf muslmfn aqy sLIaf muslmfn vI qfilbfn kwtVpMQIaF qoN zrdy hn aqy aksr hmilaF df isLkfr huMdy hn. qfilbfn kwtVpMQI suMnI muslmfn hn aqy dihsLqgrd sMgTn al kfiedf dy gurBfeI hn. al kfiedf aqy ies df afgU Esfmf ibn lfidn suMnI muslmfnF ivwc hor vI kwtVpMQI smJy jFdy vhfbI sMprd nfl sbMDq hn jo gYr vhfbIaF nMU Kfils muslmfn nhIN smJdy aqy gYr muslmfnF nMU qF brdfsLq krn vfsqy vI iqafr nhIN hn.

al kfiedf ny BfvyN amrIkf aqy pfiksqfn dI KuPIaf eyjMsI afeI aYs afeI dI mdd nfl Es smyN qfkq PVI sI jd amrIkf vloN aPLgfinsqfn ivwc sovIaq rUs nMU hrfAux vfsqy mujfhdIn pYdf kIqy gey sn. pr qfilbfn isDy qOr `qy pfik KuPIaf eyjMsI afeI aYs afeI dI pYdfvfr hn ijs ny sovIaq rUs dy aPLgfinsqfn ivwcoN cly jfx ipwCoN qfilbfn nMU ies hwd qwk mdd idwqI ik aPLgfinsqfn dy bhuqy ihwsy `qy qfilbfn kwtVpMQIaF df kbjLf ho igaf.

qfilbfnF dy rfjkfl ivwc hI Bfrq df hvfeI jhfjL agvfh kr ky aPLgfinsqfn dy sLihr kMDfr ivwc Auqfiraf igaf sI, iek suafrI df kql kr ipwCoN BfrqI jylL ivwc kYd dihsLqgrdF nMU jhfjL Cwzx bdly irhfa krvf ilaf igaf sI. qfilbfnF dy rfjkfl ivwc hI bymIafn sUby ivwc phfVF nMU qrfsL ky bxfey gey hjLfrf sfl purfxy mhfqmf buwD dy buwq bfrUd nfl Auzf idwqy gey sn. iehnF klf ikrqF nMU bcfAux vfsqy dunIaF Br dIaF apIlF df qfilbfnF `qy koeI asr nhIN sI hoieaf. qfilbfnF dy rfjkfl ivwc hI aPLgfinsqfn dy ihMduaF aqy iswKF nMU afpxy GrF dy drvfjLy aqy afpxy srIr `qy gYr-muslmfn hox dy icMnH vjoN rMgdfr kwpVf bMnx df hukm cfiVHaf igaf sI aqy keI sLihrF ivwc murdy PUkx `qy pfbMDI lgf idwqI geI sI. iswtf aPLgfinsqn ivwcoN lwKF ihMduaF aqy isKF dy AujfVy ivwc inkilaf aqy hux qfilbfn ieiqhfs nMU pfiksqfn ivwc iPr duhrf rhy hn.

qfilbfnF dy rfjkfl ivwc hI aPgfn bwcIaF aqy aOrqF `qy GrF ivwc iekly bfhr inklx, nOkrIaF krn, GrF qoN bfhr kMm krn aqy skUlI ividaf hfsl krn `qy pfbMdI lgfeI geI sI. qfilbfnF dy rfjkfl ivwc hI aPLgfinsqfn ivwc ryzIE, tIvI, iPLlmF, gfxy, imAUijLk, nwcx, gfAux afid `qy pfbMdI lgfeI geI sI. eyQy hI bws nhIN mrdF nMU dfhVIaF kwtx aqy Puwtbfl vgYrf Kyzx vfsqy vI inkrF pfAuxf ivvrjq kr idwqf igaf sI.

kdy ies iksm dI Drm aDfirq kwtVpMQI lihr BfrqI pMjfb ivwc vI pYdf hoeI sI ijs ny Bfrq qoN vwK hox vfsqy eysy iksm dy jLulm df shfrf ilaf sI ijs ivwc PrOqIaF aqy kql afm huMdy sn. smfj suDfr dy nfm `qy Kfs iksm dy kpwVy pihnx jF nf pihnx dy hukm vI cfhVy gey sn. pr pMjfb ivwc jd lok qMg af gey sn qF aMq nMU ies lihr nMU PYslfkun hfr dy idwqI geI sI.

hux pfiksqfn ivwc vI lokF dy mUz ivwc kuJ qbdIlI vyKx nMU iml rhI hY. amrIkf vloN srhwdI Kyqr ivwc dihsLqgrdF `qy bhuq sfry zron hmly kIqy jf rhy hn ijhnF df sLurU ivwc bhuq ivroD ho irhf sI. iehnF hmilaF ivwc afm lokF df vI aksr glqI nfl nuksfn ho jFdf hY ijs df lfB AuTf ky qfilbfnF dIaF PrMt sMsQfvF aksr amrIkf iKLlfPL ros ivKfvy krdIaF sn. hux jd pfik lokF ny qfilbfn kwtVvfd df mnhUs ichrf vyK ilaf hY qF ajyhy ros mujLfhiraF ivwc kmI af geI hY. hr dysL aqy hr Drm ivwc hI kuJ kwtVpMQI lok huMdy hn pr qfilbfn Dfrimk kwtVvfd dI isKr hY ijs qoN iensfnIaq nMU KLqrf hY.

qfilbfn kwtVvfd qoN pfiksqfn dI hoNd aqy slfmqI nMU vI Kqrf hY. pfiksqfnI hfkmF nMU ies KLqry dy tfkry vfsqy Bfrq df aMnf ivroD iqafg dyxf cfhIdf hY aqy Bfrq df sihXog lYx aqy sihXog dyx df rsqf aKiqafr krnf cfhIdf hY.

agvfh kIqy gey ivakqIaF aqy pirvfrF nfl pUrI hmdrdI hox dy bfvjUd ies gwl df pUrf iDafn rwKxf cfhIdf hY ik qfilbfn kwtVpMQIaF nMU PrOqI jF jjLIaf adf krnf ajyhIaF hor drdnfk GtnfvF nMU jnm dy skdf hY. vsUlI geI PrOqI horF nMU agvfh krn, kql krn aqy knyzIan sLFqI imsLn nMU nuksfn phuMcfx vfsqy vrqI jf skdI hY.

kYnyzf df rIal astyt Kyqr ies smyN AuBfr ivwc hY aqy sMsfr pwDrI mMdI kfrn kmjLor pY cuwkI afriQkqf nMU hulfrf dyx ivwc aihm Xogdfn pf irhf hY. rIal astyt Kyqr iek ajyhf Kyqr hY ijs `qy afriQkqf dy bhuq sfry hor Kyqr inrBr krdy hn. rIal astyt Kyqr ivwc qyjLI jF mMdI df dysL dI afriQkqf `qy iswDf asr pYNdf hY. ieh amrIkf df rIal astyt Kyqr hI sI ijs ivwc afeI igrfvt kfrn dunIaF ivwc mMdI df dOr sLurU hoieaf sI aqy drjnF bYkF dIvflIaf hox dy iknfry puwj geIaF sn. amrIkf dy keI PfienYNsLl adfry qF dIvflIaF ho vI gey sn aqy jo bcy sn Auh srkfrI mdd nfl hI bcfey gey sn.

amrIkf df rIal astyt Kyqr keI sfl amrIkf dI afriQkqf ivwc AuBfr df kfrn vI bixaF irhf sI. ies AuBfr df lfB lflcI ienvYstrF, swtybfjLF, bYNkF, trswt kMpnIaF, mfrgyj adfiraF, ivcoilaF aqy afm lokF ny ies hwd qwk ilaf sI ik gwl “dfhVI nfloN muwCF vwzIaF hox” vflI ho geI sI. lokF dy mfrgyj dy krjLy AuhnF dy GrF aqy hor pRfprtIaF dI kImq nfloN ikqy vwD gey sn. mfrgyj inXm eyny nrm kr idwqy gey sn ik lok ibnF kuJ zfAUn idwiqaF hI pRfprtIaF KrIdI jf rhy hn. hflq qF ies hwd qwk awpV geI sI ik lok ibnF zfAUn pYmYNt qoN pRfprtI vI KrId lYNdy sn aqy vfDU kImq ilKvf ky mfrgyj ivcoN kuJ kYsL vI pRfpq kr lYNdy sn. jd ryq df ieh mhwl izigaf qF hfhfkfr mc geI aqy amrIkf smyq dunIaF dI afriQkqf mUrsLq ho geI.

bIqy sfl dOrfn dunIaF dI pwDr `qy srkfrF ny bYNkF aqy hor kMpnIaF nMU vwzy vwzy afriQk pYikj idwqy ijs nfl hux afriQkqf muV sulgx lwgI hY. iehnF afriQk pYikjF df sfrf boJ hr dysL dy afm lokF `qy hI ipaf hY. kuJ igxqI dy mfhrF, adfiraF aqy lokF dI luwt df muwl sfry sLihrIaF nMU qfrnf ipaf hY aqy agly keI hor sfl srkfrF isr ciVHaf vfDU krjLf Auqfrn vfsqy qfrdy rihxgy.

