BfrqI gxqMqr:  vfady aqy pRfpqIaF

krm brst

amrIkf dy mrhUm sdr abrfihm ilMkn dy hvfly nfl ikhf jFdf hY ik ‘jmhUrIaq lokF duafrf, lokF leI aqy lokF df cuixaf hoieaf rfj huMdf hY.’ kI ieh vfkaMsL jmhUrIaq  dy ikrdfr nUM mukMml qOr qy rUpmfn krdf hY? pwky rUp ivc ies df jvfb hF ivc dyxf musLkl huMdf jf irhf hY. ieh swc hY ik gxqMqr  dI pRxflI vfly dysLF ivc jnqf dy numfieMdy lokF dI bflg vot dy afDfr `qy cuxy jFdy hn. pRMqU ieh vI Aunf hI kTor swc hY ik ieh kiQq lok numfieMdy lokF dy asl numfieMdy bxn ivc asPl sfbq hoey hn aqy inwq vDvyN rUp ivc asPl sfbq ho rhy hn. sfzy afpxy mulk ivc purfxy lIzrF nUM Cwz vI dyeIey, mrhUm nrismHf rfE qoN lYky hfkmF dy mOjUdf sfry hI rvy qwk dy lok bysLk cuxy qF lokF vloN hI mMny jFdy hn, pMRqU aMqm qOr `qy hkIkq ivc Auh ivdysLI bhukOmI kMpnIaF aqy Bfrq dI dysI vwzI srmfeydfrI dy aqy vwzy BUmIpqIaF dy numfieMdy hI sfbq hoey hn .

ikhf jFdf hY ik Bfrq 15 agsq 1947 nUM ajLfd ho igaf aqy ieMzIan nYsLnl kFgrs ny lokF nUM ajLfdI lYky idwqI hY. afjLfdI dI ies iksm bfry vI icMqkF ivc mqByd hn. iek ivcfr ieh hY ik ieh afjLfdI asl ivc lokF leI nhIN, blik Bfrq dIaF dysI dlfl hfkm jmfqF leI afjLfdI hY, jdoN ik bhuigxqI BfrqI jnqf nUM grIbI mMdhflI aqy bykfrI qoN ibnF kuJ vI nhIN imilaf. dUjf ivcfr ieh hY ik mhfqmf gFDI qy jvfhr lfl nihrU dI agvfeI ivc dysL afjLfd krf ilaf igaf sI. aqy dysL ivc ivsLfl qrwkI hoeI hY, dysL hr Kyqr ivc afqm inrBr ho igaf hY. ijhVI mfVI motI ksr bfkI rihMdI hY, hux nvIaF afriQk nIqIaF, KuwlI mMzI dI ivvsQf aqy ivsLvIkrn dy mhOl ivc pUrI kr leI jfvygI.

ajLfdI qoN pihlF  aqy bfad dIaF hflqF df inrpwK ivsLlysLx krnf hovy qF pihlf ivcfr drusq idKfeI idMdf hY. dysL dI rsmI ajLfdI leI BfvyN BfrqI lokF ny bhfdrfnf sMGrsL lVy, sLhId Bgq isMG smyq hjLfrF lokF ny kurbfnIaF idwqIaF, pMRqU ieh sfrf kuJ afjLfdI dI pRfpqI leI kfPI nhIN sI. ieh gwl ienklfbI KfVkU sMGrsLF dy pRsMg ivc ho rhI hY, nf ik kFgrs vloN smyN smyN `qy aMgryjLF nfl smJOqy krky kIqy jFdy sLFqmeI aMdolnF dI. aMgryjLF dy Bfrq Cwz jfx df vwzf kfrn, BfrqI aMdoln nhIN sn bysLk ieh vI iek kfrn sn, sgoN dUjI sMsfr jMg ivc brqfnvI sfmrfj df byhwd kmjLor pY jfxf sI. hux Auh ies hflq ivc nhIN sI irhf ik afpxIaF bsqIaF `qy iswDf kMtrol kfiem rwK sky. dUjy bMnHy sovIaq rUs dI jMg ivc sLfndfr ijwq hox nfl dunIaF dy vwzy ihwsy df smfjvfd dy pRBfv  aDIn af jfxf sI. jy Bfrq ivc vI KrI ienklfbI pfrtI hMudI qF brqfnvI sfmrfj dy nfl hI dysI hfkmF dI vI sLfmq af jfxI sI. ieh sn Auh bfhrmuwKI hflfq ijMnF aDIn aMgryjLF nUM Bfrq Cwzxf ipaf. lokF dy hwQ ivc afjLfdI df CuxCuxf  vI af igaf, dysI hfkm jmfqF rfjBfg `qy kfbjL ho geIaF aqy sfmrfjI ivwqI pUMjI vI surwiKaq rhI. ies nfl kOmI mukqI  Bfv hkIkI afjLfdI df ‘swp’ vI mr igaf aqy luwt qy jbr dI sotI vI bc geI.

lokqMqrI srkfr ivc lokF dI sLmUlIaq dI gwl kIqI geI hY. muwZ qoN hI Bfrq ivc ieh ikqy vI idKfeI nhIN idMdI. afjLfdI dI pRfpqI vwl pihlf kdm siMvDfn GVnI sBf df gTn hoxf sI. ies sMivDfn GVnI sBf ivc dysI hfkm vrgF dy sBy numfieMdy sLfml sn,  lyikn lokF dy pRqIinD, jo Aus vkq iksy hwd qk kimAUinst aqy sLosLilst sn, ies ivc sLfml nhIN kIqy gey. AuhnF vloN ivroD krn dy bfvjUd vI sMivDfn sBf df punr gTn ho igaf sI. musilm lIg ny ies df bfeIkft kr rwiKaf sI. iek hor jQybMdI ihMdU mhFsBf nUM srkfrI qOr qy ies ivc sLfml nhIN kIqf igaf sI. lykn Pyr vI isLafmf pRsfd muKrjI aqy aYm[afr[jfiekr vrgy kwtV ihMdU iPrkfpRsq ies ivc sLfml sn.

Bfrq df sMivDfn, ‘‘asIN Bfrq dy lok Plfxf Plfxf aYlfn krdy hF’’ dy nfl sLurU huMdf hY. lyikn ieh aYlfn krn vfly kOx sn? Bfrq dI sMivDfn GVxI sBf df gTn Kud brqfnvI bsqIvfdIaF ny kIqf sI, jIhdy ivc 69 PIsdI mYNbr kFgrs pfrtI ivcoN sn.  ies sBf leI aDfr 1935 dy aYkt nUM bxfieaf igaf sI. sB nUM pqf hY ik ies kfnUMn jLrIey nvyN AuBr rhy BfrqI hfkm vrgF nUM srkfr ivc sLmUlIaq krn dI aqy rfjBfg dI isKlfeI lYx leI sImq KuwlH idwqI geI sI. vot pfAux df hwk vI aMgryjF dy vPLfdfrF aqy jfiedfd mflkF nUM hI pRfpq sI. afm lokF nUM qF vot pfAux df hwk hI nhIN sI, jykr ieh huMdf vI qF AuhnF ikhVf koeI jmrOd df iklf Zfh lYxf sI? 62 sflF dy lMby dOr ivc Zfhuxf qF dUr dI gwl, votF dI prcI nfl jLrf ijMnf mGorf vI nhIN ho sikaf. bkOl sLhId Bgq isMG goiraF dI QF lYx leI kfly qF pihlF hI zMz kwZ rhy sn. ies sMivDfn GVxI sBf dI ajLfdI bfry KLud mhfqmf gFDI nUM hI kihxf ipaf, ‘‘ieh sBf srb sLkqImfn (sovereign) nhIN hY. asIN iksy hor vwloN KVI kIqI sMsQf nUM ajLfd ikvyN kih skdy hF?’’ swqf bdlI qoN bfad ies sBf ivc kFgrs dy numfieMidaF dI sMiKaf 84 PIsdI ho  geI. purfxy rfjy, rjvfVy, ipMRs, vwzy BUmIpqI aqy dlfl srmfeydfrI  dy numfieMdy ies ivc sLfml sn, lyikn lokF dy pRqIinD nhIN sn, ikAuNik lokF nUM qF ajy vot pfAux df hwk hI nhIN imilaf sI.

 Bfrq ivc jo sMivDfn GiVaf qy lfgU kIqf igaf, ieh vwK vwK  dysLF dy sMivDfnF dI nkl hY, pRMqU ies df buinafdI afDfr 1935 df aYkt hI bixaf hY. ies sMivDfn ivc Auh sfry lwCx sLfml hn, jo brqfnvI kfnUMnF ivc sn. awj vI dysL dy pRmwuK kfnUMn ijvyN ik puils aYkt, krImInl pRosIjLr koz, afPIsLIal sIkrysI aYkt aqy rolt aYkt Bfv tfzf, potf ijhy kfnUMn, tryz XUnIan aYkt, zfk qy qfr, mulfjLmF dIaF  syvfvF bfry kfnUMn, vgYrf sfryy hI ibnF iksy Tos qbdIlI dy mOjUdf pRsLfsn df isLMgfr hn. POj, pulIs aqy nOkrsLfhI, ishq aqy iswiKaf pRxflI, awj vI AunF lIhF `qy cwl rhI hY, jo aMgryjLF ny BfrqI bsqI nUM kfbU hyT rwKx leI bxfeIaF sn. hYrfnI dI gwl nhIN hoxI cfhIdI  hY ik ies vyly, vwK vwK KyqrF nfl sbMDq, aMgryjLF  vloN bxfey 185 dy krIb aYkt Ausy hI rUp ivc BfvyN mfmUlI soDF nfl dysL ivc lfgU hn. Pyr Auh ikhVf aDfr hY , ijs dI ibnHf `qy Bfrq nUM iek vwzI jmhUrIaq ikhf jFdf hY? sLfied ies df kfrn sMivDfn ivc imly kuJ buinafdI aiDkfr hn.

            Dfrf 14 qoN sLurU huMdf pihlf buinafdI hwk hY ik ‘‘styt iksy vI Kyqr ivc iksy vI ivakqI nUM kfnUMn dI njLr ivc brfbrqf df hwk dyx qoN nFh nhIN krygI. AunF nUM brfbr dI kfnUMnI surwiKaf pRdfn kIqI jfvygI. ‘‘ sfry vwzy isafsI afgUaF, nOkrsLfhF aqy pulIs aPLsrF dy kys afpxy afp hI ies Dfrf `qy iBafnk ivaMg bxdy hn. awvl qF AunHF ivcoN iksy nUM vI sjLf nhIN hoeI, nf hovygI. jy hoeI vI qF Auh pIVq iDr dy jKLmF nUM hor AucyVx leI hovygI. Dfrf 15 aqy 16 sfry nfgirkF leI ilMg, jfq, Drm jF jnm asQfn  dy afDfr `qy ivqkrf krn dI mnfhI krdIaF hn. ienHF dIaF Aup DfrfvF ivc pwtIdrj  jfqF kbIilaF, pCVIaF  sLyxIaF, aOrqF qy bwicaF leI ivsLysL surwiKaf pRbMDF  dI ivvsQf kIqI geI hY. kI ieh sfrf kuJ hfsl kr ilaf igaf hY? aOrqF nUM brfbr kMm leI brfbr qnKfh Kfs krky gYr srkfrI, gYr jQybMd Kyqr ivc df inXm ajy vI supnf bixaf hoieaf hY. cOdF sfl qoN Gwt Aumr dy bwicaF koloN mjLdUrI krvfAuxf, keI sUibaF ivc dilq aOrqF nUM anykF qrIikaF nfl jLlIl krnf sQfpq pRMprf bxI hoeI hY.

19(1) vrgI ‘mhfn’ Dfrf qF burjLUaf icMqkF leI Auh ksqUrI hY, ijsdy ijLkr ibnF Bfrq dy mhfn gxqMqr dI vizafeI mukMml nhIN huMdI. ieh Dfrf dysL dy nfgirkF nUM bolx, iekwTy hox, XUnIanF bnfAux, GuMmx iPrn, ikqy vI sQfpq hox, jfiedfd KrIdx vycx, koeI vI ikwqf krn vrgy swq aihm jmhUrI hwk bKLsdI hY. lyikn Dfrf 19(2) dysL dI aMdrUnI surwiKaf, styt dI slfmqI jF ivdysLI rfjF nfl sbMDF nUM aFc afAux df bhfnf lgfky, Ausy hI sfh ivc ivc ieh sfry hwk KLqm kr idMdI hY.

ipCly 60 sflF aMdr sfzy dysL ivc bhuq kuwJ bdilaf hY, bdlI nhIN qF hfkmF dI qfsIr nhIN bdlI. vfady aqy pRfpqIaF ivclI KfeI hor cOVI huMdI jf rhI hY. sMkt vwD irhf hY aqy sMkt nfl inptx dI hfkmF dI asmrwQf vI. AuhnF kol aMgryjLF vFg ivvsQf dy dMdy iqwKy krn aqy jnqf nUM kuwtx qoN ibnF hor koeI cfrf nhIN bicaf. iesy dy aYn Ault lokF kol vI KLrI jLmhUrIaq Ausfrn  qoN ibnF koeI bdl nhIN irhf. ieh qF hux ieiqhfs hI dwsygf ik gxqMqr df dfavf krn vflIaF dovyN hI iDrF ivcoN aMqm ijwq kIhdI huMdI hY?

iksfnI dI mMdhflI aqy afVHqIaf pRbMD

-krm brst

 pMjfb srkfr vwloN iksfnF ƒ AuhnF dI KyqI ijxs bdly cYkF rfhIN iswDI adfiegI krn dy vfady hkIkq ivc bdlx qoN nfbr ho rhy hn. afVHqIaF ny vI afpxI XUnIan bxfky srkfr Aupr dbfa vDfieaf hoieaf hY. dyiKaf jfvy , gux aqy igxqI pwKoN afVHqIaF dI XUnIan dI koeI aOkfq nhIN hY. Auh nYiqk pwKoN vI srkfr jF smfj dy iksy vI vrg Aupr dbfa pfAux dy hwkdfr nhIN hn. Auh kyvl qy kyvl 1961 dy ‘‘KyqI pYdfvfr leI mMzI kfƒn`` dI Dfrf 10 anusfr ivkryqf aqy KrIddfr ivckfr ivcoly dI BUimkf inBfAux qwk sImq hn. AuNj vI AuhnF vwloN iksfnF nfl mfrIaF jFdIaF anykF iksm dIaF TwgIaF TorIaF qoN ielfvf ies aKOqI syvf bdly ZfeI PIsdI kimÈn vI imldf hY. qd vI Auh, KrIddfr vwloN ivkryqf Bfv iksfnF ƒ iswDI adfiegI df ivroD kr rhy hn. awj jdoN sfmrfjvfd dI CqrCfieaf aDIn dunIaF dy globl ipMz ivc vt jfx dIaF CurlIaF CwzIaF jf rhIaF hn, qF KrIdx aqy vycx vfly ivckfr ivcoilaF dI qF vYsy hI loV muwk jfxI cfhIdI hY. lyikn pMjfb srkfr ies kƒn ivc soD krn dI bjfey, quwky nfl zMg sfrnf cfhuMdI hY. asl ivc ieQy srkfr dI nIq ivc Kot hY. rfjqMqr ivcly bMidaF df krUrf qF afVHqIaF nfl imldf hY, lyikn votF dI grË AuhnF ƒ QuVF mfrI aqy kriËaF dI mDolI iksfnI nfl vfady krn leI mËbUr krdI hY.

buwDIjIvIaF qoN lYky vwK vwK vMngI dIaF srkfrF qwk, dyÈ dI iksfnI ƒ Gor sMkt ivc PsI hoeI qslIm krdIaF hn. iekmuÈq rfhq qoN lYky, krËf muafÌIaF jF krËy dIaF adfiegIaF ƒ awgy pfAux dy cocilaF nfl QuVF mfrI aqy CotI iksfnI ƒ vrcfAux dIaF koiÈÈF vI jfrI hn. srkfrF aqy AuhnF dy nIqI GfiVaF vwloN sMkt ƒ tfkIaF lgfky  tflx dy Xqn huMdy rihxy hn, ikAuNik mOjUdf ivvsQf ivc ies sMkt df pwkf hwl sMBv hI nhIN.  lyikn buwDIjIvIaF aqy iksfnF dI rKvflI krn df dfavf krn vflIaF bhuqIaF iksfn XUnIanF df vwzf ihwsf do gwlF df inqfrf krn ivc lgfqfr tplf Kf irhf hY.

 iek Auh iDr hY, ijhVI iksfnF ivckfr iksy vI iksm df vrg Byd krn qoN ienkfrI hI nhIN, sgoN AuhnF ƒ iksfnI dy ivÈfl cOKty ivc rwKky, sfiraF ƒ hI ieko ijhIaF irafieqF dyx dI hfmI hY. Auh ies gwl vwl iDafn nhIN idMdy ik KyqI sYktr ƒ imldIaF shUlqF aqy krËf muafPI dy ‘rotF` Aupr qF purfxy jgIrdfrF ivcoN plty pUMjIvfdI PfrmrF aqy aqy afpxI imhnq nfl jF twbr dy keI keI srkfrI mulfËmF aqy prvfsI kfimaF dy pYsy dI bdOlq nvyN pYdf hoey DnfZ iksfnF dI igrJI  awK itkI hoeI hY.  iksfn jQybMdIaF dI lIzriÈp dI bhuigxqI iesy soc ƒ pRxfeI hoeI hY.

 smJ dy ies tIr df hI iswtf hY, ik iksfnI dy nfm hyTF hI iksfn ivroDI rfjnIqI pUry joÈ nfl KyzI jf rhI hY. awj hflq ieh hY bx cuwkI hY, ik vwzy ËmIn mflk, iksfnI dy prdy hyTF imlx vflIaF sfrIaF shUlqF ƒ cUMzky lY jFdy hn aqy aslI iksfnF dI ivÈfl bhuigxqI leI cUrBor hI bcdf hY. muÌq ibjlI pfxI qoN lYky sihkfrI aqy srkfrI kriËaF dI shUlq qwk afm iksfnI df ÈoÈx krn vfly pUMjIvfdI lYNzlfrz aqy afVHqIaF df DMDf krn vfly DnfZ iksfn hI Pfiedf AuTfAuNdy af rhy hn. nObq ies pVfa qwk pruMc cuwkI hY, ik afVHqIaF ivc plty DnfZ iksfnF ny rvfieqI ÈfhUkfrF ƒ vI guwTy lgf ky, afVHqIaF dI pMjfb pwDrI jQybMdI Aupr kbËf jmf ilaf hY. afVHqIaF aqy iksfnF ivckfr idno idn iqwKy ho rhy tkrfa df iek vwzf kfrx ‘‘iksfn`` afVHqIaF df jfqpfqI GumMz vI afVy af irhf hY, ikAuNik Auh jwtvfdI hAUNmY dy Ëor nfl krËf vsUlI Aupr tyk rwK rhy hn. afVHqIaF df iehI Auh ihwsf hY, ijhVf mUhry ho hoky iswDI adfiegI df ivroD kr irhf hY, ikAuNik afVHq dy mOjUdf rUp ivc hI iehnF dI luwt aqy qfËI qfËI amIrI df rfË Cuipaf hoieaf hY.

 ijQoN qwk iksfnF aqy iksfn jQybMdIaF  df sbMD hY, Auh lgBg iek nukqy Aupr phuMcIaF idKfeI idMdIaF hn ik pMjfb dy iksfnF dI durdÈf leI sUdKorI iËMmyvfr hY. ies qoN bcx dy iek rfh vjoN, iksfnF ƒ KrIddfrF koloN iswDI adfiegI dI mMg AuTdI rhI hY. ipClI kFgrs srkfr ny iksfnF ƒ vrcfAux leI, AuhnF ƒ cYkF rfhIN adfiegI krn df PYslf lY ilaf sI, lyikn afVHqIaF dy dbfa aqy votF dIaF igxqIaF imxqIaF sdkf iesƒ lfgU krn qoN tflf vwt ilaf sI. ÈRomxI akflI dl (bfdl) ny iksfnF dIaF votF vtorn leI cYkF rfhIN adfiegI krn df vfadf kIqf sI, lyikn ajy kIqy aYlfnF dI isafhI vI nhIN sI suwkI, ik Kud hI afVHqIey bxy DnfZ ijmINdfrF dy iek qoN bfad dUjf iekwT aqy zYpUtyÈnF dy zrfmy krvfky, ies vfady dI imwtI plIq kr idwqI.

hkIkq ivc dyiKaf jfvy qF iksfnF ƒ adfiegI BfvyN nkd hovy jF cYk rfhIN, AuhnF dI luwt ivc buinafdI Ìrk nhIN pYx lwigaf. imsfl vjoN, pRfeIvyt sYktr dy anykF adfry afpxy mulfËmF ƒ cYkF rfhIN hI adfiegI krdy hn, lyikn cYk dyx qoN pihlF ‘‘vfDU`` rkm vfps lY lYNdy hn jF AuhnF dy Kfqy vI afp apryt krdy hn. ies leI iksfnI dI luwt aqy krËfeI hflq df Byd Psl dI adfiegI dy rUp ivc nhIN hY. Pyr vI hryk Auqpfdk vFg, iksfn df vI jmhUrI hwk hY, ik Ausƒ  ivcoly dI bjfey, KrIddfr koloN iswDI adfiegI imly. iksfnF dy ies jmhUrI hwk dI sBƒ hmfieq krnI cfhIdI hY aqy pMjfb srkfr Aupr dbfa pfAuxf cfhIdf hY, ik Auh mMzI kfƒnF ivc ZukvIN soD kry, nhIN qF cYkF vflI gwl ÌrybI vfady qoN ibnF kuwJ vI nhIN hY. mslf kyvl adfiegIaF dy rUp qwk sImq nhIN hY.

ieh kihxf TIk nhIN hovygf ik pMjfb ivc afVHqIaf pUMjI hI iksfnF dI mMdhflI leI ijMmyvfr hY. pihl ipRQmy qF ieh ivkfsmuKI BUimkf inBfAux vwl ruicq rhI hY. dUjf, KyqI sYktr ivc iesdf lgBg AuhI Xogdfn hY, ijho ijhf snaqI Kyqr ivc bYNk pUMjI df huMdf hY. iek pVfa qwk, ieh KyqI ivkfs ƒ jkVx dI bjfey, hulfrf dyx dy kMm afAuNdI rhI hY. Pyr iek pVfa aijhf afieaf, jdoN KyqI ivcoN pYdf hoeI vfPr kdr muV KyqI jF snaq ivc lwgx dI bjfey gYr Auqpfdk kfrjF ivc Krc hoxI ÈurU hoeI.aqy hux ieh afpxf rfh ÈfhUkfrf pUMjI ivc qlfÈ rhI hY. iek gwl cyqy rwKx vflI hY ik sfrI sUdKor pUMjI ivafjU pUMjI qF huMdI hY, lyikn sfrI ivafjU pUMjI sUdKor nhIN huMdI. ies leI isrÌ sUdKor pUMjI ƒ hI iksfnF dI kMgflI ƒ qyË krn vflI ikhf skdf hY, jdik ivafjU pUMjI KyqI sYktr dy ivkfs ivc AuvyN hI shfeI huMdI hY, ijvyN snaq ivc.

 asl ivc CotI iksfnI kyvl ivafjU pUMjI dI luwt krky hI nhIN mr rhI, sgoN ieh KuwlI mMzI dIaF bylgfm qfkqF dI DMgyV Jwlx dy smrwQ nhIN hY, aqy nf hI ho skdI hY, ikAuNik BfrqI mMzI df ‘‘DrmI kMzf`` Coty iksfnF nfl pfskU mfrn df afdI hY.

 qd vI ies df mqlb ieh nhIN ik pMjfb aMdr sUdKorI koeI smwisaf hI nhIN hY. asl ivc ieQoN dI KyqI aMdrly pUMjIvfd dy apfhj Kfsy ƒ smJx dI loV hY. iek pfsy cwl rhy ivsQfrI pYdfvfr df vrqfrf ikrq ÈkqI ƒ lgfqfr KyqI ivcoN kwZ irhf hY aqy dUjy pfsy snaq df ivkfs vI nhIN ho irhf. vsoN dI vwzI igxqI ruËgfr leI KyqI Aupr inrBr nf ho ky vI, ijAuNdy rihx leI ËmIn Aupr Bfr bxI hoeI hY. KyqI dy munfPy df vwzf ihwsf ienputs pYdf krn vflIaF sfmrfjI kMpnIaF dI JolI ivc  jf irhf hY.

 smuwcy Bfrq dy arD jgIrU pRbMD ivc pMjfb vrgy KyqI dy Aunq iKwqy pUMjIvfdI pYdfvfr pRxflI  ivc dfKl hox dy bfvjUd vI dlfl aqy ivdyÈI pUMjI  dy glby aDIn hn. iesy leI hI ieQy afVHqIaf isstm vrgy pUrv srmfeydfrfnf pRbMD itky hoey hn. POrI pRsMg ivc CotI iksfnI ƒ lfmbMd krky, Ausƒ ies asfvyN afriQk inËfm dy ÈoÈx dIaF brIkIaF bfry cyqMn krn dI loV hY. ies leI iksfnF dI hkIkI mukqI leI AuhnF dy sMGrÈF ƒ smfijk qbdIlI dy dyÈ ivafpI sMgrfm nfl joVnf hovygf. smuwcI imhnqkÈ jnqf dI mukqI nfl hI pMjfb dI iksfnI dI bMdKlfsI sMBv hY.

kfrporytI jgq aqy rfjkI qMqr: kfrobfrI sLrIky ivcoN inkldy swc

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sUbfeI mIzIey ny dysL dy sB qoN vwzy kfrporyt Grfxy dy do PrjLMdF ivcfly AuTy qfjLf JgVy vwl Gt hI iDafn idwqf hY. JgVf ikRsLnf godfvrI ndI jl Kyqr ivco ProlI geI kudrqI gYs nfl sbMDq hY. apRYl 2000 ivc aMbfnI Grfxy aqy nfeIko vloN inwjIkrn dIaF nIqIaF qihq imlIaF CotF nfl, amrIkf dI sB qoN AuGI  prf-rfsLtrI kMpnI bYctYl dI mdd nfl kudrqI gYs lwBx df pRfjYkt sLurU kIqf sI. ies pRfjYkt ivcoN lwBI gYs nUM qrjIhI qOr qy srkfrI adfry kOmI Qrml ibjlI kfrporysLn nUM vyicaf jfxf sI. smyN dy vihx nfl DIrU BfeI df idhFq ho igaf aqy Ausdy dovyN PrjLMdF  ivckfr Pwut pY geI aqy kfrobfr vwK vwK ho gey. ikRsLnf godfvrI gYs ijsdy 18 Kyqr hn, vwzy Brf mukysL aMbfnI dy ihwsy af igaf, pRMqU Ausny ainl nUM vI gYs ivcoN ihwsf dyxf sI. iesy sfl zI-iek aqy zI-3 ivcoN gYs Auqpfdn sLurU ho igaf hY. ieh pRfjYkt afpxI 11 sflF dI  anumfnq ijMdgI  ivc 42 iblIan zflr arQfq awj dIaF kImqF qy 205800 kroV rupey  dI kmfeI krygf.

ieh Auh smF sI jdoN zf[ mnmohn isMG dI agvfeI hyTlI sFJy pRgqIsLIl gTjoV dI pihlI srkfr hoNd ivc afeI sI. ies srkfr dy qqkflI pYtrolIam mMqrI mxIsLMMkr aeIar ny ierfn-Bfrq gYs pfeIp lfeIn  dI gwl CyVI hoeI sI. ieh smJOqf lgBg isry cVH cwilaf sI, lyikn srkfr ny amrIkI pRsLfsLn dy dbfa aDIn ny nf kyvl ies pRfjYkt nUM Twp krky rwK idwqf blik mxIsLMMkr dI QF qy aMbfnI pirvfr dy gUVHy imqr murlI idEVf nUM ibTf idwqf igaf. afpF ieQy ivsQfr ivc nhIN jfvFgy, lyikn ies GtnfkRm ivcoN iqMn iswty inkly. pihlf, ies nfl ierfn-Bfrq gYs pfeIp lfeIn  df jMmx qoN pihlF hI glf Guwt idwqf igaf, ijsdy anykF hI afrQk aqy isafsI iswty inkly aqy inkldy rihxy hn. dUjf, iesdy ievjL ivc amrIkf ny Bfrq nfl gYr-POjI pRmfxUM smJOqf kr ilaf, ijs nfl Bfrq nUM BivK ivc XUrynIam dI kiQq splfeI df rfh moklf ho igaf. qIjf, amrIkf nfl pRmfxUM smJOqy dy svfl qy jdoN KbIaF pfrtIaF ny srkfr qoN hmfieq vfps lY leI qF ieh aMbfnI Brf hI sn, ijhnF ny afpo afpxy qrIky nfl 49 sMsd mYNbrF dy mUMh qy cFdI dI juwqI mfrky srkfr dy pwK ivc Bugqf idwqf aqy zf[ mnmohn isMG dI srkfr tutxoN bc geI. sMsd mYNbrF dI KrIdo PLroKq qF pihlF vI huMdI suxI jFdI rhI hY, lyikn BfrqI dlfl srkfeydfrI dy nvyN poc df sMsd dI jLmIr Aupr ieh pihlf nMgf icwtf kbjLf sI.

gwl ieQy hI Kqm ho jFdI qF vI BfrqI sMsd dI mirafdf bxI rihMdI aqy ies dI inrpwKqf  Aupr prdf ipaf rihMdf. lyikn ainl aMbfnI  vloN gYs ivvfd nUM lY ky  bMbeI hfeI kort ivc kys kr idwqf igaf. ikAuNik qyl vjLfrq ny gYs dIaF kImqF ivc dKl dyx qoN ienkfr kr idwqf sI aqy nfl hI  kMpnI adflq ny ainl dy ivroD ivc PYslf dy idwqf sI. Pyr vI srkfrI ivroD dy bfvjUd vI 15 jUn nUM PYslf Ausdy pwK ivc ho igaf. hux qwk murlI idEVf dI agvfeI  hyTlI pYtrolIam vjLfrq ijhVI cupcfp qmfsLf dyK rhI sI, acfnk hrkq ivc  af geI. Ausny irlfieMs kMpnI dI pRfeIvyt mflkI hyTlI  gYs dI pRsqfvq kImq 2[34 zflr  (krIb 115 rupey)  qoN vDf ky 4[20 zflr (krIb 206 rupey) qwk cwuk idwqI, ijs nfl mukysL aMbfnI dI iDr nUM 50000 kroV rupey df supr munfPLf hoxf sI. iesdf ainl aMbfnI nUM jy koeI nuksfn hoxf sI, Aus nfl afm lokF df koeI vfsqf vI nhIN. pRMqU iehdy nfl gYs aQfrtI, kOmI Kfd plftF aqy kOmI Qrml ibjlI pRfjYktF nUM  30000 kroV  rupey df ijhVf nuksfn Jwlxf pYxf sI, Auh afm BfrqI jnqf dIaF jybF ivcoN hI kwiZaf jfxf sI.

ainl aMbfnI dI jdoN  hor iksy pfsy pysL nf geI qF Ausdy qurMq do gwlF kIqIaF. iek qF smfjvfdI pfrtI aqy hornF gruwpF aMdrly afpxy jLrKrId sMsd mYbrF vloN sMsd ivc KrUd KVf krvf idwqf. ijhVy kdy dovyN BrfvF dy  sFJy dyxdfr huMdy sn, iek dy pfsy ho gey aqy gYs dy msly nUM kOmI ihwqF df muwdf bxf ilaf. sMsd dy bjt sYsn ivc 27  julfeI qoN lYky 7 agsq qwk Auh ByV mwicaf ik sMsd dy dovyN sdnF dy mYNbr do do tolIaF ivc vMzy gey aqy AuhnF ny ikRkt dy ivkfAU mfl vFg Auh Kyz KyzI ik koeI luklukf nf rih igaf ik BfrqI rfj ivvsQf ikvyN aqy kfhdI Kfqr vwzy vwzy srmfeydfrF dy hwQF dI kTpuqlI vFg nwcdI af rhI hY. ainl aMbfnI vflI kMpnI ny dUjI sB qoN  aihm (sLfied ieh kfrobfrI jgq dI pihlI Gtnf sI) gwl ieh kIqI ik dysL dy qkrIbn sfry hI kOmI aKbfrF ivc iesLiqhfrI rUp ivc 17 agsq qoN lYky 21 agsq  qwk pMj svfl puwCy gey, BfvyN ieh iesLiqhfr jnqk aqy kOmI ihwq ivc jfrI kIqy dwsy gey, lyikn iesny pRfeIvyt kfrobfr aqy srkfrI qMqr dIaF mhIn qMdF nUM jwg-jLfhr kr idwqf. ainl muqfbk mukysL nUM 50,000 kroV df supr munfPLf hovygf, aYn[tI[ pI[sI[ nUM 30,000 kroV df Gftf pvygf aqy kyNdrI srkfr dy pwly isrP 500 kroV hI pYxgy. 