rIal astyt Kyqr iek ajyhf Kyqr hY ijs nMU ishXfb rwKxf afriQkqf vfsqy bhuq jLrUrI hY. igrfvt ny qF burf asr krnf hI hY ies Kyqr ivwc byloVf AuBfr vI aMq nMU burf hI sfbq huMdf. ies Kyqr ivwc Tos aqy sfvF AuBfr hI afriQkqf vfsqy lfhymMd sfbq huMdf hY. afriQk mMdI kfrn dunIaF Br ivwc ivafjL drF bhuq Gwt kr idwqIaF geIaF sn ijs kfrn kYnyzf df rIal astyt Kyqr ies mMdI dy dOr ivwc vI AuBfr ivwc hY. ies df iek kfrn kYnyzf dI afriQkqf df amrIkf nfloN cMgI ishq ivwc hoxf vI hY. ies cMgI ishq df iek kfrn kYnyzf dI bYNikMg pRnflI df amrIkf nfloN ijLafdf inXmq hoxf vI hY ijs kfrn kYnyzf dIaF bYNkF mMdI dy dOr ivwc vI dIvflIaf nhIN sn hoeIaF.

kYnyzf dIaF bYNkF aqy hor PfnYNsLl adfiraF nMU iksy sMBfvI afriQk sMkt qoN bcfAux vfsqy mfrgyj krjLy dIaF sLrqF nMU Tos aDfr pRdfn krnf smyN dI loV sI aqy kYnyzf srkfr ny ies bfry ZukvF kdm cuwikaf hY. ies hPLqy kYnyzf dy KjLfnf mMqrI ny mfrgyj inXmF ivwc qbdIlIaF krn df aYlfn kIqf hY ijs nMU mIzIaf ny mfrgyj inXm sKLq krn df nfm vI idwqf hY. srkfr dI koisLsL hY ik mfrgyj lYx vfly lok nf isrPL mfrgyj lYx smyN ies df Bugqfn krn dy Xog hox sgoN lMby smyN aqy sMkt dy smyN ivwc vI afpxI pRfprtI dy mflk bxy rihx dy Xog hox.

afriQk hflq suDrn dy nfl ivafjL drF ivwc vI vfDf ho skdf hY aqy srkfr vloN smyN isr cuwky gey kdm ieh gwl XkInI bnfAux ivwc mdd krngy ik ivafjL drF vDx dI sUrq ivwc vI lok afpxI mfrgyj adf krn dI smrQf kfiem rwKx. nrm mfrgyj inXmF kfrn lok Gwt ivafjL drF dy lflc ivwc krjLy dy boJ hyT db skdy hn ijs vfsqy ieh qbdIlI jLrUrI sI.

srkfr vloN aYlfny gey nvyN inXm mfrc dy awD qoN bfad lfgU ho rhy hn ijs nfl mfrgyj vfsqy kuaflIPfeI krn vfsqy “pMj sflf inXmq” ivafjL dr nMU aDfr bxfieaf jfvygf. rIal astyt ivwc stybfjLI jF spYkulysLn krn vfilaF nMU 20% qwk zfAUn pymYNt krnI pY skdI hY. rI-PfienFs kr ky pRfprtI nMU bYNk msLIn vFg vrqx dI afdq nMU Twl pfAux vfsqy vI srkfr inXm sKLq kr rhI hY.

ieh sfry kdm ZukvyN aqy smyN isr cuwky jf rhy kdm hn ijhnF nfl nyV BivK ivwc rIal astyt mfrkIt kuJ mwTI qF ho skdI hY pr ieh kdm lMby smyN ivwc rIal astyt dI ishqXfbI aqy afriQkqf dI ishqXfbI vfsqy shI kdm hn. kYnyzf ivwc inXmq bYNikMg pRnflI afriQk mMdI ivwc kfmXfb sfbq hoeI sI aqy hux cuwky jf rhy kdm kYnyzf dI bYNikMg pRnflI, mfrgyj pRbMD aqy sLihrIaF dy ihqF dI rfKI krn ivwc hor vI shfeI hoxgy.

muMbeI ivwc isLv sYnf vloN pRiswD iPLlm klfkfr sLfhruK Kfn dI iPlm 'mfeI nym iejL Kfn' dy irlIjL hox qoN pihlF ies df ihMsk ivroD kIqf igaf aqy ies df kfrn sLfhruK Kfn dy Es ibafn nMU bxfieaf igaf ijs ivwc Aus ny ieMzIan pRImIar lIg (afeI[ pI[ aYl[) vwloN krvfey jfx vfly ikRkt mYcF ivc pfiksqfnI iKzfrIaF nUM sLfiml nf krn `qy afpxI nf-KusLI df pRgtfvf kIqf sI jF pfik tIm nMU sLfml krn dI vkflq kIqI sI. sLfhruK Kfn df ieh ibafn isLv sYnf afpxf AuWlU iswDf krn vfsqy qoV mroV ky vrq rhI hY aqy ies nMU pfiksqfn qoN afey kuJ disLqgrdF ny mMubeI ivc jo kihr mcfieaf sI Aus nfl joV ky pysL kIqf jf irhf hY. afpxy afp nMU kdy dysL Bgq aqy kdy mrhwtf Bgq dwsx vflI isLv sYnf iksy pfiksqfnI df nfm suxn vfsqy vI iqafr nhIN hY.

afpxy afp nMU dysL Bgq jF mrhwtf Bgq sfbq krn df ieh bhuq ssqf qrIkf hY jo isLv sYnf jF ies qoN vwK hoeI rfj Tfkry dI nv inrmfx sYnf aksr apxfAuNdI hY. kdy AuWqrI BfrqIaF dy iKlfPL aqy kdy ibhfrIaF dy iKlfPL muihMm ivwZ idwqI jFdI hY. muMbeI hmilaF qoN ipwCoN pfiksqfn jF muslmfnF dy ivroD ivwc ibnF isr pYr gwlF krnf vI isLv sYnf dI afdq bx geI hY. BfrqIqv dI rfKI jF BfrqI siBafcfr dI rfKI dy nfm hyT kdy vYltfeIn zya df ivroD krnf aqy kdy pwCmI pihrfvy df ivroD krnf vI isLv sYnf ny afpxf muwK rfjsI insLfnf bxf ilaf hY. ajyhy mfmilaF `qy swiBafk ZMg nfl ivroD krnf isLv sYnf jF iksy vI hor sMgTn df pUrf hwk hY pr ijs ZMg nfl ivroD kIqf jFdf hY aqy jo nPLrq aqy ihMsk mhOl isrijaf jFdf hY Auh dysL dI amn sLFqI leI Gqfk iswD ho skdf hY.

BFrq aqy pfik dovF dysL dy lok iek-dUjy nfl sLFqI aqy imlvrqx nfl rihxf cfhuMdy hn pr iek pfsy pfiksqfn dIaF ieslfimk kwtVpMQI jQybMdIaF Bfrq iKlfPL ihMsk kfrvfeIaF kr rhIaF hn aqy dUjy pfsy isLv sYnf vrgy sMgTn mhOl nMU Krfb kr rhy hn. hux jd iek vfr iPr dovF dysLF ivckfr gwlbfq df islislf sLurU hox jf irhf hY qF muMbeI ivwc mhOl nMU Krfb krn df ishrf isLv sYnf afpxy isr bMn rhI hY. muMbeI hmilaF nMU njLraMdfjL nhIN kIqf jf skdf aqy nf hI Bfrq ies gwl nMU awKoN proKy kr skdf hY ik dihsLqgrdI dIaF jVHF pfik ivwc hn. pr ieh vI shI soc nhIN hY ik dovF dysLF ivckfr hr iksm df sMprk tuwitaf rhy. bIqy ivwc dovF dysLF dIaF ikRkt dIaF tImF iek-dUsry nfl mYc KyzdIaF rhIaF hn aqy ajyhf BivK ivwc vI hoxf cfhIdf hY ies leI sLfhruK Kfn df ibafn dysL ivroDI nhIN hY. Bfrq dy gRih mMqrI pI[ icdMbrm ny vI afpxy iek ibafn ivc ieMzIan pRImIar lIg vwloN krvfey jfx vfly ikRkt tUrnfmYNt ivc pfiksqfn dy iKzfrIaF nUM sLfiml nf krn nUM aPLsosnfk ikhf hY. afstrylIaf dy iKzfrIaF nUM afeI[ pI[ aYl[ dy mYcF ivc iKzfAux dy muwdy nUM lY ky kyNdrI mMqrI sRI sLfrd pvfr dI bfl Tfkry nfl mulfkfq qoN bfad Tfkry nMU hor qfkq aqy mhwqqf imlI hY. ijs nfl isLv sYnf dy afgUaF ny ies sLuwkrvfr nUM sLfhruKL dI lwg rhI iPLlm 'mfeI nym iejL Kfn' `qy hmly bolx dI iqafrI sLurU kr idwqI hY. pqf lwgf hY ik mMubeI ivc 5 drjn QIeytrF ivc lwg rhI ies iPLlm nMU hux awgy pf idwqf igaf hY. ies iPLlm dIaF agfAUN itktF ivkxIaF vI sLurU ho geIaF sn pr isnymf GrF dy mflkF nUM DmkIaF aqy QIeytrF `qy hmilaF kfrn iPLlm dI agfmI buikMg bMd kr idwqI geI hY.

bfl Tfkry dI agvfeI vflI isLv sYnf aqy Aus dy BqIjy rfj Tfkry dI nv-inrmfx sYnf mrhwtfvfd dy muwdy `qy iek dUjy nMU pCfVnf cfhuMdIaF hn. ies mukfbly kfrn hI dovF sMgTnF ny ipCly idnIN kFgrs dy jnrl skwqr rfhul gFDI dI mMubeI PyrI df vI ivroD kIqf sI. pr rfhul ny gwj-vwj ky mMubeI nUM smuwcy Bfrq dI ikhf sI ijs kfrn dovF sYnfvF dy pwly inrfsLf peI sI. rfhul gFDI dI muMbeI PyrI iehnF sYnfvF dy ivroD dy bfvjUd bhuq kfmXfb rhI sI. kuJ lok ieh vI socdy hn ik dovF sYnfvF dy muKIaF nUM sLrd pvfr vrgy afgU AuqsLfhq krdy hn aqy ies ivwc scfeI vI ho skdI hY. aksr isafsI lok afpxI rotIaF sykx vfsqy lokF nMU bflx dI QF vrqdy hn.

pqf lwgf hY ik puils ny iek hjLfr qoN vwD isLv sYinkF nUM ihrfsq ivc lY ilaf hY. ipCly 24 GMitaF ivc 1023 sYnf vrkr igRPqfr kIqy jf cuwky hn. AunHF lokF nUM isnymf hfl dy bfhr mujLfhrf krn, isnymf skrIn qoVn aqy hor dosL ivc PiVaf igaf hY. puls ny ikhf ik sLihr ivc 63 iQeytrF nUM surwiKaf muhweIaf krvfeI geI hY ijQy 12 PrvrI nUM iPlm irlIjL hoxI sI aqy ijs nMU hux awgy pf idwqf igaf hY. sLihr dy puls muKI ny sfry puls QfixaF nUM surwiKaf pRbMDF bfry hdfieqF jfrI kr idwqIaF hn.

isLv sYnf ny afpxI DmkI dohrfAuNdy hoey ikhf hY ik jd qwk sLfhruK Kfn afpxf ibafn vfps nhIN lYNdf, ies iPlm dI iejfjLq nhIN idwqI jfvygI. pfrtI nyqf mnohr josLI ny mMglvfr nUM ikhf sI ik asIN iPlm nUM pRdrsLq krn dI iejfjLq nhIN dyvFgy. sLfhruK Kfn nUM bflf sfihb qoN muafPI mMgxI pvygI aqy Aus qoN bfad hI AunHF nfl gwlbfq hovygI.

aijhy ibafn aqy kfrvfeIaF nMgI icwtI gMuzfgrdI hY ijs nUM rokx leI sUbf aqy kyNdr srkfr nMU qurq kfrvfeI krnI cfhIdI hY, qF ik amn kfnUMn kfiem rwiKaf jf sky. ies dOrfn muwK mMqrI aYs cvfn vloN AUDv Tfkry dI surwiKaf vfps lYx dI DmkI qoN bfad pihlF hI Tfkry ny afpxI surwiKaf vfps kr idwqI sI aqy hux pfrtI dy aYWm[ pIjL ny vI afpxI surwiKaf vfps krn df aYlfn kr idwqf hY. AUDv Tfkry ny pfrtI dy rsfly 'sfmnf' ivc iliKaf hY ik Auh afpxI surwiKaf afp vfps kr irhf hY. Aus ny byhUdf ibafn dfgidaF ikhf hY ik myrI surwiKaf ajml ksfb nUM dy idwqI jfvy aqy ik muMbeI ivc do hI lok surwiKaq hn ijnHF ivc iek sLfhruK Kfn hY aqy dUjf ajml ksfb hY. ieh lokF ivwc nPLrq aqy BVkfht pYdf krn vfly ibafn hn.

srkfr nMU ies iksm dy sLrfrqI aMsrF nfl sKLqI nfl pysL afAuxf cfhIdf hY. isLv sYnf aqy dysL dy hor BfgF ivwc ies iksm dy kwtVpMQI sMgTn Bfrq dI qrwkI aqy amn sLFqI leI gMBIr KLqrf hn. srkfr nMU ajyhy sMgTnF nfl nijwTx vfsqy iek Tos nIqI GVnI cfhIdI hY.

hyqI dysL dy lok BUcfl qoN pihlF hI gvFzI dysLF dI afpsI KuMdkbfjLI df KfimafjLf lMby smyN qoN Bugq rhy sn aqy AuWQy hmysLF hI GrylU XuwD dy asfr bxy rihMdy sn pr jo 12 jnvrI nUM hyqI ivwc rwbI kihr vfpiraf sI ijs ny iCxf ivwc hyTlI Aupr kr idwqI sI aqy ies nfl lwKF dy ihsfb nfl lok mfry gey sn aqy byGr ho gey sn. ies rwbI kihr ny rwb dy bxfey hoey bMdy smyq rwb dI bxfeI hr cIjL nUM afpxI lpyt ivwc lY ilaf sI. ijQy ies rwbI kihr ny bMdy dI kfrfgrI krky bxfeIaF hoeIaF iemfrqF nUM awK dy Pyr nfl mlbf bxf idwqf sI AuQy iews hI rwbI kihr ny pihlF qoN hI grIbI aqy lcfrI dI ijLMdgI kwt rhIaF hyqI dIaf aOrqF df jIxf dusLvfr kr idwqf hY.

rwb dy Zfhy ies kihr qo bfad iksmq mfrIaF aOrqF aqy nOjvfn bwcIaF `qy iek hor kihr afey idn vfpiraf irhf hY jo ik aOrq dI kuwK ivwcoN jnmy ‘hYvfn’ vwloN Zfihaf jf irhf hY. hnyrf huMdy vkq hI hvs imtfAux leI dirMidaf vwloN aOrqF aqy bwcIaF df isLkfr kIqf jfx lwg pYNdf hY aqy rfq dy hnyry ivwc aOrqF dI hfl pfhiraf suxn vflf koeI nhIN hY. hyqI ivwc anykF hI sMsQfvF rfhq kfrjF aqy BuwiKaF nUM lMgr CkfAux df kMm kr rhIaF hn aqy vwzI vwzI KLbrF aKLbfrf ivwc Cwp rhIaF hn pr jo hfl rfq dy hnyry dy ivwc aOrqF aqy bwcIaF df ho irhf hY Auh bhuq hI Gwt ibafinaf jf irhf hY aqy ieh KLbrF vwzIaf surKIaF QWly sihk ky dm qoV rhIaF hn. BUcfl nfl qF iemfrqF hI ZwTIaF sn pr aOrqF aqy bwcIaF `qy hr rojL hI Bucfl af rhy hn aqy AunHF dI hr rfq hI Bucfl dI rfq huMdI hY. irportF muqfibk afrjLI bxfey kYNpF ivwc aOrqF `qy bwcIaf nfl gYNg ryp kIqy jf rhy hn aqy 8-10 dIaF bwcIaF nUM vI bKisLaf nhIN jf irhf hY. aprfDI toly bxf ky GuMmdy hn, tYNtF ivwc aprfDIaF vwloN jbrdsqI Guws ky blfqkfr kIqy jFdy hn aqy AuQoN dI pulIs vI kuJ nhIN kr skdI hY. sLfm pYNdy sfr hI aOrqF dy Bfa dI bx jFdI hY. 7000 dy krIb aijhy aprfDI jylF ivwc bMd sn jo Bucfl afAux vkq Prfr ho gey hn aqy hux BUcfl gRsq Kyqr dIaF glIaF ivwc dndnfAuNdy iPrdy hn. AuQy srkfr nF dI koeI cIjL nhIN hY aqy pulIs dI koeI vfh pysL nhIN jFdI. Bucfl dOrfn 100 dy krIb pulIs aPsr mfry jf cwuky hn aqy 500 dy krIb ajy vI lfpqf hn aqy 400 dy krIb jLKmI hn. lokl pulIs dI axhoNd kfrn kYnyzf smyq hornf dysLF dIaF POjF vI kuJ kr skx qoN asmrQ hn. bysLk blfqkfrIaF qoN bcx leI aOrqF ny Kuwd hI Auprfly sLurU kIqy hoey hn jd bfkI dIaF aOrqF aqy lVkIaF sNO jFdIaf hn aqy kYNpF dy bfhr rfq nUM kuJ aOrqF pihrf idMdIaF hn pr iPr vI aprfDIaF koloN bcxf sOKf nhIN hY. iek aOrq ny afpxI drd BrI khfxI suxfAuidaF ikhf ik ikMnf cNMgf huMdf jy mYN afpxIaF do DIaF smyq AudoN hI mr jFdI aqy afh idn qF nf dyKxy pYNdy. Aus aOrq df kihxf hY ik Aus ny afpxIaF jvfn DIaf nUM ajy aprfDIaF dy zr kfrn mlby ivwc rihx `qy mjLbUr kIqf hoieaf hY. ijs idn qoN ies aOrq df pqI BUcfl dOrfn mfiraf igaf sI Aus idn qoN hI Aus aOrq dIaF DIaF ajy vI mlby hyT hI rfqF ktdIaF hn ikAuNik kYNpF ivwc lut Koh aqy blfqkfr dIaF vwD GtnfvF ho rhIaf hn.

sLfm pYNdy hI hyqI ivwc rfhq kfrj bMd ho jFdy hn, bfhrly dysLF qoN geIaF sMsQfvF dy mYNbr aqy imltrI aMdrI vV jFdI hY aqy aprfDI dndnfAux lgdy hn qF aOrqF dI jfn `qy bx jFdI hY. svyr vyly pulIs afAuNdI hY aqy blfqkfr aqy luwt Koh dIaF irpotrF drj krky vfips clI jFdI hY.