sMsfrIkrn, AudfrIkrn aqy inwjIkrn dIaF nIqIaF nUM srb duwKF dI dfrU kihx vflI mOjUdf srkfr iehnF nMgy qwQF nfl qVPL AuTI hY. isKrly guMbd qy bYTy ijhVy bMidaF ny iemfndfrI aqy kusLlqf df burkf cfVH rwiKaf hY aqy ijhVy kuJ hPqy pihlF hI iek kyNdrI jFc eyjMsI nUM irsLvqKorI dy mfmilaF ivc  vwzIaF mwCIaF nUM suwkIaF nf jfx dyx dIaF nsIhqF kr rhy sn, Dur aMdr qwk kMb gey hn. ijhVy BrfvF dy rihm sdmf ipClI srkfr bcI sI, Auh afpo ivc lVdy rihx hfkmF leI cMgI gwl nhIN  hY. iehdy nfl bhuq sfry rfjL nMgy ho skdy hn. lyikn kfrobfrI sLrIkf hux bhuq dUr qwk jf cuwkf sI. Coty nUM XrkfAux leI ibafn dfgy gey ik srkfr Aus ivrwuD mfnhfxI df kys krygI. ainl aMbfnI Aupr koeI asr nhIN hoieaf. sLfied Auh afpxI jyb ivc pey qfsL dy gulfmF dI nfV nfV qoN  jfxUM  hY. afs muqfbk kyNdrI srkfr ny Aus iKlfPL koeI kys drjL nhIN krvfieaf. Aultf suprIm kort ivc ieh dfavf pysL kr idwqf ik Bfrq srkfr hI gYs vrgy kudrqI sroq dI mflk hY aqy AusnUM hI ies dI kImq qYa krn df hwk hoxf cfhIdf hY. BfvyN ik ieh dlIl Aukf hI JUTI  aqy jnqf dIaF awKF ivc Gwtf pfAux vflI sI, Pyr vI ainl dy rfs bYTdI sI, Auh nhIN sI cfhMudf ik Aus df sLrIk iekwlf hI mflk bixaf bYTf rhy aqy gYs dIaF mnmrjLI dIaF kImqF aqy KrIddfr qYa krdf iPry.

ijs vyly Bfrq df pYtrolIam mMqrI gYs dI kImq  ivc kIqy 79 PIsdI vfDy nUM jfiejL Tihrf irhf sI, Ausy vyly ainl aMbfnI  inwjI kfrobfrIaF dyy aMdrly prdy vI Prol irhf sI. Ausdf kihxf sI ik jykr gYs dI kImq 2[34 zflr pRqI imlIan Qrml XUint vI rwKI jfvy qF vI iehdy ivcoN duwgxy dy brfbr munfPLf hfsl huMdf hY. AusdI pRoVqf kridaF hfeIzrokfrbn  dy zfierYktr jnrl ny 5 agsq nUM ieh Byd vI jwg-jLfihr kr idwqf ik ikRsLnf-godfvrI dy gYs KUh ivcoN inklx vflI gYs dI Auqpfdn lfgq isrP 1[28 zflr pRqI imlIan  XUint pYNdI hY.  dUjy pfsy kImqF  vDfAux dI vYsy vI koeI quwk nhIN bxdI ikAuNik gYs dIaF kOmFqrI kImqF ivc pihlF hI mMdy df ruJfn hY.

asl ivc do BrfvF dy inwjI JgVy ivcoN keI svfl AuTdy hn. ieMspYktrI rfj Kqm krn dy nfm hyTF AudfrIkrn dIaF nIqIaF nUM sfhmxy ilaFdf igaf, ijhdy nfl vwzy kfrobfrI GrfixaF nUM Kuwl Kyzx dy mOky pRdfn kIqy gey. AuhnF ny srkfrI adfiraF aqy afm lokF nUM mfl vycx leI mnmrjLI dIaF kImqF vsUlIaF. vwzI pwDr qy tYks corI  kIqy. afpxy Krcy vDf cVHf ky dwsy aqy srkfrI iemdfdF dy gwPy vI vsUly. aMbfnIaF ny qF ieho  ijhy pRfjYktF ivc pYsf lfieaf ijQy tYks hI nhIN sI dyxf pYNdf. ivsLysL afriQk jLonF dI nIqI ny qF ieh hor vI mflfmfl kr idwqy. ipCly kuJ sflF qoN ieh dovyN Brf vwKo vwKry qOr qy sMsfr pwDry Dn kubyrF dI Porbs sUcI ivc pihly dsF ivc af rhy hn.

kudrqI qyl aqy gYs vI aijhf hI iek sroq hY. iksy vyly ieh qyl aqy kudrqI gYs kimsLn dI ieklOqI mflkI aDIn huMdf sI. AudfrIkrn dy nfl juVI inwjIkrn aqy sMsfrIkrn dI nIqI ny dysI dlflF aqy ivdysLI DnkubyrF nUM vI pUMjI invysL dI afigaf dy idwqI. E[ aYn[jI[ sI[ aqy gyYs aQfrtI vrgy munfPLf kmfAU jnqk adfiraF nUM vI ivkrI qy lgf idwqf. srkfrI mflkI vflIaF sMsQfvF vloN kudrqI vsIilaF dy pihlF hI lwBy Kyqr dysI aqy ivdysLI pUMjIpqIaF dy hvfly kr idwqy. jdoN aMbfnIaF ny ies pRfjYkt ivc pYsf lgfieaf, qF dovyN Brf hI srkfr nUM cUMzx leI iGE-iKcVI sn, lyikn vpfr vMzy jfx sdkf, iek dUjy dy kfrobfrI sLrIk bx gey.

asl ivc ieh smwisaf nf isrP do BrfvF dy sLrIky dI hY, nf hI srkfrI qMqr dy ivkfAU bx jfx dI. bjLfrU sLkqIaF awj kl ijhVf nMgf nfc nwwc rhIaF hn, AuhnF ny rfqo rfq amIr bxn aqy dUijaF nUM byrihmI nfl lqfV ky awgy lMG jfx dI iPLqrq pYdf kIqI hY . mMzI dy KOrU ivc ivakqI iensfn nhIN rihMdy, isrP KpqBogI hMudy hn. ieh iek aijhf mfnisk rog hY, ijsdf koeI ielfj nhIN. dysL dIaF mOjUdf nIqIaF ny iek pfsy amIr KpqkfrIaF aqy DnkubyrF df iek Cotf ijhf vrg pYdf kIqf hY aqy dUjy pfsy grIbI aqy bykfrI df ivsLfl mfrUQl hY, ijsdy ivc afm lokF leI kdy kdy idsdI imrg iqRsLnf qoN vwD kuJ vI nhIN huMdf. jy iehI hfl irhf qF Dn kubyrF nUM lokF dy PYldy roh qoN koeI nhIN bcf skygf.

rfjF nUM vDyry aiDkfrF leI KyqrI pfrtIaF df eykf

-krm brst

aMdolnF, moricaF aqy iqwKI sLbdfvlI qoN ibnF, iek sLFqmeI aqy cupcpIqI muihMm cwl rhI hY. ies vfr koeI iek pfrtI jF sUbf  srkfr nhIN, blik kFgrs smyq sfrIaF pfrtIaF dIaF sUbF srkfrF ny pihlI vfr iekwTy hoky 13vyN ivwq kimsLn nUM mMg pwqr sONpky, mMg kIqI hY, ik sUibaF nUM kyNdrI tYksF ivcoN GwtoGwt 50 PIsdI ihwsf idwqf jfvy. ies vyly rfjF nUM isrPL 30[5 PLIsdI ihwsf hI iml irhf hY. rfjF nUM afpxIaF muwZlIaF loVF pUrIaF krn leI vI kyNdr vwl Jfkxf pYNdf hY. sfry tYks sUibaF ivcoN iekwTy huMdy hn, pRMqU AuhnF dI bFdr-vMz kyNdrI srkfr vwloN kIqI jFdI hY. kyNdrI srkfrF BfvyN iksy vI pfrtI jF morcy dIaF hox, ivroDI pfrtIaF dI agvfeI vfly sUibaF nfl ivqkrf krdIaF af rhIaF hn. asl ivc ieh Bfrq dI sMivDfnk pRxflI ivc hI ikqy Kot hY, ijs kfrx pfskU hmysLf hI kyNdr dy hwQ ivc rihMdf hY. kihx nUM qF Bfrq dy rfjkI ZFcy nUM PYzrl ivvsQf df nfm idwqf igaf hY, lyikn qwq ivc ieh kyNdrIikRq rfj pRbMD hI hY.  

Bfrq df sMivDfn aMgryjF vwloN pfs kIqy 1935 dy aYkt df hI soiDaf hoieaf rUp hY. 1947 dI swqf bdlI nfl, dysL dI vMz hox nfl sLrnfrQIaF nUM muV vsfAux, rjvfVfsLfhI irafsqF nUM kfbU hyTF rwKx, dysL dI srmfeydfrI dy ivkfs leI afDfr ZFcf KVf krn afid dy bhfny hyTF mjLbUq kyNdr dI vkflq kIqI geI. smvrqI sUcI ivc rwKy 66 ivisLaF smyq kyNdr ny afpxy kol sB qoN aihm 97 ivsLy rwKky, sUibaF nUM isrPL 47 ivsLy sONpky, sfrI swqf nUM jwPf mfr ilaf. sUbfeI mihkimaF ivc vI kyNdr dI  iksy nf iksy bhfny dKLlaMdfjLI huMdI hI rihMdI hY. aijhI hflq ivc sUibaF nUM lfjLmI hI, smwisafvF afAuxIaF sn. sMn 1967 qwk ikAuNik kyNdr aqy sUibaF ivc kFgrs pfrtI hI rfj krdI sI, ies leI ksLmIr aqy kyrl nUM Cwzky, koeI vwzI smwisaf nhIN afeI.

1960ivaF dy dUsry awD ivc KyqrI pfrtIaF dy rfjnIqk AuBfr nfl, rfjF leI KudmuKqfrI dI lihr nUM keI Auqrfa cVHfa dyKx peyy hn. pMjfb, jMmU ksLmIr, qfimlnfzU aqy pwCmI bMgfl AuhnF sUibaF ivcoN mohrI rhy hn, ijhnF ny rfjF leI KudmuKqfrI jF vDyry aiDkfrF leI vwzy jF Coty sMGrsL kIqy hn. ksLmIr vfdI vFg hI, qfimlnfzU ivc qF iek smyN qwk dysL nfloN vwKry hox dI mMg kfPI jLordfr rhI hY. BfvyN akflI dl ies mMg nUM AuTfAux vfilaF ivcoN mohrI irhf hY, lyikn Auh ‘‘vwKry iswK rfj’’ aqy ‘‘homlYNz’’ vrgy amUrq sMklpF ivc Btkdf irhf hY. ies mMg nUM Tos rUp dyx df ishrf zI[ aYm[ ky[ nUM jFdf hY. iesny sqMbr 1969 ivc, rfjfmwnfr kmytI df gTn kIqf, ijsny kyNdr rfj sbMDF nUM muV Zflx leI iqwKIaF soDF dI isPLfrs kIqI. ieh isPLfrsF rfjF nUM vwzI mfqrf ivc pRbMDkI aqy ivwqI ajLfdI dI jLfmnI idvfAux vflIaF sn.

kOmI mukqI dI lihr dOrfn, kFgrs pfrtI dy afhlf afgUaF ny, vwK vwK kOmIaqF nUM BuclfAx leI sfrIaF nfl hI luBfAuxy vfady kIqy sn. AuhnF df ieko iek mksd ikvyN nf ikvyN kyNdr aqy sUibaF dIaF srkfrF Aupr kbjLf krnf sI, aqy Auh aMgryjL hfkmF nfl sLrmnfk smJOqy krky aijhf krn ivc sPLl vI rhy. kOmIaqF dy hwQ bws lfiraF dy zOrU PVf idwqy gey. BfrqI Aup- mhFdIp dI qfjLf hoeI vMz kfrx BfrqI dlfl hfkmF dI ivsLfl mMzI df iek vDIaf totf Kuws igaf sI. nvyN hfkmF nUM iekjut aiq isiKaq POj, aMgrjLF dI cMzI hoeI nOkrsLfhI, zyZ hjLfr dy krIb lok ivroDI kfnUMn, pulIs pRbMD aqy prKI hoeI inaF pRxflI ivrfsq ivc imly sn. mwukdI gwl hkUmq df colLf hI bdilaf, jdik afqmf AuhI sI.

bfkI sUibaF vFg, akflI dl ny pMjfbI sUby dI mMg AuuTfeI, BfvyN ik AuhnF df mMqv iek aijhf sUbf prfpq krn df sI, ijs ivc iswK abfdI dI bhuigxqI hovy, ikAuNik akflI dl iswKF dI ieko  iek vfhd jQybMdI hox df dfavf vI krdf sI. pMjfb dI smwisaf kfPI pycIdf bxI hoeI sI. 1947 dI vMz dy jKLm ajy hry sn. BfsLf dy aDfr `qy pMjfb dI aglyrI vMz nUM iksy ‘‘iswK homlYNz’’, ‘‘vwPr styt,’’ ‘‘iswKF leI KudmuKqfr iKwqy’’ aqy ‘‘Kfilsqfn’’ dI nvIN mMg vjoN ilaf igaf. cUMik Bfrq aqy pfiksqfn dI vMz hI ‘‘do kOmF dy bdnfm isDFq’’ Aupr hoeI sI, ies leI kyNdrI hfkmF nUM KLqrf sI, ik pMjfbI sUby dI mMg iksy pVfa `qy jfky vwKry ‘iswK rfj’ dI mMg ivc vI plt skdI hY, aqy aijhf hoieaf vI.

BfsLfeI aDfr `qy vwKry rfj dI kfiemI dy sMGrsL nUM bl imlx nfl 1966 ivc pMjfbI sUbf bx sikaf. iPr vI kyNdrI irafsq ny iesdI sLkl ivgfV idwqI. aihm msilaF df hwl hI nhIN kIqf igaf. iswKF aMdr ieh aihsfs PYlx suBfivk sI, ik AuuhnF nfl ivqkrf kIqf jf irhf hY. ies GtnfkRm ivcoN, akflIaF nUM iqwKf aihsfs ho igaf sI ik Auh srb-sLkqImfn kyNdr dIaF kutl cflF mUhry, pMjfb ivc ijwqky vI rfj nhIN kr skdy. rfjF nUM vDyry aiDkfrF dI jLfmnI hox nfl hI KyqrI pfrtIaF swqf ivc rihx dI afs rwK skdIaF sn. pMjfb hI dysL df ieko iek aijhf aBfgf sUbf hY, ijs ivc 1947 dI swqfbdlI ‘qoN bfad pUry nON vfrI rfsLtrpqI rfj lfgU kIqf jf cuwikaf hY. akflI dl ny akqUbr 1973 ivc afnMdpur sfihb df mqf ilaFdf. lyikn AuhnF ny afpxy jmFdrU kmlpuxy nfl glqI ieh kIqI ik iesnUM Dfrimk ‘bfxf’ pihnf idwqf. ies mqy ivc aijhy KLudmuKLqfr rfj dI mMg rwK idwqI geI, ijs ivc ‘KLflsy jI kf bolbflf hovy.’ nfl hI ieh mMg vI kwZ mfrI ik ‘‘ iek aijhf iKwqf hoxf cfhIdf hY, ijs ivc iswK afpxf sMivDfn Kud GV skx.’’ ies KLudmuKLqfr rfj kol ivdysLI mfmly, rwiKaf, krMsI aqy dUrsMcfr nUM Cwzky bfkI sfry aiDkfr hox. ipwCoN jfky, akqUbr 1978 ivc luiDafxf ivKy hoeI akflI knvYnsLn ivc ies mqy ivcoN KLudmuKLqfr rfj aqy vwKry sMivDfn vflIaF sqrF kwZ idwqIaF geIaF, ijs krky ieh Dfrmk sLbdfvlI ‘qoN kfPLI hwd qwk mukq ho igaf. akflIaF vwloN Dfrf 356 aqy 365 nUM sMivDfn ivcoN KLfrj krn dI mMg iblkul hI jfiejL hY. afnMdpur sfihb dy mqy df isafsI qwq sfry sUibaF KLfs krky pMjfb nUM vDyry aiDkfr idvfAuxf hI sI. 