ies qoN ielfvf Coty bwicaF dy AuDflx dIaF GtnfvF inwq vfpr rhIaf hn. aprfDI iksm dy lok Coty bwcy cuwk ky vyc rhy hn aqy ieh bwcy keI iBRsLtbuwDI vfilaF df Bojn vI bx rhy hn. ies qoN ielfvf bhuq sfry bwicaF nUM cwuk ky ivdysLIaF kol vyicaf jf irhf hY. ajy kuJ hI idn pihlf amrIkf dy iek imsLnrI gruwp nUM 33 bwicaF nUM AuDflx leI cfrj kIqf igaf sI. ieh 10 ivakqI Aus vkq pkVy gey sn jdoN Auh Coty bwicaF nUM anfQ kih ky hyqI qoN bfhr iljf rhy sn. pkVy jfx qy bwicaF qoN puCigwC dOrfn ieh gwl shfmxy afeI sI ik ienHF 33 bwicaF ivwcoN 30 bwcy anfQ nhIN sn aqy AunHF dy mF ipE ijMMdf sn aqy AunHF nUM pVfeI aqy shUlqI kYNpF ivwc iljfx leI hI mfipaF nUM dwisaf igaf sI. iewk 10 sfl dI lVkI ny ro ro ky dwisaf sI ik Auh anfQ nhIN hY aqy Aus dy mF ipE ijMLdf hn Aus nUM isrP iksy skUl ivwc dfiKl krvfAux leI vrglf ky iljfieaf jf irhf sI. ies imsLnrI jQy ny mfipaf kol JUT bol ky ienHF bwicaF nUM afpxy nfl iljfx leI rfjLI kr ilaf sI pr pkVy jfx `qy bwicaF nUM anfQ kih idwqf sI. ieh bwcy hyqI dI srkfr dI sihmqI qoN ibnF hI corI iljfey jf rhy sn. iewk vYn ivwc iljfey jf rhy ieh 33 bwcy qF bc gey sn pr pqf nhIN ikMny hor bwcy ies qrHF hI hyqI qoN bfhr smgl krky iljfey jf cwuky hn. keI mfpy aijhy vI hn jo ik afpxy bwicaf nUM ies leI ivdysLIaF nfl Byjx leI rfjLI ho jFdy hn ik AunHF dy bwcy iksy cMgy dysL ivwc sYtl ho jfxgy Gwto Gwt BuwK nfl qF nhIN mrngy. pr ienHF bwicaF qoN bfhrly dysLf ivwc kihVy kihVy kMm krvfey jFdy hn ieh iksy qoN luikaf iCipaf nhIN hY. ies ivwc koeI sLWk nhIN ik hjLfrF bwcy anfQ ho gey hn aqy hjLfrF hI afpxy mfipaF qoN ivCV gey hn pr AunHF bwicaf nUM AunHF dy mfipaf nfl imlfAux dI loV hY nf ik Drm-krm dy nF hyT iksy dUsry dysL ivwc iljfx dI loV hY. hyqI iek aijhf dysL hY ijQy mrdF nfloN aOrqF hI ijLafdf kMMm DMdy krdIaf hn pr hux afPq dy smyN ienHF ivlkIaF mfvF nUM afpxI aqy afpxy bwicaF dI rfKI afp krnI pY rhI hY. ies ivwc koeI sLwk nhIN ik jdoN ikqy vI aijhI afPq afAuNdI hY qF sB qoN ijLafdf mfr aOrq nUM hI pYNdI aqy aOrqF df sLosLx qf huMdf hI hY nfl dI bwicaF dIaf ijMdgIaF vI qbfh ho jFdIaf hn. pr kI sMsfr pwDr dIaf jQybMdIaF aOrqF aqy bwicaF `qy ho rhy jLulm dI koeI rokQfm kr skdIaF hn, hfl dI GVI aijhf huMdf idKfeI nhIN dy irhf hY. mrd pRDfn dysL hyqI ivwc aOrq nUM afpxy bwicaf dI Kurfk df pRbMD krn aqy rfKI leI kI kI pfpV vylxy pY rhy hn, afey idn rONgty KVy krn vfly qwQ sfzy sfhmxy af rhy hn.

vwK vwK sMsQfvf vwloN aMnF pYsf iekwqr kIqf jf irhf hY. bhuq sfrIaf sMsQfvF aqy dysL dfn aqy rfhq kfrjf dy nF hyT afpxI sMsQfvF dy nF cmkfAux `qy lwgy hoey hn asl ivwc ikMnf pYsf aMqrrfsLtrI sMsQfvF rfhq kfrjF leI Krc kr rhIaF hn ieh iewk vwKrf svfl hY. pr jdoN ikqy Drq DuVDVI lYNdI hY jo kuJ idsdf hY Auh qf qihsL nihsL ho hI jFdf hY pr aOrqF aqy bwcIaF dI afbrU vI surwiKaq nhIN rihMdI. hyqI ivwc awj loV hY aijhIaF suriKaq QfvF dI ijQy aOrqF ies qbfhI dy idnf ivwc afpxI aqy afpxIaf bwcIaF dI iejLq qbfh hox qoN bcf skx.

prmjIq isMG sMDU

ies hPLqy 26 jnvrI vfly idn afpF Bfrq df 60vF gxqMqr idvs mnf ky hty hF. bysLk gxqMqr idvs Bfrq ivwc iek nYsLnl PYstIvl dy qOr `qy mnfieaf jFdf hY. Bfrq dI rfjDfnI idwlI ivwc ies mOky iewk vwzI pryz df aXojn kIqf jFdf hY ijQy iqMny hI POjF dIaF tukVIaf mfrc-pfst krdIaF hn aqy hryk BfrqI siBacfr nfl sMbMDq JlkIaF kwZIaF jFdIaf hn jo ik dysL ivwc siBafcrF dI afpsI sFJ aqy eykqf dI qsvIr pysL krdIaF hn. ijQy ieh idn Bfrq ivwc vwzI pwDr `qy mnfieaf jFdf hY AuWQy aMqrrfsLtrI pwDr `qy ijQy ijQy vI BfrqI lok vsdy hn ies idn nUM Bfrq df qirMgf lihrf ky mnfAyNdy hn. kYnyzf dy vwK vwK sLihrF ivwc vI ies idn iqrMgy lihrfey jFdy hn aqy dysL dI KusLhflI aqy qrwkI dIaF duafvF kIqIaF jFdIaF hn. Bfrq aqy kYnyzf dy sbMD koeI nvyN nhIN hn. Bfrq nfl kYnyzf dy bfeIlytrl Bfv dupfsV sMbMD dovyN dysLf dI lokqMqrqf pRqI bcnbDqf, bhuvfd aqy vwK vwK DrmF aqy siBaqfvF dy lokF dy afpsI nyVqf qy aDfirq hn. bysLk dovf dysL dy izplomYitk sMbD ajLfdI qoN bfad prpwk rUp ivwc sQfipq ho gey sn pr vpfr sMbMD sivDfn dI sQfpnf qoN bfad 1950ivaF aqy 1960ivaF ivwc jf ky pUrx rUp ivwc sLurU hoey sn jo afey idn hI mjLbUq huMdy jf rhy hn. vpfr sMbMD pRDfn mMqrI jhfvr lfl nihrU aqy kYnzf dy do pRDfn mMqrIaF sr lUeIs syNt lfarYNt aqy ilstr pIarsn smyN kfPI mjbUq ho gey hn. ies vkq dohF dysL ivwc ivckfr dupfsV vpfr 10 iblIan amrIkn zflr sflfnf dy krIb hY. 2008 ivwc dohF dysLF df afpsI vpfr 4[62 iblIan sI, kYnyzf qoN 2[42 iblIan zlfr df smfn Bfrq ny aXfq kIqf sI aqy kYnyzf nUM Bfrq ny 2[20 iblIan zflr df inrXfq sI. 2008 ivwc Bfrq dI kYnyzf ivwc iswDf invysL 1[02 iblIan sI jo ik 2007 nfloN 157 guxf vwD sI. afey idn ieh vpfr vD Puwl irhf hY. 1996 ivwc kYnyzf dy pRDfn mMqrI sRI XF ikRcIaF afpxy do kYbink mMqrIaf smyq 300 ibjnYsmYNnF df iewk vwzf vPd lY ky Bfrq dy vpfr imsLn `qy gey hn. iPr 1996 ivwc hI Bfrq dy pRDfn mMMqrI sRI ieMdr kumfr gujrfl kYnyzf dy dOry `qy afey sn. ies qoN bfad qqkflI ivdysL mMqrI lfiez aYksvrdI ny 1997 ivwc Bfrq dI PyrI pfeI sI. 1998 ivwc kYnyzf dy sfbkf gvrnr jnrl romIE lYbYNk Bfrq gey sn aqy hux nvMbr 2009 ivwc pRDfn mMqrI stIPn hfrpr Bfrq jf ky afey hn. kYnyzf dI srkfr dy numfieMidaF qoN ielfvf sUbfeI srkfr dy pRqIinwD vI Bfrq df dOrf krdy hn ijnHf ivwc Kfs krky EntyrIE dy sUbfeI pRImIar zfltn mgMtI sLfiml hn. kYnyzf dy lIzrF dy BfrqI dOiraF qoN ielfvf Bfrq tryz imsLn vI kYnyzf dIaF vpfrk PyrIaf `qy afAuNdf irhf hY. ipwCy ijhy plYinMg kimsLn dy cyarmYn afhlUvflIaf vI vpfr sMbMD mjLbUq krky gey sn.

kYnyzf ivwc ies vkq 8 lwK dy krIb BfrqI lok vsdy hn aqy ienHF 8 lwK lokF ivwc 5 lwK iekwly pMjfbI hI hn ijnHF ny kYnyzf nUM pwky qOr `qy afpxf dysL mMn ilaf hY aqy ijnHF df kYnyzf dI qrwkI dy nfl nfl Bfrq ivwc ho rhI qrwkI ivwc vI pUrf Xogdfn hY. ieQy ieh vI kihxf koeI aqkQnI nhIN hovygI ik dohf dysLF dy sMbMD gUVy krn ivwc pMjfbIaF df Kfs Xogdfn hY. EntyrIE sUby dy sInIar pMjfbI mMqrI sRI hirMdr qwKV nUM Aus dI ivdvqf aqy vpfrk sFJ vDfAux leI sB qoN vwD Bfrq ivwc mfx idwqf jFdf hY. kYnyzf iewk aijhf dysL hY ijs dy amrIkf qoN bfad sB qoN ijLafdf vpfirk sYNtr Bfrq ivwc hI hn ijnHF ivwc idwlI, mubMeI, kolkwqf, bMglOr, cnyeI aqy cMzIgVH sLfiml hn.

bysLk Bfrq aqy kYnyzf dy sMbMD bhuq gUVy bx gey hn pr smyN smyN `qy ies ivwc afeI kuVqn nfl sMbMD ivgVdy vI rhy hn. meI 1974 ivwc ‘smfeIilMg buwDf’ inAUklIar Dmfkf aqy 1990 ivwc poKrfn tYst smyN aijhf vfpiraf sI jdoN dohF dysLF dy sMbMDF ivwc qryV af geI sI. kYnyzf smJdf sI ik Bfrq ny Dmfky krky ‘kolMbo plYn’ dI AulMGxf kIqI hY ijs skIm aDIn 1951 ivwc Bfrq nUM kYnyzf vwloN mdd iml rhI sI. 1985 ivwc eyar ieMzIaf dy afkfsL ivwc bMb Dmfky nfl qbfh hox qoN bfad vI sMbMDF ivwc qryV afeI sI pr hux ijQy dohF dysLf dy sMbMD sfjgfr hn AuWQy Bfrq nUM kYnyzf dy mukfbly keI KyqrF ivwc kYnyzf dy hfx df hoxf pYxf hY ijnHF ivwc grIbI, ividaf, ivqkry vrgIaF ibmfrIaF nUM jVoN AuKyVn dI loV hY. mnuwKI kdrF kImqF dI avwigaf, vfqfvrx aqy iBRsLtfcfr vrgIaF smisafvF df hwl vI Bfrq skrfr nUM krnf pYNxf hY. dihsLqvfd ijs qoN awj sfrI dunIaF nUM sB qoN vwD Kqrf jfp irhf hY Bfrq dy isr qy hmysLf mMzrfAuNdf rihMdf hY, df aMqrrfsLtrI hwl vI kwZxf pYxf hY.

asI ieh kfmnf krdy hf ik Bfrq aqy kYnyzf dy sMbMD hox guVy bxn aqy dohf dysLf ivwc vpfr hor bulMdIaF `qy phuMcy. sfnUM afs hY ik Bfrq aqy kYnyzf dIaF srkfr diraf idlI nfl dohf dysLF dy rfjnIqk, vpfirk aqy BfeIcfrk sMbMD suKfvyN rwKxgIaF ijs nfl sMsfr ivwc BfeIcfrk sFJ vD sky.

amrIkI rfsLtrpqI brfk Ebfmf ny amrIkf dy rfsLtrpqI df afhudf sMBlfx `qy pihlI vryHgMz ies bIqy buwDvfr nUM mnfeI jo ik afs nfloN iPwkI rhI. KusLI dy iews idn qoN iewk pihlF mMglvfr Aus nUM iek hor aijhf Jtkf lwgf ijs nfl Ebfmf dI zYmokryitk pfrtI pYrF qoN ihwl geI hY. bIqy mMglvfr nUM mYsfcusYWts qoN sYnytr dI cox hoeI sI ijs ivwc Ebfmf dI AumIdvfr hfr geI hY. ieh sIt zYmokRyitkF dI pwkI sIt mMnI jFdI sI aqy ieQoN amrIkf dy mrhUm rfsLtrpqI jfhn aYP kYnyzI dy Brf tYz kYnyzI ipCly 46 sflF qoN lgfqfr ijwqdy af rhy sn. ipCly sfl AunF dI mOq ho jfx kfrn ieh sIt vihlI hoeI sI. ies vkfrI sIt dI cox ivwc rIpbilkF dy AumIdvfr skft bRfAUn 52 PIsdI votF nfl jyqU rhy aqy zYmokRyitk pfrtI dI AumIdvfr mfrQf koaYklI nUM lgBg 47 PIsdI votF imlIaF. ies hfr qoN bfad 100 mYNbrI sYnt `c zYmokRyitk pfrtI dy mYNbrF dI igxqI Gt ky 59 rih geI hY. ieQy ieh vI dwsxf bxdf hY ik sYnt `c ijLafdfqr miqaF nUM pfs krn leI 60 mYNbrF dy bhumq dI loV huMdI hY ijs kfrn hux zYmokRyitk pfrtI leI musLikl siQqI pYdf ho geI hY. ipCly kuJ smyN ivwc Ebfmf dI pfrtI dy iqMn AumIdvfr CotIaF vwzIaF coxF hfr bYTy hn. mYsfcusYWts dI vkfrI sIt hfr jfx qoN bfad kYnyzI pRIvfr df ros Ebfmf pRqI vwD igaf hY aqy AunHF dbvIN avfjL ivwc Ebfmf pRqI afpxf ros pRgt krnf sLurU kr idwqf hY. ies cox qoN hPLqf ku pihlf amrIkf ivwc iek srvyKx kIqf igaf sI ik amrIkf dy lok Ebfmf bfry kI socdy hn. AuQy jo vI EpInIan pol hoey hn, AunHF `c AunHF nUM aijhf hfeI gRyz nhIN idwqf igaf hY, bysLwk hI Auh nobl purskfr nfl snmfinq ho cuwky hn. kuJ mfihrF df kihxf hY ik rfsLtrpqI vjoN Ebfmf df pihlf vrHf qF KLud nUM sQfipq krn ivc hI lwg igaf hovygf. afm qOr `qy rfsLtrpqI aihm PLYsly afpxy kfrjkfl dy dUjy vrHy ivc hI lYNdy hn. Aus qoN bfad Auh afpxf iDafn rfsLtrpqI dy ahudy dI aglI cox vwl kyNidRq kr lYNdy hn.

Ebfmf ny mMdhflI dI jkV ivwc afey afpxy smrQkF nUM ieh afs bMnHfAuNidaF swqf sMBflI sI ik Auh amrIkf nUM nvIaF AucfeIaF `qy lY jfxgy qy AunHF df ieh sLfsn busL dy sLfsn nfloN iblkul vwKrf hovygf pr hux amrIkI jnqf dy iek vwzy vrg dI ieh Dfrnf hY ik Auh afpxy vfaidaF nUM pUry kr skx ivc nfkfm rhy hn. dysL qy ivdysL ivc AunHF nUM hux bhuq musLikl siQqIaF df sfhmxf qy sMGrsL krnf pvygf. 2009 ivc Ebfmf leI mfhOl kfPI sdBfvnf vflf sI aqy Auh aijhy eyjMzy `qy kMm kr rhy sn, jo jnqf nUM irJfAux vflf sI. ienHF ivc ishq syvf, AUrjf nIqI qy lVKVfeI afriQk siQqI `c suDfr afid sLfiml sn. AunHF sfhmxy sB qoN vwzI smwisaf dysL dI ivgVI mflI hflq ivc suDfr aqy amrIkIaF nUM rojLgfr muhweIaf krvfAux dI sI. ies sfl dy aKIr ivc AunHF ny ishq syvfvF dy Kyqr ivc sLlfGfXog kMm kIqf hY.

amrIkI sYnt ny AunHF vloN pysL kIqf igaf ishq syvf sMbMDI ibwl pfs kr idwqf hY. amrIkI kFgrs ny vI Ebfmf dy bfl ishq bImf pRogrfm smyq keI XojnfvF nUM mnjLUrI dy idwqI hY. ies qoN ielfvf arQ ivvsQf nUM rPLqfr dyx leI shfiek XojnfvF nUM vI pfs krvfAux ivc Auh sPl rhy hn. rfsLtrpqI ny ies gwl nUM mMinaf hY ik ienHF sfrIaF gwlF nUM pfs krvfAuxf Enf sOKf nhIN sI, ijMnHF ik Auh smJdy sn.