DrmXuwD morcy dy huMgfry vjoN ieMdrf gFDI vwloN mfrc 1983 ivc kyNdr-rfj sbMDF dI njLrsfnI leI bxfey srkfrIaf kimsLn dIaF isPLfrsF koeI Tos suJfa nhIN dy skIaF. afpxy gTn qoN pMj sflF bfad 1988 ivc pysL kIqI kimsLn dI irport dy suJfa qwq ivc inrol drsLnI aqy lIpfpocI krn vfly hn. kimsLn dIaF isPLfrsF df ieko iek lfB ieh hoieaf hY, ik hux kyNdrI srkfr Dfrf 356 dI bhuq hI sMkocvIN vrqoN krn lwgI hY. rfjpflF dI inXukqI jF vfps bulfAuxf, iksy sUby ivc kyNdrI blF dI qfienfqI, kyNdrI kfnUMnF nUM Tosxf, tYks pRxflI, ivwqI vsIilaF dI vMz, kyNdrI pRfjYktF dI alftmYNt, sUibaF dIaF slfnf XojnfvF, kyNdrI skImF leI grFtF jfrI krnIaF, afid ikMny hI buinafdI msly hn, ijhVy ik nijwTxy bxdy hn. ies leI kyNdr-rfj sbMDF ivc dosqfnf sMquln ibTfAux leI Bfrq df sMivDfn sMpUrn smIiKaf dI mMg krdf hY.

dysL ivc 1996 qoN lYky, kyNdr ivclIaF sfrIaF srkfrF KyqrI pfrtIaF dy shfry cwldIaF af rhIaF hn. akflI dl, zI aYm ky, qYlgU dysLm, nYsLnl kfnPrMs, asm gx pRIsLd, iqRxmUl kFgrs, iqlMgfnf rfsLtrIaf simqI, cOtflf aqy ajIq isMG dy lok dl, jnqf dl dIaF anykF PFkF aqy sBqoN aihm sMsdI KwbIaF pfrtIaF, sfry hI sUibaF dI KudmuKqfrI dy pwK ivc hn. lyikn ieh pfrtIaF iekjuwt nf hoky, qfkqvr kyNdr dIaF mudweI kFgrs aqy Bfjpf dovF dy moiZaF Aupr vfrovfrI JUty lY rhIaF hn.

ies vyly pMjfb ivc hfkm akflI dl ny afpxIaF anykF sImqfeIaF dy bfvjUd rfjF leI vwD aiDkfr hfsl krn leI bhuq sfry jfnhUlvyN sMGrsL kIqy hn.  lyikn ieh mMgF iehnF nUM AudoN Xfd nhIN afAuNdIaF, jdoN ieh Kud pMjfb aqy kyNdr ivc swqf-suwK Bog rhy huMdy hn. iesdy Ault, rfjF nUM KudmuKqfrI dyx leI, jMmU ksLmIr dI ivDfn sBf ny sfl 2000 ivc hI AuproQlI do vfrI mqf pfs krky Byijaf sI. akflI dl AudoN pMjfb ivc vI srkfrI iDr sI aqy kyNdr ivc vI swqfDfrI kOmI jmhUrI gTjoV df BfeIvfl sI. Aus vkq iehnF ny ies mhwqvpUrn msly `qy afpxf mUMh bMd krn ivc hI BlfeI smJI sI, qFik qfkqvr kyNdr dI mudweI Bfjpf nrfjL nf ho jfvy. BfvyN kyNdr vwloN ieh mqy rwd kr idwqy gey, lyikn ies kfrvfeI ny kyNdrI swqf dy nfl nfl KyqrI pfrtIaF dI soc nUM vI hlUixaf sI.  bysLk ies vfr vwK vwK sUbF srkfrF kyvl, ivwqI mfmilaF nUM lYky hI iekjuwt hoeIaF idKfeI idMdIaF hn, prMqU iehnF nUM iesqoN awgy vI jfxf hovygf. rfj sbMDF dI ZlfeI krn leI hux smF bVf hI ZukvF hY, ikAuNik ies gwl dI sMBfvnf nhIN ik afAux vflI kyNdrI srkfr iksy iek pfrtI dI hovy. KyqrI pfrtIaF dIaF POhVIaF `qy cwl rhIaF kyNdrI srkfrF nUM, ies idsLf vwl kdm cuwkx leI mjLbUr kIqf skdf hY, bsLrqy ik KyqrI pfrtIaF, ies msly `qy ieksur aqy iekjuwt pYNqVf apnfAux.

iksfnF dIaF KudkuÈIaF aqy siBafcfrk tuwtBw

krm brst

          ipClI akflI srkfr dy aMq qwk iksfnF dIaF KudkuÈIaF dI igxqI 2116 dwsI geI sI. kpqfnI srkfr dy pMj sflf rfjBfg dOrfn 546 hor iksfnF ny KudkuÈIaF krky, ies aMkVy ƒ 2662 qwk pucf idwqf sI. srkfrF BfvyN lwK dfavy krn ik AunHF dy afriQk suDfrF ny lokF dI jUn suDfr idwqI hY, lyikn kyrl qoN lY ky pMjfb qwk iksfnI df sMkt vDdf hI jf irhf hY. ajIb ieqPfk hY ik pRDfn mMqrI vwloN jdoN (iek julfeI, 2006) qoN ivDrB (mhfrfÈtr) dy krËeI iksfnF leI nfminhfd afriQk pYkj df aYlfn kIqf igaf sI qF Ausy GVI qoN lYky pRqI idn aOsq ZfeI iksfnF dy ihsfb nfl hux qwk 2100 qoN Aupr hor iksfn KudkuÈIaF kr cuwky hn.

          iewkf duwkf iksfn qF pihlF vI KudkuÈI krdy rhyy hoxgy, lyikn ieh vrqfrf jUn 1991 qoN bfad lfgU hoeIaF KuwlI mMzI dIaF nIqIaF sdkf iekdm qyËI PV igaf sI. bfad ivc jnvrI 1995 qoN ivÈv vpfr sMsQF nF dI jQybMdI dy hoNd ivwc afAux nfl ieh sMkt idno idn zUMGf hI huMdf af irhf hY. ies sMgTn dIaF ÈrqF anusfr dyÈ ivwc ssqIaF bdyÈI vsqF dI drfmd ny, ieQoN dy iksfnF aqy Coty kfrobfrIaF ƒ brbfd krnf ÈurU kr idwqf. dyÈ ivwc sfZy cfr lwK qoN vwD iekfeIaF bMd ho geIaF aqy lwwKF snaqI kfmy bykfr ho gey. KudkuÈIaF isrP iksfnF ny hI nhIN kIqIaF sgoN qfimlnfzU aqy aFDrf pRdyÈ dy hËfrf hI KwzI buxkrF ƒ Pfhy lYxy pey. CotIaF aqy GrylU snaqF ivwc kMm krdy mËdUrF ƒ muV ipMzF vwl jfxf ipaf aqy Auh pihlF hI sMktgRsq KyqI Aupr hor boJ bxky rih gey. Bfrq df KyqI sYktr kuwl GrylU pYdfvfr ivwc isrP 30 PIsdI dy krIb Xogdfn pfAuNdf hY, lyikn kuwl ikrq ÈkqI dy 65 PIsdI ihwsy ƒ sFBI bYTf hY. ies df iswtf lfËmI hI pyNzU ikrq ÈkqI dI afmdn df Gt jfxf sI. lok muwZlIaF shUlqF qoN hI swKxy nhIN hoey, sgoN do zMg dI rotI qoN vI afqur ho gey.

          ivÈv vpfr sMgTn dIaF nIqIaF ny isrP qIjI dunIaf dy lokF Kfs krky iksfnI Aupr hI asr nhIN pfieaf, sgoN ivksq dyÈF dy iksfn vI ies dI mfr hyTF af gey. sfmrfjI bhu kMpnIaF vwloN iqafr kIqy jf rhy trmInytr (jInXukq, vMÈhIx) bIjF ny pUrI dunIaF dy iksfnF koloN hI KyqI bIjF ƒ muVky bIjx df hwk Koh ilaf hY. sfzy dyÈ ivc ies dy iGnfAuxy asr ajy idwsxy ÈurU hI hoey hn, lyikn amrIkf dy nfrQ zkotf vrgy pRFqF ivwc qF ienHF ny Coty iksfnF ƒ brbfd krky rwK idwqf hY. ieh bIj kMpnIaF isrP qbfhI hI nhIN ilafAuNdIaF, sgoN bIjF dI gYr-kfƒnI vrqoN hox dI afV ivwc, iksfnF ƒ adflqF ivwc Kwjl-Kuafr vI kr rhIaF hn. iswty vjoN amrIkf dy 9 lwK iksfnF ivwcoN ipCly iek dhfky aMdr hI do lwK iksfn KyqI DMdy `coN bfhr inkl cuwky hn. sfl 1993-97 (pMj sflF) dy dOr ivwc 74440 drimafny iksfnF ny KyqI ƒ alivdf kih idwqI sI. iesy qrHF PrFs aqy jrmnI aMdr, 1978 qoN bfad 50 PIsdI iksfn KyqI Cwzx leI mjbUr ho gey. brqfnIaF aMdr ipCly sfl hI 20, 000 iksfnF ƒ ËmIn qoN hwQ Doxy pey.

          gwl isrP pCVy aqy aivksq dyÈF dy iksfnF dI hI nhIN, blik aiq ivksq sfmrfjvfdI dyÈF dy iksfn vI gMBIr afriQk sMkt df iÈkfr bx cuwky hn. mOjUdf afrQk mMdvfVy ny afm lokF df Aukf hI qyl kwZ dyxf hY. iksfnI BfvyN iksy vI dyÈ dI hovy, Aus dI bfkI vsoN dy pRsMg ivc iek ivÈyÈ iksm dI mfniskqf vI ivksq hoeI huMdI hY. dyÈF ivwc BfvyN ies dI mfqrf Gwt hovy, qd vI ËmIn df moh bixaf rihMdf hY. ËmIn qoN AuWjV jfx df mqlb afpxIaF smfjk aqy siBafcfrk jVHF qoN vI kwitaf jfxf huMdf hY. ivksq dyÈF ivc bdlvyN ruËgfr dy anykF vsIly hox dy bfvjUd, iksfn mfniskqf, iksy hor DMdy ivwc pYx df ËoKm AuTfAux qoN qRihMdI rihMdI hY. pCVy aqy aivksq dyÈF, ijQy bfiewËq bdlvF ruËgfr hI hfsl nhIN qF ËmIn qoN ivXogy iksfn dI mnodÈf df aMdfËf lgfAuxf bVf muÈkl hY.

          ËmIn qoN ivXogy jfx df BYa, iksfnF aMdr keI qrHF dIaF smwisafvF ƒ pYdf krdf hY. sB qoN pihlF ainÈcq BivwK hI Aus dI rUh ƒ bycYn krdf hY. dUjf Aus dI smfjk hYsIaq KyrUM-KyrUM ho jFdI hY. Bfrq Kfs krky pMjfb vrgy iKwiqaF ivwc ijQy KyqI DMdf iek ivÈyÈ jfq ‘jwt` qwk jF smfjk drjfbMdI dIaF AuWcIaF pOVIaF `qy bYTIaF jfqF qk suMgV ky rih igaf qF ËmIn Aus dI rotI roËI df sfDn hI nf rih ky smfjk aqy sQfnk pwDr dI isafsI swqf, puwgq df afDfr bxI hoeI hY. BfvyN iksfnI dI vrg vMz hox krky ieh afriQk hYsIaq vjoN anykF prqF ivc ibKr cuwkI hY, lyikn smfjk aqy siBafcfrk pwKoN jwt hI hY jo anykF qMdF nfl iek dUjy nfl juiVaf hoieaf hY. pMjfb dy hËfrF hI nhIN blik lwKF iksfn aijhy iml jfxgy, ijnHF ny smfjk irÈiqaF dI ÈrIkybfËI ivcoN hI afpxy pYrF hyTF iewtF rwK ky, grdnF ƒ rwsyy myc df bxfieaf hY.

          bhuq sfry ‘‘buwDIjIvI`` iksfnI dy sMkt df kfrn AunHF dI PjUl KrcI, Èrfb, BuwkI vrgy niÈaF dI cft aqy DIaF puwqrF dy ivafhF `qy ivwqoN vwD Krc ƒ dwsdy hn. ieh swc hY ik ienHF ibmfrIaF ny iksfnF dy sMkt ƒ vDfieaf hY iPr vI ieh mUl kfrn nhIN hn. pMjfb dI iksfnI dy sMkt dI jVH pUMjIvfd ZMg dI KyqI ivc peI hY aqy iksfnI dI BfrU bhuigxqI grIb aqy CotI hY jo mMzI mukfbly ivc hfr jfx leI srfpI hoeI huMdI hY. dUjf, sfmrfjI bhukOmI kMpnIaf isrP afpxy mYnUPYkcirMg KyqI sMdF nfl hI nhIN Kfs krky rsfiexk mfl nfl iksfnI ƒ incoV rhIaF hn. qIjf, Bfrq srkfr dIaF afriQk nIqIaF kOmFqrI aqy dysI dlfl srmfeydfrI dy pwK ivc JukIaF hoeIaF hn. ivÈv vpfr sMgTn dy nvyN afriQk inËfm ny iksfnI dI luwt ƒ keI guxF vD qyË krn ivc BUimkf inBfeI hY.

          dyKx ƒ pMjfb dI iksfnI df sMkt kfPI ivÈfl aqy KudkuÈIaF dI igxqI kfPI zrfAuxI lwgdI hY. ieh lwgxI vI cfhIdI hY ikAuNik iksy vI mnuwK df aixafeI mOq mr jfxf, mnuwKqf dy nF `qy klMk hY. pRMqU jdoN ies ƒ sMsfr pwDr `qy cl rhy vrqfry nfl myl ky dyiKaf jfvy qF vsoN dy anupfq muqfbk, ivksq sfmrfjI dyÈF dI hflq ies qoN vI iBafnk hY. hornF dyÈF ivc ho rhIaF KudkuÈIaF ivcoN, pMjfb kfPI ipwCy hY. iksfnF smyq sfry lokF vwloN iek lwK lokF ipwCy kIqIaF jf rhIaF KudkuÈIaF ivc iPnlYNz (22[5) sB qoN awgy hY. ies qoN bfad jrmnI (13[5), afstrylIaf 12[5), amrIkf (10[8) Bfrq (10[7) pMjfb (10[6) aqy brqfnIaf (7[5) dI vfrI afAuNdI hY.

          jy isrP pyNzU KyqrF dI gwl kIqI jfvy qF ivksq dyÈF Kfs krky amrIkf dy iksfnF dIaF KudkuÈIaF dy aMkVy rUh ƒ ihlf dyx vfly hn. amrIkf dy coxvyN KyqI sUibaF aqy KyqrF ivc KudkuÈIaf dI dr alfskf (31), vfieimMg (23), montYnf (22), sfAUQ zkotf (21), nfrQ zkotf (20), inAU mYkisko (19), AUtfh (19), aYrIËonf (17), nvfzf (16) aYzfho (15), klrfzo (15) aqy kYnss (15) qk phuMc cuwkI hY. kYnyzf aqy afstrylIaF ivc ieh dr kRmvfr 29[ 2 aqy 33[9 hY. Auprokq dy mukfbly, pMjfb dI KudkuÈIaF dI dr pRqI lwK afbfdI ipwCy 16[13 hY. ieh aMkVy dyx df mqlb pMjfb dy KyqI sMkt dI gMBIrqf ƒ Gwt krky aMkxf kdficq vI nhIN hY. ies ivafiKaf df mqlb, pfTkF ƒ iksfnI dy sMsfr ivafpI afriQk sMkt qoN jfxUM krvfAuxf hY.