jy Ebfmf dI pfrtI df grfP ies pRkfr hI izgdf irhf qF nvMbr nUM af rhIaf mwDkflI coxF Ebfmf leI nvIN musIbq KVI kr skdIaF hn. sfzI jfcy busL dy qfnfsLfhI sLfsLn qoN bfad amrIkF dy lokF nUM Ebfmf `qoN bhuq vwzIaF afsF sn jo ik hux smyN dy nfl iPwkIaF pYNdIaf jf rhIaF hn. asIN AunHI idnI ienHF hI sqrF ivwc iliKaf sI ik Ebfmf dy kol koeI jfdU df zMzf nhIN hY ijs nfl Auh pYrF qoN ihwl cwuky amrIkf nUM iekdm dubfrf KVf kr sky. duKdy iek aMg df ielfj qF jldI ho skdf hY pr duK rhy sfry srIr df ielfj iekdm nhIN kIqf skdf. Ebfmf ny hux ishq suDfrF dIaF nIqIaF nUM lfgU krn ivwc pysL af rhIaf aOkVF nfl nijwTx leI nrm rvweIaf aKiqafr kr ilaf hY aqy kuJ suDfrF nUM iqafgx leI iqafr ho igaf hY. Ebfmf ny vIrvfr nUM ikhf hY ik Auh bYNkF leI vI sKLq kfnUMn bxFAuxgy qF ik pihlF vflI hflq dubfrf pYdf nf ho sky. bysLk amrIkIaF dI njLr ivwc Ebfmf dy isqfry iPwky pYNdy jf rhy hn pr iPr vI musLklF dy bfvjUd Auh iek isafxy aqy kfibl isafsqdfn vjoN AuBr irhf hY.

ies sdI df pihlf dhfkf dunIaF leI bhuq hI musLklF Biraf sI. vrlz tryz sYNtr `qy awqvfdI hmly ny sfrI dunIaf nUM ihlf ky rwK idwqf sI aqy ies qoN hI ierfk aqy aPgfinsqfn ivwc nf muwkx vflf XuwD sLurU hoieaf hY. sfrs aqy svfeIn PlU vrgIaF Kqrnfk ibmfrIaF ny vI iesy dhfky ivwc hI afpxy pYr psfry sn. aMqrrfsLtrI ivwqI isstm df PylH hoxf vI ies dfhky ivwc vfpiraf sI ijs ny sfrI dunIaF df sfh sUq ilaf hY. kYnyzf ivwc pihlF nfloN vwD igxqI ivwc bfhrly dysFL qoN iemIgrFtF aqy irPAUjIaF nUM mMgvfAux df Bfr Jwlx nfl kYnyzf df kuwb vI ies dhfky ivwc hI inkilaf hY. ies qoN vwD vfqfrvx ivwc qbdIlI kfrn afritk sfgr ivwc brP df vwzI mfqrf df ipGlxf vI ies dfhky ivwc vfpiraf jo ik lgfqfr jfrI hY aqy ies dy Aulty asr pRqK idKfeI dy rhy hn. pr hYrfnI dI gwl hY jo kuJ vI ies bIqy dhfky ivwc vfpiraf sI pr hux ies nUM kYnyzf dy lok cfr sfl pihlf nfloN bhuq hI hlky ZMg nfl lY rhy hn. 2004 ivwc lok ienF KqiraF, cxOqIaF aqy msilaF nUM iewk vMgfr smJdy sn pr awj dI qrIk ivwc pihlF vFg nhIN lY rhy.

ieQy ijLkr krnf bxdf hY Aus stwzI irport df jo ik huxy huxy jfrI kIqI geI geI hY. ienovyitv rIsrc gruwp ny kYnyzIan izPYNs aYNz Pfrn aPyarjL ieMstIcUt dy kihx `qy ieh stwzI kIqI hY ijs ivwc kYnyzf nUM afAuNdy 10 sflF leI drpysL sMBfvI hmilaF, cxOqIaF aqy musLklF bfry lokF dI rfie leI geI. 2004 ivwc vI iehI stwzI kIqI geI sI pr cfr sfl bfad lokF dI rfie ivwc hYrfnI jnk qbdIlI dyKI geI hY. ies qfjLf stwzI muqfibk 2004 nfloN hux lok sMBfvI mfrU KqiraF pRqI Gwt sucyq idKfeI idMdy hn. 2004 dy mukfbly hux lok vfqfrvx pRqI ijLafdf sMjIdf hn pr awqvfd aqy mhF mfrIaF AunHF dy rfzfr qoN alop ho geIaF hn. jy aMkiVaF vwl njLr mfrIey qF 2004 ivwc 52% lokF ny vfqfvrx nUM aihm Kqrf aqy cxOqI diwsaf sI pr 2010 ivwc 49% lokF ny aihm mslf diwsaf. ies vfrI cfrF ivwcoN iewk ny aMqrrfsLtrI awqvfd df Kqrf ijqfieaf jo ik 2004 qoN 21% Gwt hY ( 2010 ivwc 28% lokF aMqrrfsLtrI aqvfd df Kqrf dwisaf hY jd ik 2004 ivwc 49% lokF ny Kqrf diwsaf sI). ieMmIgrysLn aqy irPUjIaF dI vDdI igxqI dy Kqry dy sMbMD ivwc 27% lokF ny hux ikhf ik kYnyzf nUM ieMmIgrysLn aqy irAUjIaF df sB qoN vwD Kqrf hY jd ik 2004 ivwc 21% lokF ny ieh gwl khI sI. globlfeIjysLn df 2004 ivwc 28% lokF dy Kqrf dwisaf sI pr 2010 ivwc 19% lokF ny dwisaf hY. sB qoN aKIr ivwc mhFmfrIaF df 2010 ivwc 16% lokF nUM Kqrf lwigaf hY jd ik 2004 ivwc ieh Kqrf 60% dwisaf igaf sI.

Eprokq aMkVy dyxy ies leI jrUrI sn ik ieh pqf lwg sky ik kYnyzf dy lok ikhVy Kqry jF cxOqI nUM vwD pihly idMdy hn iks nUM Gwt pihl idMdy hn aqy KqiraF pRqI ikMny ku avysly hn. srvyKx ivwc ieh dyKx nUM imilaf ik lokF dI soc ipCly 4 sflF ivwc kfPI bdl geI hY aqy Auh pihlF nfloN hux sMBfvI KiqraF df aihsfs Gwt krdy hn aqy ies soc dy DfrnI bxdy jf rhy hn ik jdoN hoieaf qF mOky `qy dyiKaf jfvygf. ienHF KqiraF aqy cxOqIaF nUM iDafn ivwc lY ky koeI aYksLn lYx dI jLrUrq huMdI hY aqy BivwK dIaf nIqIaF iqafr krnIaf huMdIaF hn. ies srvyKx dy nqIjy ies leI bhuq aihmIaq vfly hn ikAuNik ies qoN pqf lgdf hY ik BivwK ivwc vfprn vflIaF mfVIaF Gtnfvf nfl nijwTx leI lok ikMny ku iqafr hn aqy jy koeI aijhI mfVI Gtnf vfprdI hY qF kI afpxf bcf krn dy smrwQ hn?. ijMnf lokF ivwc avyslfpn vwD hovygf Auny hI lok ienHF KqiraF nfl nijwTx ivwc kmjLor hoxgy. ijvyN ijvyN dysL aqy klcr iek dUjy dy nyVy afAuNdy jFdy hn iqvyN iqvyN siBafcfr dIaF kdrF kImqF ivwc ivKryvyN vDdy jFdy hn jo ik lokF dI ijLdgI leI Kqrf bxdy jf rhy hn. ies dI Audfhrx awj dy mulsm awqvfd dI idwqI jf skdI hY jo ik awqvfd dy jLrIey afpxy Drm aqy siBafcfr dIaF ‘kImqF’ nUM pRomot krn cfhuMdy hn ijs nfl aMqrrfsLtrI BfeIcfrf Kqrf mihsUs krdf hY. sfP hY ik pwCm dIaf qfkqF kMmjLor huMdIaF jf rhIaF hn aqy pUrb sLkqImfn huMdf jf irhf hY. ies nfl kYnyzf dI afrQkqf dy nfl nfl kYnyzf dy lokF dI ijMdgI dy rfh ivwc Kqrf hI Kqrf hY. dunIaF dy qkrIbn hr iKwqy ivwc Drm aDfirq awqvfd df bolbflf hY. QF QF bMb cwl rhy hn, brUd nfl cldy iPrdy bMdy loQF bxdy jf rhy hn aqy sfrI dunIaF ivwc hfhfkfr mcI hoeI hY. ikRsims dy mOky al kfiedf vwloN amrIkf nUM ‘ikRsims igPt’ kYnyzf dI DrqI `qy vI idwqf jf skdf sI agr nfeIjIrIaf df awqvfdI ieh bMb kYnyzf dy hvfeI Kyqr aMdr clfAux ivwc kfmXfb ho jFdf. sLukr hY ik ieh bMb nhIN cwilaf aqy jhfjL ivwc svfr anykF byksUrF dI jfn bwc geI. awjkwLl trONto dI adflq ivwc kYnyzf ivwc vwzy pwDr `qy bMbF nfl qbfhI mcfAux dy mnsUby GVn vfilaF ( grwup afP 18) df kys cwl irhf hY. pr hYrfnI hY afpxy afly duafly ieMnf kuJ vfprn dy bfvjUd vI kYnyzf dy lok awqvfd pRqI ieMny cukMny nhIN hn ijMnf AunHF nUM hoxf cfhIdf hY.

ies ivwc koeI sLwk nhIN hY ik kYnyzf iek aijhf mulk hY jo ik kudrqI aqy ieiqhfsk qOr `qy amIr aqy bfkI mulkF nfloN vwD srwiKaq hY. sB qoN vwzf Kqrf awj kl awqvfd df hY ijs qoN kYnyzf dy lok avysly ho rhy pRqIq huMdy hn. agr lok hI avysly ho gey qF iPr srkfr nUM dosL dyxf glq hY ik srkfrF kuJ nhIN krdIaF. cxOqIaF aqy KqiraF dI pihcfx krky sFJy qOr qy smyN qoN pihlF sulJfAuxf aqy sfriQk hwl lBxf awj dI loV hY. Xfd rhy KqiraF qoN avysly hoxf KiqraF nUM swdf dyx dy brfbr hY.

ikRsims dIaF CuwtIaF qoN aYn pihlF kYnyzf dy pRDfn mMqrI sRI stIPn hfrpr ny pfrlImYNt nUM muawql Bfv prorog kr idwqf sI. pfrlIMmYNt df sYsLn CwutIaF qoN bfad 25 jnvrI nUM sLurU hoxf sI pr hux ieh sYsLn mfrc 3 nUM sLurU hovygf. hfrpr vwloN gvrnr jnrl dI pRvfngI nfl pfrlImYNt nUM muawql krn qoN bfad ivroDIaF pfrtIaF ivwc ros vDxf suBfivk hY. kuJ lok ieh svfl krdy hn ik pRDfn mMqrI ny pfrlImYNt nUM muawql krn df PYslf ikAuN ilaf aqy ies leI lokF nUM kI kdm cukxy cfhIdy hn. ivroDI pfrtIaF ies df kfrn aPgfinsqfn ivwc kYnyzf dI imltrI vwloN AuQoN dy PVy hoey aiqvfdIaF nfl ‘ipafr nfl pysL nf afAux’ Bfv kYdIaF `qy qsLdd krn leI pfrlImYNt ivwc hox vflI bihs df muwdf dwsdIaF hn aqy hfrpr nUM ‘BfjU’ krfr idMdIaF hn. sfzI jfcy pfrlImYNt nUM muawql krky nf hI hfrpr ny koeI kfnUMn qoiVaf hY aqy nf hI pfrlImYNt nUM muawql krnf koeI gYr sivDfink hY. ieh pihlF vI huMdf afieaf hY aqy agFh vI huMdf rihxf hY. rfjnIqI ivwc mOky dI srkfr df muwK AudysL dysL dy ihwqF dI rfKI kridaF afpxI srkfr nUM bcfAuxf vI huMdf hY. awj ilbrl sB qoN vwD qrlo mwCI ho rhy hn Auh smJdy hn ik AunHF dy hwQ btyr af igaf hY qy Auh ies muwdy nUM Aubfl ky lokF dI hmdrdI ijwq skdy hn vYsy asl ivwc ivroDI pfrtIaF df kMm ivroD krnf hI huMdf hY. pr ieQy vrnxXog hY ik awj dI aDuink pfrlImYNt nUM sB qoN pihlF 1954 ivwc ilbrl pfrtI dy pRDfn mMqrI lUeIjL syNt lorYNn ny pUry 5 mhIinaF leI muawql kr idwqf sI. jd ieh rIq cl peI qF iPr Aus qoN bfad afey torIaF dy pRDfn mMqrI jfhn zfeIPnbYkr ny cfr sflF ivwc pfrlImYNt nUM cfr vfrI muawql kIqf sI jo ik 98 idnF qoN lY ky 6 mhIinaF qwk hoeI sI. Aus vkq iksy ny vI koeI isLkfieq nhIN sI kIqI hr pfrtI kYnyzf dy ihwqF leI ieh krnf jLrUrI smJdI sI. jy bhuqf dUr nf jfeIey qF 2003 ivwc ilbrl pRDfn mMqrI jnfb XF ikRcIaF ny afpxI bhuq igxqI dI srkfr vyly pfrlImYNt 82 idnF leI muawql kr idwqI sI. kfrn ies df sLpsLt sI ikAuNik Aus vkq afzItr jnrl sLIlf PrYjLr vwloN ikbYWk ivwc ilbrlF vwloN kIqy spFsrisLwp skYzl qoN bcxf ilbrl pfrtI leI jLrUrI ho igaf sI. iPr hfrpr ny iek sfl pihlF afpxI srkfr bcfAux leI aijhf kIqf sI. hux iPr hfrpr ny sivDfink hwdF aMdr hI rih ky kIqf hY aqy ies dI kYnyzf dI gvrnr jnrl ny sihmqI idwqI hY. PrvrI dy dUsry hPqy vYnkUvr ivwc srd rwuq dIaF KyzF hox jf rhIaF aqy dunIaF df mIzIaf iekwTf hoieaf hoxf hY aqy pfrlImYNt ivwc BuwjdI BMg dIaF KbrF aMqrrfsLtrI pwDr `qy KMBF dIaF zfrF bxfky pysL kIqIaf jfxIaf hn aqy bfhrly dysLF qoN afey lokF `qy ies df mfVf pRBfv pYxf hY. sfnUM cyqf hY ik jd pMjfb dI asMblI ivwc pwgF lwQIaF sn aqy Bfrq dI pfrlImYNt ivwc aYm pIaF dy GsuMn muwkI hox dIaF KbrF bhfrly dysL ivwc CwpdIaF sn qF hr amn psMd sLihrI QU QU krdf sI. jy pfrlImYNt ivwc bihs df muwdf bnx vflIaF aijhIaF KLbrF ijs nfl kYnyzf df jF kYnzf dI imltrI df aks aMqrrfsLtrI pwDr `qy Krfb huMdf hY qF ies qoN bcx df qrIkf jo hfrpr ny apxfieaf hY iblkul ZwukvF aqy shI idsLf vwl hY aqy ies nfl KyzF df mfhOl vI sfjgfr bixaf rhygf.

kuJ lok kihMdy hn ik hfrpr dy ies kdm nfl torI pfrtI dI lokipRXqf nUM puwTf gyV vI af skdf hY aqy Auh ‘Pys buwk’ `qy ies muawqlI ivrwuD hjLfrF dI igxqI nfl kIqy dsqKqF dI Audfhrx idMdy kihMdy hn ik ieMnI vwzI igxqI ivwc lokF vwloN ivroD hoxf hfrpr leI nuksfndyh ho skdf hY aqy torIaF nUM puTf gyVf vI af skdf hY. pr sfzI socxI muqfibk Pys buwk `qy BfvyN ijMny mrjLI lok torIaf iKlLfP sfeIn krI jfx ies nfl nf qF torIaF nUM nuskfn hoxf hY aqy nf hI ilbrlF nUM ies df koeI Pfiedf hoxf hY. Pys buwk `qy sfeIn krn vfly ijLafqqr Auh nOjvfn qbkf hY jo votf pfAux hI nhIN jFdf.

bIqy mMglvfr dI sLfm nUM sI bI sI `qy pItr mYnibRj vwloNN kIqI Kfs vfrqflfp ivwc pRDfn mMqrI ny sfPL kih idwqf hY ik kYnyzf dy lok aPgfn ivwc kYnyzf dy POjIaF vwloN vrqI axighlI bfry iblkul hI nhIN socdy. sfzf ieh kihxf hY ik ieh TIk hY ik imltrI vwloN ijLafdqI nhIN hoxI cfhIdI pr ieh vI nhIN ik PVHy gey awqvfdIaF dIaF kYnyzf dI imltrI mfilsLF krdI iPry. pfrlImYNt ivwc bihs dI bjfey pihlF ivBfgI jFc hoxI cfhIdI hY. Xfd rhy ieh imltrI ilbrl srkfr mOky hI ByjI sI qy AuhI ilbrl hI hux imltrI `qy AuNglIaF AuTf rhy hn. imltrI df bhfnf bxf ky hfrpr dI srkfr `qy insLfny kwsxf jLfiej nhIN hY. ilbrlF nUM ikqy hor QF hwQ pYr mfrny cfhIdy hn qF ik kYnyzf dI imltrI df pihlF vFg dunIaF ivwc mfx siqkfr bixaf rhy.

19 sfl pihlF vfpry ruickf kFz ny Bfrq dI rfjnIqI ivc qrQwlI mcf ky rwK idwqI hY. Bfrq dy mIzIaf ny ies kys ivwc 19 sflF bfad hirafxf dy sfbkf zI[ jI[ pI, aYs[ pI[ aYs[ rfTOr nMU isrP 6 mhIny dI kYd aqy 1000 rupey jLurmfnf dI sjLf df mfmlf jd lokF dI kichrI ivwc rwiKaf qF ies nfl idwlI df isMGfsn vI zolx lwg ipaf. kyNdr srkfr dy keI mMqrIaF ny ies bfry hF pwKI itwpxIaF kIqIaF hn ijhnF ivwc kfnMUn mMqrI aqy gRih mMqrI sLfml hn.