          svfl pYdf huMdf hY ik grIbI aqy KudkuÈIaF ivckfr koeI iswDf sbMD hY? ibhfr, AuVIsf, XU[ pI, mwD pRdyÈ, JfrKMz, CwqIsgVH aqy rfjsQfn sB qoN grIb sUibaF ivc igxy jFdy hn. ibhfr aqy XU[ pI[ ivc KudkuÈIaF dI dr smyq iksfnF dy pRqI lwK ipwCy kRmvfr 0[7 aqy 2[2 hY, jdoN ik pMjfb ijMnI hI ivksq styt qfimlnfzU ivc ieh dr 19[1 hY. svfl hY ik pMjfb dy iksfn qF sMkt kfrn KudkuÈIaF kr rhy hn lyikn ibhfrI mjdUr ieQy lwKF dI igxqI ivc af ky rotI-roËI ikvyN hfsl kr lYNdy hn? ies qoN hI awgy amrIkf, afstrylIaf aqy kYnyzf dy iksfn vI KudkuÈIaF krn leI mjbUr hn pRMqU sfzy pMjfbI gwBrU, hvfeI jhfË dy tfierF nfl icMbVky vI AuQy phuMcx leI rwsy quVvf rhy hn. ienHF svflF dI koeI iek ivafiKaf sMBv nhIN hY. asl ivc iksy vI smfj df iek Gwto Gwt jIvn pwDr ƒ brkrfr rwKxf iek mËbUrI hI nhIN, loV vI bx jFdI hY. Aus pwDr qoN hyTF rih ky jIvn bsr krn dI klpnf hI bMdy ƒ mfnisk qOr `qy qoVn leI kfPI huMdI hY. pMjfb dI aqy hor iksy vI dyÈ dI iksfnI df duKFq iesy mfniskqf ivc ipaf hY. ieh mfniskqf siBafcfrk tuwtBwj nfl juVI hoeI hY. ies qoN pihlF ik ieh rogI mfniskqf pMjfb dy Gr Gr df ihwsf bx jfvy, ies qoN hF-pwKI idRÈtIkox nfl Cutkfrf pfAuxf pvygf.

afrQk sMkt prjIvI pUMjIvfd dI jmFdrU bImfrI

-krm brst

 

          Bfrq dy arQcfry dI mËbUqI bfry BfrqI hfkmF dy dfaivaF ivc koeI dm nhIN hY. bylgfmI KuwlI mMzI dy ies dOr ivc Bfrq dI afriQkqf sMsfrivafpI arQcfry dIaF qMdF nfl burI qrF nUVI jf cuwkI hY. jykr mukq bËfr dy kOmFqrI Ausqfd afrQkqf ƒ bcfAux leI srkfrI dÉlaMdfËI dI duhfeI pf rhy hn, qF AuhnF dy BfrqI cyly vI swtfbËfr ƒ bcfAux leI srkfrI bYNkF ƒ inwq nvIaF hdfieqF jfrI kr rhy hn. smyN ny iek vfr Pyr sfbq kr idwqf hY ik KuwlI mMzI df arQ kyvl ‘‘GfitaF df kOmIkrn aqy munfiÌaF df inwjIkrn hI huMdf hY. afrQk suDfrF dI ‘mnmohnI` ÈbdfvlI DnkubyrF dIaF KurjIaF Brn qoN ibnF hor kuwJ nhIN huMdI.`` ajIb ivzMbnf hY, ik bËfrI ÈkqIaF dIaF lgfmF KuwlIaF Cwz dyx dI vkflq krn vfly, hux afpxy inwjI lfBF leI, bËfr ƒ bMDyj ivc rwKx dIaF dlIlF dyx lwgy hn.

          ijs vyly amrIkf smyq pUrI dunIaF dIaF ivqI mMzIaF dy ‘isr klm` ho rhy hn aqy ivksq dyÈF dy kyNdrI bYNkF vloN mMzI ivc mudrf suwtx dy bfvjUd vI invyÈkF dy idl GfAUNmfAUN kr rhy hn. amrIkf dy PYzrl bYNk vwloN smyN smyN `qy idwqIaF geIaF vwzIaF ivqI rfhqF vI PrYzI mYk, PYnI mfeI, bIar strnË, lIhmn bRdrË, mYirl ilMc, golzmYn sYks, mOrgn stYnly aqy amrIkI bImf gruwp (ey[ afeI[ jI[) vrgy ‘‘drÈnI`` bYkF aqy bImf gruwpF ƒ dIvflIaf hoxo nhIN bcf skIaF. amrIkI sMsd vwloN 700 arb zflr Bfv 34300 kroV rupey dI rfhq vI arQcfry ivc jfn nhIN pf skygI. ivwqI igrfvt df blYk-hol (kflf KUh) anykF krËdfrF aqy lihxydfrF ƒ ingl cuwikaf hY. lyikn dvfeI dyx dy bfvjUd vI bImfrI vDdI hI jf rhI hY. pUMjI df jmFdrU suBfa dwsdf hY, ik iesdf plygI PoVf mfVy moty lyp (rfhq) nfl TIk hox vflf nhIN. ieh bImfrI jF qF buinafdI smfjk qbdIlI nfl TIk huMdI hY, jF vwzI jMg nfl qbfhI qoN mgroN kIqI jfx vflI muV AusfrI nfl. qfËf mnuwKI ieiqhfs ivc, ielfj dIaF ieh dovyN imsflF imldIaF hn.

          10 akqUbr ƒ Bfrq dy swtf bËfr dI ieiqhfsk igrfvt qoN bfad KuwlI mMzI dy pYrokfrF dI jIB qflUey nfl jf lwgI sI. Auh GwgIaF avfËF ivc sPfeI dyx lwgy sn, ik Èyar mfrkIt df arQcfry dI mËbUqI jF inGfr nfl koeI iswDf sbMD nhIN huMdf. ieh iblkul drusq gwl hY. lyikn iesy sfl dI 8 jnvrI ƒ, jdoN Èyar mfrkIt dy sMvydI sUck aMk ny iewkI hjfr df aMkVf pfr kIqf sI, qF dyÈ dy pRDfn mMqrI aqy ivq mMqrI ny BfrqI arQcfry dI mËbuUqI dy ksIdy kwZx ivc sB ƒ ipwCy Cwz idwqf sI. dfavf kIqf igaf sI ik Auh idn hux bhuqI dUr nhIN, jdoN Bfrq dunIaF dI sB qoN vwzI afrQk ÈkqI hovygf. AudoN ieh dfavf vI Aukf hI ÉoÉlf sI. iesy kiQq mËbUqI sdkf aMbfnI pirvfr dy ÌrjMd, dunIaF dy sB qoN vwzy amIrËfidaF dI kqfr ivc af KVy sn. keI qF ieh kihx qwk cly gey ik 21vIN sdI df aÈvmyDI GoVf sMsfr Br ivc dOVygf aqy ies dIaF vfgF Bfrq dy hwQF ivc hoxgIaF. lyikn AudoN qoN lYky pUurI dunIaF smyq Bfrq dy Èyar bËfrF aMdr Auh qbfhI mwcI, ik vpfrk aKbfrF iesƒ ‘‘afriQk kqlyafm`` dI sMigaf dyx qwk clIaF geIaF. iql iql krky juiVaf pYsf CUmMqr ho igaf. bYNk dIvflIey ho gey, afrQkqf df phIaf jfm ho igaf. akqUbr dy mhIny ivc hI iek amrIkI aOrq ny afnlfeIn inlfmI ivc isrÌ 100 rupey nfl iek Gr KrIidaf hY.

          moty aMdfjy anusfr invyÈkF df ds lwK kroV rupeIaf zuwb igaf. zuwibaf nf khIey, blik vwzIaF ivdyÈI sMsQfgq invyÈI kMpnIaF cUMzky lY geIaF. awT mhIinaF dy kfrobfr ivc kul imlfky, sMvydI sUck aMk 11000 puafieMt arQfq 52 PIsdI dy krIb hyTF izg ipaf hY. amrIkn arQcfry ƒ Augfsf dyx leI, AuQoN dI sMsd ny jdoN 700 arb zflr aqy jI-7 dy dyÈF ny DVfDV afrQk pYkyj aYlfnxy ÈurU kIqy qF 13 akqUbr ƒ Bfrq smyq pUrI dunIaF df swtf bËfr Pyr hulfry ivc af igaf hY. ies df kfrx arQcfry dI mËbUqI nhIN hY, blik ivksq dyÈF vwloN, afm lokF dIaF bwcqF ƒ zkfrn vfly DnkubyrF ƒ idwqI geI bKÈIs hY. ajIb duKFq ieh hY, ik ijhnF ivwqI aiDkfrIaF krky, ieh sMkt pYdf hoieaf hY, AuhnF ƒ hI amrIkf dI KËfnf vËfrq ny sMktmocn df kMm sONipaf hY. ieh isrP kOmFqrI pwDr `qy hrl hrl krdI iPrdI swtf pUMjI hI hY, ijhVI Bfrq smyq qIjI dunIaF dy dysF ivc GuspYT krky ivkfs jF arQcfry dI mËbUqI df Brm pYdf krdI hY. bdyÈI ivqI invyÈkF ny cflU sfl ivc hI Bfrq dy ivq bËfr ivcoN 1006 kroV zflr kZvf ley hn. sMkt hor gihrf hoieaf qF ieh swtybfË lMmI AuzfrI vI mfr skdy hn.

          BfrqI arQcfrf ivkfs dI bVI DuMDlI qsvIr pyÈ kr irhf hY. huxy hI jfrI kIqy srkfrI aMkiVaF muqfbk dyÈ dy snaqI ivkfs dI dr ipCly sfl dy iesy smyN dOrfn drj kIqI 10[ 9 PIsdI dy mukfbly `qy isrÌ 1[ 3 PIsdI qwk izwg peI hY. KyqI df qF rwb hI rfKf hY. srkfrI aqy inwjI pUMjI invyÈ ivc byhwd igrfvt ho jfx sdkf, KuwlI mMzI dy dOr ivc ieh kdy vI slfnf aOsq do PIsdI qoN awgy nhIN vDI. KyqI pUrI qrF mfnsUn dy rihmo krm `qy rih geI hY. iehnF dovyN buinafdI sYktrF dI ivkfs dr kdy vI 4-5 PIsdI qoN vwD nhIN hoeI. ies qrF ivkfs dr dy dafvy KoKly hI nhIN, guMmrfhkuMn vI huMdy hn. srivs sYktr dy aihm adfiraF ‘‘bYNkF, bImf kMpnIaF, ivwqI mMzIaF afid ivc huMdf lYx dyx kfÊËI dOlq dI hwQbdlI hI huMdf hY, ieh nvIN BOiqk kdr (vYilA)U pYdf nhIN krdf. srkfr vwloN kul kOmI pYdfvfr dy 8 PIsdI dy afspfs rihx dy dfavy, aMkiVaF ƒ mroVf cfVHx dI klfkfrI hI khI jf skdI hY. srkfrI dfaivaF anusfr Bfrq ivc ‘ruËgfr rihq ivkfs` ho irhf hY. ies hflq ivc jdoN ruËgfr dy nvyN mOky pYdf nhIN ho rhy aqy purfxy krmcfrI CFtIaF df iÈkfr bx rhy hn, qF lfËmI hI jnqf dI KrId ÈkqI GtxI hI GtxI hY. ies leI Auqpfdn aqy Kpq ivckfr pfVf vDx leI bwiJaf hoieaf hY. krËy dy tIikaF nfl Kpq ivc vwzf vfDf sMBv nhIN irhf.

          mOjUdf sMkt dI jVH vI ieQy hI peI hY. afrQk mMdI df dOr vI AudoN hI ÈurU huMdf hY, jdoN pYdfvfr aqy Kpq ivclf pfVf iBafnk afkfr gRihx kr lYNdf hY. ieh Bfxf do kfrxF krky vfprdf hY. pihlf, gYrXojnfbMdI aqy munfÌy dI Duws ivc byihsfbI vfDU pYdfvfr kr bYTxf. dUjf, srmfey df kuwJ hwQF ivc kyNdrq ho jfxf, inwkIaF qy kmËor kMpnIaF df mYdfn ivcoN hUMJf iPr jfxf. ies nfl vwzI pwDr `qy bykfrI PYldI hY, lokF dI KrId ÈkqI GtdI hY. ies qrF pYdfvfr aqy Kpq ivclI KfeI ƒ mylx leI AuDfr aqy kriËaF df shfrf ilaf jFdf hY. ÈfhUkfr aqy bYNk amfnq (kolytrl) dI rkm dI pRvfh kIqy ibnF AuhnF lokF ƒ vI krËy dyx lwgdy hn, ijhnF dI koeI bwJvIN afmdn nhIN huMdI. krËy dI rkm ieMnI vwD jFdI hY, ik amfnqF dI vtFdrf kdr arQfq asl kImq bhuq ipwCy Cut jFdI hY. iek sfl pihlF Puitaf amrIkf df sbpRfiem (mkfn KrIdx leI krËy) sMkt iesy vrqfry df Jlkfrf hY. ies GtnfkRm ƒ jtkf imsfl nfl bVI cMgI qrF smiJaf jf skdf hY.

          mMn lE iek iksfn kol pMj eykV ËmIn hY aqy pMj puwqr hn. aml ivc ËmIn dI vMz ho cuwkI hY, kfƒnI qOr `qy nhIN. mqlb ik Kyvt, Ksrf nMbr ipCly hI cwl rhy hn. pMjy BrfvF ƒ krËy dI loV pYNdI hY, qF Auh ËmIn dy Ausy toty dy nMbr dyky bYNk koloN pMj pMj lwK df krËf lYNdy hn. amfnq ivc rwKI ËmIn dI mfrkIt kImq isrÌ pMj lwK rupey hY, lyikn iehdy bdly bYNkF ny 25 lwK rupey df krËf dy idwqf hY. krËf nf imlx dI sUrq ivc jykr bYNk ËmIn dI kurkI kr lYNdf hY, qF mfrkIt kImq pwKoN Ausƒ isrÌ 5 lwK rupey hI imlxy hn, jdoNik 20 lwK rupey zuwb jfxy hn. Auqpfdn aqy Kpq dI KfeI ƒ jdoN ies qrF dy kriËaF nfl pUiraf jFdf hY, qF kfÊËI Bfv jfalI, nklI dOlq bFdr dI pUC vFg vDdI rihMdI hY. Pyr iek pVfa aijhf afAuNdf hY, jdoN lihxydfr bYNkF koloN afpxy Éfqy ivc jmHf krvfieaf hoieaf pYsf vfps mMgdy hn, lyikn bYNk ieh pYsf moVx dI hflq ivc nhIN huMdy, ikAuNik AuhnF ny amfnqF dy mukfbly keI guxf vwD krËf dy rwiKaf huMdf hY. lokBfÈf ivc iesƒ ‘‘dfVHI nfloN muwCF df vwD jfxf`` vI kihMdy hn. sbpRfiem sMkt lgpg iesy iksm dI bImfrI df nfm hY.

          Èyar bfËfr dI zfvFzolqf dy buinafdI kfrnF bfry ajy vI, koeI crcf krn dI koiÈÈ nhIN kr irhf. ivdyÈI sMsQfgq invyÈkfr ipCly iek dhfky qoN, Bfrq dy swtf bfËfr ivc, vwzI pwDr `qy pUMjI lgf rhy hn. isrP ipCly iqMn sflF ivc hI AuhnF ny lgBg 88200 kroV rupey dy ihwsy KrIdy hn. AuNj smuwcy qOr `qy swtf bËfr ivc AuhnF dI zyZ lwK kroV rupey dI pUMjI lwgI hoeI hY. BfvyN bMbeI stfk aYkscyNj ivc cwkr kwtdI kuwl pUMjI df ieh isrP 8 PIsdI bxdI hY, lyikn ieh kuwl pUMjI vtFdry dy 38[4 PIsdI ihwsy ƒ kMtrol krdI hY. kihx df Bfv hY ik ivdyÈI pUMjI hI hY jo Bfrq dy Èyar bfËfr dIaF cUlF Aupr kfbË hY. ieMnI ku mfqrf ivclI ivdyÈI pUMjI hI iksy dyÈ dI afriQkqf ƒ ikvyN brbfd kr skdI hY, ies df nËfrf , afpxy afp ƒ tfeIgr smJx vfly mlyÈIaf, isMgfpur, QfeIlYNz, hFgkFg aqy ieMzonyÈIaf dy arQcfry zyZ dhfkf pihlF dyK cuwky hn.

          ies leI Èyar bËfr ivc afieaf AuCfl jF igrfvt aqy ivdyÈI iswky dI bhuqfq Bfrq smyq pUrI dunIaF dI afriQkqf dI mËbUqI ƒ nhIN blik kjoVqf ƒ drsfAuNdy hn. dyÈ df afriQk ivkfs aqy KuÈhflI swtf pUMjI nfl nhIN sgoN GrylU mMzI dy cOpfsV ivsQfr nfl hoxI hY. ieh cIË isrP svY inrBr aqy ivdyÈI luwt qoN mukq Bfrq dy ivkfs nfl hI sMBv hY.

úúúúú

pRmfxUM sMDI dI POjI aqy afrQk ivafkrx

krm brst

Bfrq amrIkf pRmfxUM sMDI df KrVf BfrqI sMsd, 35 mYNbrI kOmFqrI pRmfxUM AUrjf eyjMsI, 45 mYNbrI pRmfxUM splfier gruwp aqy amrIkI sYnyt dI bdyÈI mfmilaF bfry kmytI dIaF aihm mnËUrIaF hfsl krn AuprMq amrIkI sMsd ivc afky Ps igaf hY. ivÈv bYNk aqy kOmFqrI mudrf koÈ dy cMzy hoey Bfrq dy pRDfn mMqrI zf[ mnmohn isMG vloN afKrI plF ivc jfrj buÈ dI isPq ivc pVHy ksIdy ‘‘(jdoN ieiqhfs iliKaf jfvygf, qF mYNƒ lwgdf hY, ik sfzy dovyN jmhUrI dyÈF ƒ nyVy ilafAux leI rfÈtrpqI jfrj buÈ vwloN inBfeI geI ieiqhfsk BUimkf ƒ drj kIqf jfvygf)``  vI afpxf kMm nhIN kr sky. dyÈ dy dlfl hfkmF ƒ pihlF kdy vI zMzfEq dI ies mudrf ivc nhIN dyiKaf igaf. amrIkf ny vI pRmfxUM sMDI ivc afey hryk moV `qy, BfrqI hfkmF dI ‘‘aËfdI`` aqy ‘‘kulaKiqafrI`` dy  hryk dfavy ƒ byprd krn leI iek vI mOkf nhIN KuMJx idwqf. sMDI dy KrVy dIaF anykF ivafiKafvF af cuwkIaF hn. Pyr vI ieiqhfsk qwQ ieh hY, ik Bfrq srkfr kuwJ vI khy, aMqm swc AuhI rhygf, jo amrIkf dI POjI aqy bdyÈ nIqI dy rfs afvygf.

sUqrF muqfbk Kud amrIkf ny hI sMDI dy KrVy ƒ pRmfxUM gruwp ivc Ëor nfl nhI rwiKaf sI. mIitMg dy aYn afKrI plF ivc aMdrUnI ÉqoKqfbq ƒ nÈr krky, amrIkI hfkmF ny drsf idwqf sI, ik Auh Bfrq ƒ aYvyN hI pRmfxU qknIk jF XUrynIam dyx vfly nhIN hn. ijhVy kihMdy sI ik Bfrq kol pRmfxUM  Dmfky krn df pUrf aKiqafr hfsl rhygf, Auh hI zuskx lwg pey ik ‘‘asIN qF awgoN supny ivc vI pRmfxUM Dmfkf nhIN krFgy. bws iek vfr sfzI lfj rwK lvo.`` ies sfry kfsy dy bfvjUd vI amrIkI hfkmF ny Bfrq dI ‘‘lfj`` nhIN rwKI. mnmohn isMG ƒ pUrf Brosf sI ik jdoN Auh 26 sqMbr ƒ afpxy 76vyN jnm idn `qy jfrj buÈ ƒ imlygf, qF sMDI dI mnjUrI dI Èkl ivc Ausƒ afpxI iËMdgI df sBqoN byÈkImqI qohÌf imlygf. lyikn imilaf nhIN, ikAuNik amrIkI hfkm jmfqF df iek DVf, bdyÈI mfmilaF bfry kmytI dy cyarmYn aqy kfƒnÈfj hfvrz brmn dI agvfeI ivc pRmfxUM sMDI mUhry iek qoN bfad dUjf aiVwkf lfAuNdf af  irhf hY. ieh sfrf kuwJ Bfrq ƒ hor vwD JukfAux qoN vwD kuwJ vI nhIN hY.

          pRmfxUM sMDI dy KrVy ivc ilKqI qOr `qy kuJ vI  aijhf nhIN  hY, ijs nfl sfzy dyÈ `qy huxy hI koeI bhuq vwzI ibpqf pYx vflI hovy. asl ivc qyËI nfl bdl rhy sMsfr pRbMD ivc amrIkf df aKOqI ‘iek DruvI sMsfr` burI qrF iKMz irhf hY. rUs qy cIn dI agvfeI ivc ‘ÈMGfeI sihXog sMgTn`, ‘irk` aqy ‘birk` ijhy KyqrI rxnIqk guwt AuBr rhy hn. ierfn, sIrIaf, AuqrI korIaf aqy ikAUbf vrgIaF ‘‘bdI dIaF DurIaF`` ƒ Jukfieaf nhIN jf sikaf. ierfk qy aÌgfinsqfn amrIkf dy gl dI hwzI bxy pey hn. iehnF hflqF ivc amrIkf ƒ dwKxI eyÈIaf ivc Bfrq vrgf ‘jI hËUrIaf` sMgI cfhIdf hY. ieh iek nvIN qrF dI afAUtsorisMg Bfv Tyky `qy amrIkf leI POjI kfrvfeIaF krnf hovygf.

amrIkI sfmrfj hyTly DVy dy ivkisq dyÈF ny 1974 dy poKrfn pRmfxUM Dmfky qoN bfad afm krky aqy 1998 ivc kIqy  dUjy  DmfikaF qoN bfad Kfs krky, Bfrq ƒ XUrynIam  dI splfeI `qy sÉq pfbMdIaF lgf rwKIaF sn. Pyr vI Bfrq ny sfmrfjI guwt dy do dyÈF PrFs  aqy rUs dI mdd nfl ikvyN nf ikvyN afpxf pRmfxUM pRogrfm hI jfrI nhIN rwiKaf, sgoN ieh iek hor rsfiexk qwq  QorIam  dI vrqoN nfl , pRmfxUM ibjlI dy ivkfs dy qIjy pVfa vwl  vwD irhf hY. jykr ieh pVfa mukMml ho jFdf hY qF ieh Kud  qF afpxI loV  jogIaF pRmfxUM BwTIaF bxf lvygf, sgoN Gwt ivksq mulkF ƒ brfmd krn dy smrwQ vI bx skdf hY. ies leI POjI loVF dy nfl hI hux Bfrq ƒ pRmfxUM BwTI dy qIjy rfh vwl vDx qoN rokx dI nIqI vI  kMm kr rhI hY.

dUjf pwCmI dyÈF Kfs krky amrIkf dI pRmfxUM snaq afKrI sfh lY rhI hY. amrIkf ivc 1978  qoN bfad iek vI nvF pRmfxUM plFt nhIN lwg sikaf.  pRmfxUM BwTIaF  bnfAux vflIaF do vwzIaF kMpnIaF jnrl ielYktirk  (amrIkf) aqy afryvf (PrFs) ƒ slfnf isrÌ do BwTIaF dy afrzr iml rhy hn. jykr jpfn ƒ vI Èfml kr ilaf jfvy qF pRmfxUM snaq sfl ivc isrÌ iqMn BwTIaF bxf rhI hY. amrIkf ivc sB qoN aKIrI plFt KVf krn ivc 23 sfl lwgy hn. XUrpI XUnIan ivc nvyN plFt lwgxy iblkuwl bMd ho geyy hn. Aultf jrmnI  aqy ietlI  ny 2020 qwk afpxy sfry pRmfxUM plFt bMd krn df PYslf kr ilaf hY. bYljIam, hflYNz, spyn aqy svIzn  hOlI hOlI afpxy plFt bMd kr rhy hn. XUrpI XUnIan ivc iek vI nvF plFt nhIN ivAuNiqaf jf irhf hY. sB qoN aihm gwl ieh hY ik afstrylIaf vrgy mulk ivc iek vI pRmfxUM  plFt nhIN hY jdik Aus kol kul dunIaF df 40 PIsdI XUryynIam mOjUd hY. kuwl dunIaF ivc cldIaF 439 pRmfxUM BwTIaF ivcoN 104 Bfv 24 PIsdI iekwly amrIkf ivc hn lyikn ieh ibjlI loVF df isrP 20 PIsdI muhweIaf krvfAuFdIaF hY. jdoN ik iesƒ 100 arb zflr dI slfnf sbiszI vI imldI hY.  jy amrIkf df afpxf ieh hfl hY qF aMdfËf lgfieaf jf skdf hY ik sfzy vrgy grIb mulkF df kI hfl hovygf?

ikhf jf irhf hY,ik Bfrq dI DrqI hyTly bflx dy BMzfr  (kolf, qyl aqy gYs) Kqm hox vfly hn. jykr pRmfxUM AUurjf ÈurU nf kIqI geI qF iksy idn asIN aMDkfr ivc zuwb jfvFgy. ieh swc hY ik DrqI hyTly bflx dI iek sImf huMdI hY lyikn ieh vI scfeI hY ik sfzy BUgrB ivigafnI agly 30 sflF df anumfn lgf ky hI cwldy hn. Bfrq dy DrqI hyTly sroqF df pUrf aMdfËf qF ajy lgfieaf hI nhIN igaf. dUjI gwl, dunIaF ivc XUrynIam dI mfqrf qF koiely, qyl aqy gYs nfloN vI Gwt hY. jy mOjUdf pRmfxUM plFt hI cwldy rihx qF ieh agly 70 sflF ivc Kqm ho jfvygf. jykr pRmfxUM snaq dy Zhyy cVH ky iehnF BwTIaF dI igxqI duwgxI kr idwqI jfvy qF ieh XUrynIam 35 sflF ivc muwk jfvygf. svfl ieh nhIN ik ikhVI cIË pihlF Kqm huMdI hY. svfl ieh hY ik vsqF dy cMgy aqy mfVy pwKF dI qulnf krn vyly AuhnF ƒ ivÈyÈ   sMdrB ivc hI dyKxf cfhIdf hY.

pRmfxUM AUrjf ikvyN vI sfP suQrI aqy surwiKaq nhIN hY. hIrosImf aqy nfgfsfkI dy pRmfxUM DmfikaF df asr 63 sflF bfad vI brkrfr hY. rUs aMdr 1986 ivc cyrnoibl  aqy 1979 ivc amrIkf dy iqMn  mIlI tfpU  ivc hoeI pRmfxUM lIkyj dy asr isrP sbMDq  ielfikaF qwk hI nhIN, sgoN  nfl dy sUibaF, dysF ivc  vI qbfhI mcfAuFdy af rhy hn.  Bfrq dy pRmfxUM  plftF ivc lIkyË dIaF drjnF imsflF sfhmxy af cuwkIaF hn prMqU pRmfxUM pRogrfm ƒ pUrI qrF gupq rwKx krky, ieh afm lokF qwk nhIN phuMcdIaF. hflq ieh hY ik BfrqI rfjqMqr pRmfxUM plFtF  ƒ clfAux leI ieMnf kuÈl nhIN hY ijMnf scfeI ƒ lukox ivc hY. dyÈ dy hfkm 2020 qwk 20000 mYgfvft pRmfxUM ibjlI pYdf krn dI gwl kr rhy hn, lyikn ieh nhIN dws rhy ik ies AUpr afAux vflf 800 arb zflr  (krIb 36,80,000 kroV rupey) ikQoN afAuxgy ? ieh rkm Bfrq dI iek sfl dI kul GrylU pYdfvfr dy nyVy jf phuMcdI hY. Auh ieh vI nhIN  dws rhy ik pRmfxUM ibjlI Qrml ibjlI nfloN iqMn guxf mihMgI vI pvygI aqy mnuwKI ishq pKoN qbfhkuMn vI hovygI.

sfzy dyÈ ivc pRmfxUM pRogrfm  ipCly 60 sflF qoN cwl  irhf hY. ajy qwk asIN  isrP kuwl ibjlI df isrP 2[9 PIsdI hI pRmfxUM  plFtF  qoN lY rhy hF jdoN ik gYr rvfieqI AUrjf  (pOx, sUrj aqy kUVy krkt) ivcoN 7 PIsdI  ibjlI  iml rhI hY. sfzy dyÈ ivc iekwlI pOx ibjlI  dI hI  20000 qoN 45000 mYgfvft dI sMBfvnf  peI hY. iekwly qfimlnfzU  ivc hI awj dI qrIk ivc 1350 mYgfvft dI smrwQf hY aqy cflU sfl ivc  450 mYgfvft ibjlI  hor imlx lwgygI. ieh ipCly 60 sflF ivc arbF kroVF rupey Krc krky pYdf kIqI jf rhI 4120 mYgfvft  pRmfxUM ibjlI dy awD ivc jf phuMcdI hY. ieh gwl iekwly qfimlnfzUu dI hY. jykr pUry dyÈ dI pOx aqy sUrjI AUrjf dIaF sMBfvnfvF  Prol leIaF jfx, qF sfzy dyÈ ƒ bdyÈF `qy inrBr krn dI loV vI nhIN pvygI. sMKyp ivc Qrml aqy px ibjlI qoN ielfvf hvfvF, sUrjI Duwp aqy kUVy krkt qoN ibjlI pYdf krn dIaF apfr sMBfvfnfvF mOjUd hn. Kud amrIkf aqy XUrpI dyÈ ies iksm dI ibjlI Aupr tyk rwKky cwl rhy hn. ies ƒ BivwKI AUrjf vjoN ivksq kr rhy hn.

gwl ieh nhIN hY, ik Bfrq ƒ gYr POjI pRmfxUM AUrjf leI jqn hI nhIN krny cfhIdy. sgoN mslf qF iesdy aYn Ault bxdf hY. sfzy dyÈ ƒ bdyÈI hfkmF df byqnKfhIaf syvk bxn dI QF afqm inrBr bxn dI koiÈÈ krnI cfhIdI hY, ijvyN iksy vyly rUs aqy cIn vrgy smfjvfdI dyÈF ny kIqI sI. sfmrfjI aqy lutyrIaF bdyÈI kMpnIaF dy shfry Bfrq dy gYr POjI AUrjf pRogrfm ƒ kdy vI ivksq nhIN kIqf jf skdf. ipCly 60 sflF ivc Bfrq ieh sfry qOr qrIky apxf cuwikaf hY. nf pihlF koeI lfB hoieaf hY, nf awgy ƒ ho skdf hY. bdyÈI kMpnIaF dy sbMD ivc aYnrfn dI imsfl hmyÈf Xfd rwKxI cfhIdI hY. amrIkf nfl kIqI pRmfxUM sMDI gulfmI dI dldl ivc hor zUMGf Dsx qoN vwD hor kuJ vI nhIN hovygI. Bfrq dy afm lokF ƒ ieh hkIkq smJxI hovygI aqy dyÈ ƒ afqminrBr bnfAux leI ÉrI smfjk qbdIlI leI jqn krny pYxgy.

pMjfb bjt : srkfrI vhIaF dy anfVI munIm

 -krm brst

akflI Bfjpf srkfr df dUsrf bjt hr pwK qoN inrfÈ krn vflf hI nhIN, sgoN BivwKI idRÈtI qoN vI swKxf hY. ivwq mMqrI vloN pMjfb dI afriQk ishq bfry vfr vfr pRgtfeI jFdI  rhI icMqf isrP icMqf bxky rih geI hY. pihly bjt ivc rwKy gey tIicaF ivcoN, iek vI pUrf nhIN ho sikaf. smfj dy sfry hI lokF ƒ lfry lfky aqy luBfAU vfady krky swqf ivc afeI akflI Bfjpf srkfr hryk morcy `qy burI qrF asPl sfbq hoeI hY. ÈRomØxI akflI dl dy cox mnorQ pwqr ivc kIqy vfaidaF ivcoN iksy ƒ pUrf krnf qF dUr, Cuhx dI koiÈÈ vI nhIN kIqI geI.