1990 ivwc hirafxf dy zI[ jI[ pI[ jnfb aYs[ pI[ aYs[ rfTOr ny ruickf nfm dI iek nfbflg lVkI nfl kfmuk CyVCfV kIqI sI aqy ruickf ny ieh gwl afpxy mfipaF nMU dws idwqI sI. mfipaF ny hOslf kr ky ies mfmly dI sLkfieq puils kol drj krvf idwqI sI ijs nMU hirafxf df zI[ jI[ pI rfTOr hjLm nhIN sI kr sikaf sI. kfnMUn dy ies rfKy nMU sLrm qF Es vkq hI afAuxI cfhIdI sI jd ies ny mfsUm ruickf nfl kfmuk bdqfmIjLI kIqI sI pr hYrfnI ies gwl dI hY ik ies hYvfn nMU sLrm Es vkq qwk vI nf afeI jd ruickf dy mfipaF ny ies dI sLkfieq drj krvf idwqI sI.

rfTOr dI DI vI Esy skUl ivwc pVHdI sI ijs ivwc bdiksmq ruickf pVHdI sI aqy jy rfTOr ruickf dy mfipaF qoN aMdrKfqy muafPLI mMgxI cfhuMdf qF Auh ies skUl nMU jF afpxy dPLqr nMU “ivcoly” vjoN vrq ky ruickf dy mfipaF qoN idloN muafPLI mMg skdf sI. pr rfTOr ny kIqf ies dy swB kuJ Elt, Aus ny ies skUl, afpxy ahudy aqy dPLqr nMU ruckf aqy Aus dy pirvfr nMU sLkfieq krn vfsqy sbk isKfAux vfsqy vriqaf. rfTOr ny afpxf asr rfsuK vrq ky mfsUm bwcI ruickf nMU skUl ivwcoN afny bhfny kZvf idwqf.

ruickf aqy Aus dy mfipaF nMU pYr pYr `qy jLlIl kIqf igaf aqy ruickf dy Brf `qy 11 JUTy mukwdmy Tok idwqy gey. ruickf dy Brf df isrP eynf hI ksUr sI ik Auh iek aYsI bdnsIb lVkI df Brf sI ijs `qy hirafxf dy AuWc puils aPsr rfTOr dI burI njLr pY cuwkI sI. ruickf dy nbflg Brf afsLU ijs dI Aumr 14 sfl sI nUM vfhn corI dy 11 mfmilaF `c Psfieaf igaf sI.

pMckUlf dy sI[afeI[ey[ stfP ny akqUbr 1993 `c ruickf dy Brf afsLU `qy 11 mukwdmy drj krky Aus nUM 2 mhIny nfjfiejL ihrfsq `c rwiKaf aqy qIjy drjy dy qsLwdd kIqy sn. Aus nUM Qfxy qoN Cwzx vyly vI puils Aus nUM nMgf krky kuwtdI hoeI qmfsLbInF dy jlUs dI sLkl `c Gr Cwz ky geI sI. Aus qoN bfad rfTOr ny ruickf dy pirvfr nUM isLkfieq vfps lYx leI ikhf sI. puils dI kuwtmfr df isLkfr hoey afpxy Brf dI qrsXog hflq ruickf qoN dyKI nhIN jf rhI sI. ruickf vloN isLkfieq vfps nf lYx `qy jdoN rfTOr dy iesLry `qy hYdrfbfd dI puils ny afsLU nUM iPr qoN GroN cuwk ilaf qF ruickf burI qrHF tuwt geI aqy Aus ny 28 dsMbr 1993 nUM jLihr Kf ky KudkusLI kr leI sI. Aus vyly ruickf isrPL 17 sfl dI nbflg lVkI sI. ieh Bfxf rfTOr dI kfmuk CyVCfV qoN iqMn ku sfl bfad vfpiraf sI. 29 dsMbr nUM hirafxf puils afsLU dI kuwtmfr krky Aus nUM awDmrI hflq `c Aus dy Gr dy bfhr suwt geI sI aqy agly idn hI ruickf dy pirvfr vfly mkfn vyc ky isLmly cly gey sn. rfTOr ny pMckUlf aqy nrfiexgVH dy afpxI jfq dI bhuqfq vfly ielfikaF `c jf ky kuJ bMdy KrId ky lY aFdy sn, jo rojLfnf ruickf dy Gr jf ky rfTOr ijLMdfbfd dy nfary lfAuNdy qy gMdIaF gflHF kwZdy sn.

1990 qoN cwilaf hoieaf ieh kys ipCly hPLqy qwk jfrI irhf, ruickf nMU ies sMsfr qoN qur jfx leI mjLbUr kr idwqf igaf. prvfr nMU jLlIl kr ky Gr Cwzx leI mjbUr kr idwqf igaf. ies dOrfn keI srkfr bdlIaF pr rfTOr dI dfdigrI BfrU rhI. rfTOr BfvyN rftfier ho igaf pr afpxy iKlfPL sbUqF nMU ijs ZMg nfl Aus ny Kurdburd krvfieaf sI, Aus kfrn Auh afKr 6 mhIny dI mfmUlI sjLf aqy isrPL 1000 rupey df jLurmfnf krvf ky adflq ivwc muskrfAuNdf hoieaf jyqU ho ky inkilaf. pr rfTOr df ieh Brm kuJ GMty ivwc hI tuwt igaf jd Bfrq dy mIzIaf ny ies nMU pRmuwK KLbr bxf ky pysL kr idwqf. hr pfsy hfhfkfr mc geI aqy kyNdr dI srkfr hrkq ivwc af geI.

lokF dy sKq roh df sfhmxf kr rhI Bfrq srkfr dy kyNdrI kfnUMn mMqrI vIrwpf moielI ny 27 dsMbr nMU ikhf ik kyNdr ruickf igrhoqrf CyVKfnI mfmly dI dubfrf jFc dI hdfieq dyvygf aqy hux ieh hdfieq dy vI idwqI geI hY. hirafxf dy muwK mMqrI BuipMdr isMG huwzf ny vI ikhf sI ik ruickf kys dI dubfrf jFc krvfeI jfxI cfhIdI hY. kfnUMn mMqrI vIrwpf moielI ny ieh vI ikhf hY ik AunHF df sI[ bI[ afeI qy kOmI mihlf kimsLn nfl inrMqr sMprk hY aqy sfry pwKF dI gihrfeI qk jf ky kfnUMnI kfrvfeI aml ivc ilaFdI jfvygI. ies Dfrf hyT dosLI nUM PLFsI jF Aumr kYd qk dI sjLf ho skdI hY. kyNdrI gRih mMqrI sRI icMdfbrm ny vI ies mfmly qy sKLq ruK apxf ilaf hY ijs qoN afs bwJdI hY ik ruickf kFz nfl ‘iensfPL dy mwQy `qy lwgf klMk’ Dox vwl sfrQk kdm cuwky jf rhy hn. kyNdrI gRih mMqrflf rfTOr qoN puils mYzl vfps lYx aqy Aus dI pYnsLn rokx sbMDI vI 4 jnvrI nUM ivcfr kr irhf hY.

ruickf dy Brf afsLU igrhoqrf aqy Aus dy ipqf suBfsL cMdr igrhoqrf vwloN Qfxy ivc 2 drKfsqF dy afDfr `qy puils ny hux do prcy vI drj kr ley hn. ieh vI pqf lwgf hY ik puils ny rfTOr dI igRPLqfrI leI kfrvfeI sLurU kr idwqI hY. afsLU igrhoqrf vwloN idwqI drKfsq ivc Dfrf 166, 167, 191, 195-ey, 201, 307, 344, 347, 348, 357, 358, 467, 468, 471, 506 lf ky afeI[ pI[ sI[ Dfrf 120-bI anusfr kfrvfeI dI mMg kIqI geI hY jdoN ik ruickf dy ipqf suBfsL cMdr igrhoqrf dI drKfsq ivc Dfrf 166, 167, 191, 195, 201, 340, 344, 347, 348, 357, 358, 467, 468, 471, 506 lf ky afeI[ pI[ sI[ Dfrf 120 anusfr kfrvfeI dI mMg kIqI hoeI hY. ienHF drKfsqF ivc sfbkf zI[ jI[ pI[ hirafxf aYs[ pI[ aYs[ rfTOr aqy Aus dy sfQI hor puils aPsr, jY nrfiex ey[ aYs[ afeI[, pRym dwq aYs[ afeI, syvf isMG ey[ aYs[ afeI[ aqy hor keI ivakqI, ijnHF ny rfTOr dy kihx `qy irkfrz nfl CyVCfV kIqI hY, ivruwD kfnUMn kfrvfeI krn dI mMg kIqI hY. ruickf dy kys dI ipCly 19 sflF qoN pYrvfeI krdy vkIl pMkj Brdv, sihXogI vkIl rucI, isKVI, aMjU, sLrmf aqy ruickf dI shylI anurfDf dy ipqf afnMd pRkfsL ny pMckUlf dy puils kpqfn munIsL cODrI nUM iml ky aYP[ afeI[ afr[ dfKLl krn sbMDI sfry kfgjLfq pysL krky qurMq rfTOr nUM ihrfsq ivc lYx dI mMg kIqI hY. pqf lwgf hY ik sYsLn adflq ny rfTOr dI pysLgI jLmfnq dI arjLI rwd kr idwqI hY.

iensfPL dy mwQy `qy lwgf ieh klMk Dox vfsqy AuhnF swB dosLIaF dy iKlfPL kfrvfeI hoxI cfhIdI hY ijhnF ny zI jI pI rfTOr dy khy ruickf dy pirvfr `qy jLulm Zfihaf sI. ijs ZMg nfl lokF ivwc roh pYdf hoieaf hY aqy kyNdr srkfr hrkq ivwc afeI hY Aus qoN afs bwJdI hY ik sMsfr nMU alivdf afK cuwkI ruickf nMU do dhfikaF qoN bafd iensfP jLrUr imlygf.