akflIaF vwloN hux qwk vriqaf jFdf qkIaf klfm ik  ‘‘kFgrs pfrtI ny pMjfb df byVf grk kr idwqf hY, ik Auh jFdy vkq kyvl sfrf KËfnf hI KflI nhIN kr geI, sgoN pMjfb ƒ krËy dy boJ hyTF vI dwb geI hY ``, hux isrP isafsI qohmqbfËI qoN vwD kuwJ vI nhIN hY. ieh swc hY ik kFgrs pfrtI dI srkfr ny pMjfb dy arQcfry ƒ AuBfrn dI koeI koiÈÈ nhIN kIqI. mYgf pRfjYktF dy dMBI rfm rOly aqy iemfrqI qy ËmInI kfrobfr df gubfrf Brn qoN isvfey, Aus kol BivKnkÈf hI nhIN sI. lyikn akflIaF ny afpxy pihly sfl ivc jo kuwJ hfsl kIqf hY, Auh qF ‘ÈfhI srkfr` qoN vI AUxf hY.

          bjt dI sfrI kvfied iksy anfVI munIm df Jlkfrf pyÈ krdI hY. kihx ƒ qF srkfrI dfavy kul rfjkI GrylU pYdfvfr dy anupfq ivc mflI aqy rfjkoÈI GfitaF ƒ Gwt krn dI zINg mfrdy hn aqy aMkiVaF ƒ afpxy ivqI pRbMD dI sPlqf vjoN pyÈ krdy hn. lyikn iesqoN ijafdf mhwqvpUrn cIË ieh dyKxI bxdI hY, ik srkfr dI ies ksrq df sUby dI smuwcI afrQk hflq Aupr kI asr ipaf hY? hor vDyry krËf cuwkky aqy Xojnf skImF ivc byÈumfr ktOqIaF krky jykr ivqI Gftf Gwt kr vI ilaf qF iehdy nfl arQcfry dI ishq nhIN suDrdI sgoN lMby dfa qoN ivgVx leI srfpI jFdI hY. ipCly sfl dy Xojnf KrcF df ipClI kFgrs srkfr dy afKrI sfl nfl imlfky qulnfqmk aiDaYn kIqf jfvy, qF bfdl srkfr dy bulMd dfaivaF dI PUk inkl jFdI hY. 2006-07 aqy 2007-08 dy ivqI sflF dI qulnf dwsdI hY, ik akflI srkfr ny mfieaf dI Gft nfl arQcfry dy aihm aMgF ƒ zob idwqf hY. imsfl vjoN, ipCly sfl dy mukfbly pyNzU ivkfs `qy mnPI 50[71 PIsdI, ibjlI Auqpfdn `qy mnPI 16[92 PIsdI, snaq `qy  mnPI 99[8 PIsdI aqy afm afriQk syvfvF `qy mnPI 70[2 PIsdI Gwt Krcf kIqf hY. ies qrF kul imlfky smucy Xojnf Krc ƒ imwQI rfÈI nfloN 702 kroV rupey df rgVf lgfieaf hY.

qnKfhF, pYnÈnF aqy ivafj adfiegIaF afid dy bwJy ruMnHy gYrXojnf KricaF qoN ielfvf, iksy vI arQcfry ƒ hulfrf dyx leI Xojnf Krcy aihm sQfn rwKdy huMdy hn. pMjfb dI afriQk  KVoq qoVx leI jnqk pUMjI invyÈ bhuq ËrUrI hY. bfdl srkfr ny isrP sUbfeI Xojnf KricaF ivc hI ktOqI nhIN kIqI blik kyNdrI srkfr dIaF skImF leI vI afpxy ihwsy afAuNdy ingUxy  ijhy PMz vI muhweIaf nhIN krvfey. bhuq hI jrUrI mwdF ijvyN ik KyqI qy shfiek DMidaF aqy sihkfrqf leI rwKI 232 kroV dI rfÈI ivcoN isrP 101 kroV rupey hI Krc kIqy jf sky. ievyN hI ibjlI qy isMjfeI Aupr mnPI 36[7 PIsdI, iswiKaf aqy ishq `qy mnPI 36[2 PIsdI, KyqI qy sihkfrqf `qy mnPI 56[4 PIsdI aqy pyNzU  ivkfs `qy mnPI 43[3 PIsdI rfÈI KrcI geI hY. hux bhuq iswDf ijhf nukqf hY ik ipCly bjt dy mukfbly  Gwt Krc kIqI rkm ivc QoVI ijhI rkm vI vDf idwqI jfvy qF Auh PIsdI trm ivc bhuq vwzI rkm idKfeI dyvygI. akflI Bfjpf srkfr dy dUjy bjt ivc iehI cfl KyzI geI hY. AuproN dyKx ƒ jfpdf hY ik srkfr ny hryk Kyqr ivc ivkfs leI soDy anumfnF dy mukfbly  rfÈIaF ivc vwzf vfDf kr idwqf hY. lyikn not psfry dI dr ƒ iDafn ivc rwKdy  hoey, hkIkq ivc ieh 2006-07 nfloN vI bhuq hyTF hn . spÈt hY ik iksfnF dI rfjnIqI krn vfly akflIaF kol asl ivc iksfnI aqy pyNzU ivkfs leI krn leI kuJ vI nhIN hY.

pMjfb ƒ mnpRIq bfdl vrgf piVHaf iliKaf ivwq mMqrI imilaf hY ijs ƒ sfÌgoa aqy drvyÈ isafsqdfn mMinaf jFdf hY. pMjfb ivc tYksF dI ho rhI corI ƒ lY ky Auh keI vfr icMqf pRgt kr cuwikaf hY. lyikn afpxy qfAU sRI pRkfÈ isMG bfdl dI jtkI aqy lok luBfAU rfjnIqI mUhry pUrI qrF byvws ho igaf hY. dUjy pfsy Bfjpf ibnf  ijMmyvfrI EitaF afpxI isafsI kImq ƒ muhfrq nfl vsUl kr rhI hY.  snaqkfr aqy vpfrI ibnF iksy zr BOa dy afbkfrI krF aqy vYt dI corI  kr rhy hn. pyNzU Kyqr dy DnfZ iksfnF aqy jgIrdfrF ny aÈtfm izAUtI  df GorVU vjf idwqf hY. iewklI  astfm izAUtI ivcoN hI srkfr ƒ imwQy tIcy nfloN 600 kroV  df Gftf pY igaf hY. afbkfrI kr aqy vYt  AugrfhI leI srkfr ny kfPI vwzy tIcy imwQy sn, ijhVy pUry nhIN ho rhy. lyikn srkfr ny byÈrmI dy qfx soDy anumfnF ivc vI iehnF ƒ Gwt nhIN idKfieaf. ivzMbnf ieh bxdI hY ik srkfr ipCly sfl nfloN  afbkfrI ivc 26[16 PIsdI aqy vYt ivc 19[65 PIsdI df vfDf idKf rhI hY, jdik qfËf bjt leI iehI vfDf kRmvfr 6[02 aqy 8[86 PIsdI idKfieaf igaf hY. hux ies gwl dI kI vfjbIaq hY ik afbkfrI aqy vYt dI AugrfhI ipCly sfl nfloN ies vfr ikAuN Gwt rhygI? asl ivc srkfr aMkiVaF  ivc hyrPyr krky afpxI nfkfmI Aupr hI prdfpoÈI kr rhI hY. ivq mMqrI ny ies vfr vI 682 kroV dI vyrvyhIx rfÈI mflI pRfpqIaF dy Kfqy ivc idKfeI hY. iesdf mqlb jF qF mflI Gfty ƒ byvjf Gwt krky idKfAuxf hY, jF bfad ivc ieMnI rkm dy nvyN tYks lgfey jfxgy.

ipCly sfl srkfr ny do aihm qËvIËF rwKIaF sn ik sfry mMqrI, pfrlImfnI skwqr aqy avwl aiDkfrI  pRqI mhInf 1000 rupey svY iewCf  nfl dfn kiraf krngy. srkfrI qMqr dI ies ‘‘rihmidlI`` ivcoN  ikMnf pYsf iekwTf hoieaf hY, ies df koeI vyrvf hI nhIN idwqf igaf. lwgdf hY ik ivwq mMqrI dy suJfa Aupr iksy ny vI Puwl nhIN cVHfey. prMqU ies vfr vI Ausny purfxf rfg alfpdy hoey, srkfrI qMqr dI svY iewCq ‘‘kurbfnI`` nfl iek hor afkrÈq qIr kwZ mfiraf hY ik  ies qrHF iewkTI hoeI dOlq nfl ‘‘grIb, loVvMd aqy byshfrf lokF leI styt rfhq PMz`` kfiem kIqf jfvygf aqy bImf Xojnf ÈurU kIqI jfvygI, ijs nfl bImfrF aqy durGtnf gRsq lokF ƒ mYzIkl shfieqf idwqI jfvygI. vfh Eey ÈyKiclI!! KYr aijhy vfady krn ivc Gsdf vI kI hY, lok hI KuÈ krny hn. ipCly sfl ËmIn dI vrqoN cfrjË dI     Pyrbdl nfl 210 kroV aqy ryqf qy bËrI Aupr rfieltI lfky 200 kroV rupey iekwTy krny sn. Pyr ies 410 kroV rupey dI rkm df kI bixaf? ies vfr iesdf iËkr hI nhIN hoieaf, ikAuNik ryqf, bjrI dy kflf bËfr Aupr akflI aqy kFgrs dy vwzy isafsqdfnF dI srdfrI cwldI hY. ies vfr smfijk  BlfeI dIaF skImF leI Dn jutfAux leNI ibjlI dI Kpq Aupr 5 PIsdI sYsw aqy ÈihrI ËmInI kfrobfr Aupr 3 PIsdI vfDU aÈtfm izAUtI lfAux dI qËvIj hY. pihlI gwl qF Bfjpf ies leI rfËI nhIN hovygI aqy dUjf ies mwd qoN hfsl hox vflI rkm nfl smfijk BlfeI dIaF anykF lok luBfAU skImF ƒ clfieaf nhIN jf skdf. srkfrI munIm aYvyN hI awkI plfhI hwQ mfr rhy hn.

pMjfb isr hr sfl cVH rhy srkfrI krËy bfry dovyN vwzIaF pfrtIaF iek dUjI ƒ BMzdIaF rihMdIaF hn. bfdl sfihb ies msly `qy kFgrs pfrtI ƒ kosx ivc iek vI mOkf nhIN KuMJfAuNdy. lyikn qwQ ieh hY ik akflI Bfjpf srkfr dy pihly rfj 1997-2002 ivckfr hr sfl aOsq 3056 kroV aqy kFgrs dy rfj ivc 3061 kroV rupey dI dr nfl krËf vwDdf irhf hY. 2006-07 ivc kyNdr vloN 3772 kroV rupey dI krËf muafPI nfl akflIaF ƒ ies vfr ivrsy  ivc 48344 kroV rupey df krËf imilaf sI, ijhVf iehnF dy pihly sfl ivc hI 4592 kroV rupey Bfv 9[5 PIsdI vwD ky 52936 kroV rupey ho igaf hY. agly sfl leI ieh rfÈI 57369 kroV rupey imwQI geI hY ijhVI ik sfl dy aMq qwk iksy vI qrF 58 hËfr kroV rupey qoN Gwt nhIN hovygI. ies leI pMjfb ƒ krËeI krn ivc akflI iksy vI qrF kFgrsIaF nfloN ipwCy nhIN hn. hkIkq qF ieh hY ik iehnF pfrtIaF dy afgUaF df kunbf hI iNek nhIN hY sgoN goq knfly vI sFJy hn. pMjfb dy BivwK leI iehnF dovF kol hI dUr idRÈtI nhIN hY.

pMjfb dI afriQkqf ivc srivs sYktr dI srdfrI ho jfx dy bfvjUd vI 60 PIsdI abfdI KyqI `qy inrBr hY aqy KyqI dy ivkfs leI rYzIkl qOr qrIky apxfey ibnF pyNzU Kyqr dI KVoq nhIN tuwt skdI, nf hI snaqI Kyqr df ivkfs ho skdf hY. bjt qËvIËF Aupr nËr mfrn qoN pqf lwgdf hY ik KyqI, pyNzU ivkfs aqy snaqI Kyqr dIaF XojnfvF Aupr lgfqfr iqwKI ktOqI huMdI af rhI hY. svfl ieh nhIN ik koeI bjt ivc iksy Kyqr leI ikMnI rfÈI qËvIË krdf hY, sgoN ieh hY ik sfl dy aMq ivc ikMnI rfÈI Krc huMdI hY. pyNzU ivkfs leI 2006-07 ivc 840 kroV rupey Bfv kuwl Xojnf Krc df 14[6 Krcy gey sn jo 2007-08 ivc Gwt ky 414 kroV arQfq 8[2 PIsdI hI rih gey hn. mOjUdf srkfr ipClI kFgrs srkfr dIaF nIqIaF nfloN vI do kdm mUhry ho ky cwl rhI hY. bjt ivc KyqI sYktr leI srkfrI invyÈ aqy KyqI Koj leI koeI qrjIh hI nhIN hY. spÈt hY ik ies kMm vfsqy vwzIaF aYgro ibjns kMpnIaF `qy tyk rwKI jf rhI hY. mukyÈ aMbfnI aqy sunIl BfrqI vrgy Dn kubyrF  leI kfrporyt KyqI vfsqy rsqf sfP kIqf jf irhf hY. hry ienklfb df qËrbf sfbq kr cuwikaf hY ik pMjfb dI iksfnI dI brbfdI leI aYgro ibËns kMpnIaF vwloN kIqf jf irhf ÈoÈx hI ijMmyvfr irhf hY. prMqU akflI srkfr vI  KuwlI mMzI dI kiQq AudfrvfdI nIqI qihq inwjI pUMjI ƒ hI AuqÈfhq kr rhI hY.

pMjfb dy ivkfs leI nvyN vsIly jutfAux, tYks AugrfhI dI dr ivc vfDf krn, corbËfrI ƒ rokx aqy DnI vrgF ƒU idwqIaF jf rhIaF byloVIaF  irafieqF  ƒ Kqm krn dI loV hY. lyikn srkfr afpxy jmfqI ikrdfr aqy coxvfdI mËbUrIaF sdkf iehnF ivcoN iek vI kdm cuwkx leI iqafr nhIN hY. aijhI hflq ivc ÈbdI jfl aqy aMkiVaF dI jfdUgrI nfl kuwJ nhIN sMvr skdf. jdoN qwk munImI dI purfqn ÈYlI df iqafg krky lok pwKI phuMc nhIN apxfeI jFdI, pMjfb dy arQcfry ƒ lIh qy ilafAuxf muÈikl hI nhIN, asMBv vI hovygf.

#####

BfrqI bjt : KuwlI mMzI Aupr rihmq df prdf

 -krm brst

kFgrs pfrtI dI agvfeI hyTlI sFJy morcy dI srkfr df pMjvF aqy afKrI bjt afm lokF dIaF AumIdF nfloN kuwJ vwD hI ikhf jf skdf hY. isafsI aqy afriQk mfhrF ny iesƒ TIk hI agfmI coxF leI kFgrs pfrtI  dy mnorQ pwqr dI sMigaf idwqI hY. lyikn kyNdrI bjt df zUMGfeI ivc ivÈlyÈx kIqf jfvy qF ieh mwDvrg ƒ kuwJ  irafieqF dyx qoN ibnF bfkI sB aMkiVaF dI jfdUgrI hY. asl ivc pUry jgq Aupr mMzrf rhy afriQk mMdvfVy dy Bfrq Aupr pY rhy asrF ƒ Gwt krn dI koiÈÈ vDyry kIqI geI hY. ies msly vwl bfad ivc prqFgy.

bjt df sB qoN luBfAuxf aqy crcq pihlU grIb aqy Coty iksfnF ƒ idwqI jfx vflI 50000 kroV rupey dI krËf muafPI dI rfhq hY. pMj eykV qoN Aupr  vfilaF  ƒ krËy dI adfiegI  vkq 2[5 PIsdI Cot idwqI jfvygI. kul imlfky iksfnI ƒ 60,000 kroV rupey df vwzf qohPf dyx df pRcfr kIqf jf irhf hY. ieh cmqkfrI aMkVf ikQoN cuwikaf igaf hY, nf iksy ny dwisaf  hY aqy nf hI KuÈI ivc KIvy hoey lokF kol puwCx dI ivhl hY. qwQ qF ieh hY ik pMj eykVF qoN hyTlI vfhI  vflI iksfnI sMsQfgq kriËaf dy Bfr hyTF bhuqI hY hI nhIN. sgoN Auh qF ipMzF dI DnfZ  iksfnI aqy sUdKorF dy cuMgl  ivc PsI hoeI hY.

qd vI jykr ies aMkVy ƒ swc  dI mMn ilaf jfvy qF kriËaF  dy boJ hyTF  KudkuÈIaF kr rhI iksfnI leI ieh ‘AUT AuproN CfxnI` lfhux vrgI gwl  hY. sB ƒ Xfd hovygf ik sfl 2004 dy awD ivc Kud pRDfn mMqrI zf[ mnmohn isMG  ny ivDrB ivc jfky iksfnF ƒ  bcfAux leI  3750 kroV rupey dI rfhq idwqI sI. ies rfhq ny KudkuÈIaF dI Psl Aupr koeI Prk qF kI pfAuxf sI sgoN AusqoN bfad hI , iewkly ivDrB  aMdr iek hËfr qoN Aupr iksfn KudkuÈIaF kr cuwky hn. iksfnF dy krËy muafP krnf iek ÈuB sgn hY, lyikn svfl iesqoN vwzf hY ik CotI iksfnI vfr vfr krËy dy jfl ivc ikAuN Ps jFdI hY? ieh dyKx dI koiÈÈ ikAuN nhIN kIqI jFdI ik 1991 ivc ÈurU kIqy KuwlI mMzI  dy vrqfry  qoN bfad hI iksfnF  dIaF KudkuÈIaF ivc qyË vfDf ikAuN hoieaf hY?

 iesdy do kfrx spÈt rUp ivc dyKy jf skdy hn. pihlF snaqI aqy KyqI sYktr dIaF pRspr brfmdF aqy drfmdF ivc lgfqfr pfVf vDdf  afieaf hY. mfl vtFdry  df ‘DrmI kMzf` iksfnI nfl zMzImfr irhf hY. iewkly pMjfb ivcoN hI hr sfl 300 kroV rupey qoN ijafdf pyNzU aqy ÈihrI vpfr dy asFvykrn sdkf, sfmrfjI aqy vwzIaF dlfl kMpnIaF dy boJy ivc jf rhy hn. KyqI sYktr dIaF sfrIaF lfgqF Bfv ienputs Aupr sfmrfjI aqy BfrqI dlfl kMpnIaF df kbËf hY. iesdy iswty vjoN KyqI sYktr dy munfPy  lgfqfr suMgVdy afey hn. ies leI iksfnI ƒ krËy ivc rfhq dyx dy nfl nfl AuhnF dI pYdfvfr  aqy lfgqF ivckfr sMquln ibTfey bgYr iksfnI dy sMkt ƒ hwl hI nhIN kIqf jf skdf.

Pyr vI kyNdrI srkfr dI ies gwloN slfGf krnI bxdI hY ik Ausny iksfnI ivclI vrg vMz ƒ pCfxidaf isrP Coty iksfnF dy sMsQfgq krËy muafP krn dI gwl kIqI hY. asl ivc CotI iksfnI nfl hux  qwk isafsI pfrtIaF aqy iksfn XUnIanF ‘iksfnI iek iekhrI jmfq hY` dy nfary hyTF TwgI mfrdIaF jf rhIaF hn. iksfnF dI rfjnIqI krn vfly asl ivc DnfZ aqy jgIrdfrF dy hI ihq pUrdy rhy hn. ijxsF dy vDyry BfvF dI mMg qoN lYky sBnF leI sbiszI dI mMg  isrP AuhnF dy ihwq  ivc jFdI hY, jo afpxf Auqpfdn mMzI  leI krdy hn. guËfrylfiek KyqI krn vfly iksfn ƒ vwD Bfa, muPq ibjlI aqy hor sbiszIaF df bhuq hI ingUxf lfB imldf hY. Pyr vI krËf muafPI dI hwd 10 eykV dy iksfnF qwk vDf dyxI vfjb hovygI, ikAuNik KyqI aMdrly ivgVy pUMjIvfd dI bdOlq, hux 10 eykVF qoN hyTlI vfhI vI msF guËfryXogI hI rih geI hY.

kyNdrI bjt df mhwqvpUrn nFh pwK pyNzU Kyqr dI krIb 50 PIsdI abfdI byËmIny  iksfnF aqy Kyq mËdUrF ƒ pUrI qrF ivsfr dyxf hY, ijvyN ikqy Auh mnuwK hI nf hox. dyiKaf jfvy qF sMkt dI sB qoN BYVI mfr iehnF vrgF Aupr pY rhI hY. lyikn iksfnI vFg ieh ‘ bVbolI` nf hox krky, iehnF dI ikDry vI suxvfeI nhIN ho rhI. dilqF dy nfm `qy rfjnIqI krn vflIaF pfrtIaF aqy jQybMdIaF vI ies msly bfry cuwp bYTIaF hn. KyqI aMdrly mÈInIkrn ny iehnF koloN ruËgfr smyq jIvn dIaF sfrIaF shUlqF Koh leIaF hn. vwtF bMinHaF `qy Gfh Koqx qoN lYky cuwlHy leI bflx qwk aqy pIx leI sfP suQry pfxI qoN lYky jMgl pfxI qwk ieh vrg muQfj ho ky rih gey hn. byÈk rfÈtrI pyNzU ruËgfr grMtI skIm iehnF vrgF ƒ sfl ivc GtoGt sO idn df ruËgfr dyx df vfadf krdI hY, lyikn ipMzF dy GVMm cODrI, hkIkq ivc pyNzU mËdUrF ƒ ies skIm dy lfBF qoN  ivrvy kr idMdy hn.

pyNzU grIbF leI jnqk vMz pRxflI dI skIm kfgËF ivc qF KUb cwl rhI hY, lyikn hkIkq ivc awDI aDUrI  hI lfgU huMdI hY. kyNdr srkfr dy grIb  pwKI Èor Èrfby dy bfvjUd vI kyNdrI Xojnf ivc  ies md Aupr rfÈI GtdI hI afeI hY. ipCly sfl ies md ivc 252 kroV rwKy gey sn prMqU soDy anumfnF  anusfr isrP 142 kroV hI Krcy gey aqy qfËf bjt ivc vI 145 kroV dI ingUxI rfÈI hI rwKI geI hY. agly ivwqI vrHy `qoN kyNdr srkfr ies skIm rfhIN vMzy jFdy anfj dy GpilaF  ƒ rokx leI smfrt kfrzF ËrIey, loVvMdF ƒ nkd rfÈI dyx bfry soc rhI hY. cMzIgVH aqy hirafxf srkfr ny ies skIm leI hfmI Brky, iesƒ pfielt pRfjYkt vloN lfgU krky ajmfAux dI sihmqI idwqI hY. asl ivc anfj ƒ ijxs jF nkd ivc dyx dI gwl nfloN, smfijk aqy rfjnIqk Kyqr ivc psry ivafpk  iBRÈtfcfr ƒ nwQx dI vDyry loV hY.

kyNdrI bjt dI bunIafdI Duws vwK vwK vrgF ƒ rfhqF dyx dI afV hyTF, afrQk mMdvfVy ƒ  Twlx dI kvfied hY. kul GrylU pYdfvfr ivc lgfqfr vfDf  hox dy ibafnF dy bfvjUd vI, Bfrq dy lokF dI KrId ÈkqI jfm hoeI peI hY. Kud srkfrI aMkiVaF  muqfbk dyÈ dI 72 PIsdI vsoN dI pRqI ivakqI roËfnf afmdn 12 rupey qoN Gwt hY. AuhnF dI afmdn df vwzf ihwsf  KfD Kurfk dy lyKy lwg jFdf hY. mihMgfeI dr Bfv not  psfry ny qF hyTly mwD vrg dIaF cIkF vI kwZvf idwqIaF hn. bYkF vloN Gr Gr jf ky krËf dyx dIaF imMnqF krn dy bfvjUd vI hMZx  sfr vsqF dI mMzI KVoq df iÈkfr hY. lokF dI KrId ÈkqI vDfAux leI iek pfsy 3[87 kroV krdfiqaF ƒ  afmdn tYks ivc 4000 qoN  lYky  48000 rupey   qwk dI slfnf rfhq idwqI geI hY, dUjy  pfsy kstm aqy afbkfrI krF ivc ktOqIaF krky ‘vsqF dIaF kImqF GtfAux leI nhIN sgoN`  kuwJ  smyN leI siQr  rwKx leI, aiswDy  tYksF df Bfr Ërf ku Gwt kIqf igaf hY. sBqoN vwzI bfxIaf clfkI kIqI geI hY, ik kImqF ƒ siQr rwKx dy prdy Ehly vwzI srmfeydfrI ƒ ieko swty hI sfZy iqMn lwK kroV df gwPf dy idwqf igaf hY. ieh sfrf qfxfpytf agfmI coxF ivc votF  vtorn aqy nfl nfl,  vfDU  pYdfvfr dy sMkt nfl inptx leI  kIqf igaf hY.

 ieh swc hY ik iksfnI aqy qnKfhdfr mwDvrg ƒ  iehnF CotF  nfl lfËmI hI kuwJ smyN leI rfhq imlygI prMqU iehnF CotF df asl mnorQ ijwQy iek pfsy  lokF dI KrId ÈkqI vDfky KpqkfrI mMzI ƒ hulfrf dyxf hY, AuQy nfl hI nfl KuwlI mMzI dIaF qfkqF Aupr ‘rihmqF` dI puÈfk pihnfAxf hY. lMby dfa qoN dyiKaf jfvy, qF lok Auksfvy ivc afky hor vwD KrId krngy aqy dyÈ dy kony kony ivc hrl hrl krdIaF iPrdIaF sfmrfjI aqy dlfl kMpnIaF dy munfPy vDxgy. asl ivc ieh iek aijhy iÈkfrI vflI cfl hY ijhVf cogf suwtky pMCIaF ƒ jfl ivc PsfAuFdf hY. vwzy srmfeydfrF dIaF iqMnoN  hI sMsQfvF  -iPwkI, aYsocYm aqy sI[ afeI[ afeI[ -ny ies bjt df BrvF suafgq kIqf hY. cyqy rhy ik bjt pyyÈ krn qoN pihlF ieh sMgTn hr sfl hI afpo afpxy slfnf sMmyln krdy hn ijQy pRDfn mMqrI aqy ivwq mMqrI Kud phuMc ky, iehnF dIaF mMgF svIkfr krn df Brosf idMdy  hn. spÈt hY ik lok BlfeI dy prdy hyTF, kyNdrI bjt df muwK Ëor  vwzy snaqkfrF  dI mflmMzI ƒ moklf krnf hY.

kyNdrI srkfr dI dirafidlI dy koeI vI kfrn hox aqy afm lokF ƒ vkqI lfB vI hovygf, lyikn ies aihm pwK ƒ awKoN proKy nhIN krnf cfhIdf ik tYks vsUlI ivc BrvyN vfDy dy bfvjUd vI, 133287 kroV rupey df axpUiraf Gftf isr `qy KVf rhygf. ipCly cfr sflF dIaF hwQ GuwtvIaF nIqIaF qoN bfad vI 55184 kroV rupey df mflI Gftf aqy 57520 kroV rupey df muwZlf Gftf sB dy sfhmxy hY. pRfiemrI Gfty df mqlb hY ik srkfr krËy ivc burI qrF zuwbI peI hY . ivafj dIaF adfiegIaF 2006-07 ivc  150272 kroV qoN vwD ky 190807 kroV rupey qwk puwj geIaF hn. jykr ruJfn iehI rhy qF sfl dy aMq qwk iehnf ivc lgBg 35 hËfr kroV rupey df vfDf hoxf XkInI hY.

ies dy Ault kyNdrI plfn ivc rfjF leI grFtF ivc aqy KyqI, snaq, ibjlI, afvfjfeI, sMcfr , ivigafn aqy qknflojI afid vrgIaF aihm afriQk syvFvF ivc ktOqI kIqI jf rhI hY. bulMd dfaivaF dy Ault iswiKaf aqy ishq ijhIaF smfijk syvfvF aMdr bhuq hI inguxf vfDf kIqf igaf hY. bjtI Krcy dI qulnf ivc kyNdrI Xojnf aihm sQfn rwKdI hY, ikAuNik ies ny arQcfry dy sfry KyqrF ƒ hulfrf dyxf huMdf hY. prMqU cflUu sfl ivc hI kyNdr ny afpxI Xojnf ivc 27655 kroV rupey Gwt Krcy hn. ies qoN sMkyq imldf hY ik srkfr Kud jnqk invyÈ krn dI bjfey, inwjI sYktr Aupr hI tyk rwK rhI hY. ies krky KuwlI mMzI dI nIqI ivc moVf pYx dI koeI sMBfvnf hI nhIN hY . kuwl imlf ky kyNdrI bjt ivc afm lokF dIaF awKF pUMJx dI kvfied krdy hoey, KuwlI mMzI dIaF qfkqF ƒ ‘mnuwKI` mKOty nfl Zkx dI hI koiÈÈ kIqI hY.

#####

ajoky pMjfb ivc mF bolI pMjfbI dy ivkfs df mslf

 krm brst

kuwJ hlikaF vwloN gfhy vgfhy ieh svfl AuTfieaf jFdf hY, ik pMjfbI sUbf bxn nfl pMjfbI Ëubfn ny kI Kwitaf hY? sfzI bdiksmqI df iesqoN vwzf sbUq hor koeI nhIN ho skdf, ik pMjfbI sUby dy hoNd ivc afAux qoN 41 virHaF bfad vI sfƒ, ies svfl nfl nijwTxf pY irhf hY. BfrqI hfkm jmfqF ny 1947 dI swqfbdlI dy nfl hI, bolI dy afDfr `qy rfjF dI muV vMz dy afpxy vfady `qoN pYr ipwCy iKwcxy ÈurU kr idwqy sn. ies qrF AuhnF ny vwK vwK kOmIaqF ƒ idwqy BroisaF ƒ pUrf krn `qoN ienkfr krky AuhnF pRqI afpxf ruÉ idKf idwqf sI. ieh vI inÈcq ho igaf sI ik nvIaF hfkm jmfqF sMGI ZFcy dI bjfey, iekfqmk ivvsQf ivc vDyry XkIn rwKdIaF sn. hflq qF BfvyN awj vI iehI hY, lyikn KyqrI pfrtIaF dy isafsI idRÈ `qy Cfa jfx krky, kyNdrI hfkmF ƒ rfjF ƒ vwD aiDkfrF dI ËubfnI BrosgI dyxI hI pYNdI hY.

Pyr vI anykF sUibaF ivc AuTy qkVy aMdolnF, ipwCoN AuuhnF ƒ ieh mMg mMnx leI mËbUr hoxf ipaf . bfkI sUibaF ivc 1956 qwk ieh mslf lgBg inbV igaf sI. lyikn kyNdr dI afpfÈfh aqy gYr jmhUrI srkfr dI guwJI Èih nfl ihMdU iPrkfpRsq jQybMdIaF ny pMjfb ivc iesƒ iek vwKrI hI nuuhfr dy idwqI. iehnF ny 1951 dI qoN lYky qkrIbn 2001 dI mrdmÈumfrI qwk afpxI mF bolI pMjfbI ƒ lwq mfrky ihMdI ilKvfAuux leI ihMdUaF aMdr kdy prqwK aqy kdy lukvIN muihMm clfeI.  pMjfbI aqy gurmuKI ilpI ƒ Auucycy qOr `qy iswKF dI bolI aqy ilwpI ikhf igaf. ies muihMm dy ipwCy Auus mUlvfdI ØihMduU vrg df inihq suafrQ idsdf sI, jo srkfrI aqy hor arD srkfrI nOkrIaF, vpfr aqy isafsq ivc BfrU sn aqy AuuhnF df ieh zr vI idsdf sI ik jy lokF dI bolI srkfrI bolI bx geI qF AuuhnF dI BfrU hYsIaq CyqI hI Kuws jfvygI. ies qrFH bolI df suafl iPrkU rMgq lY igaf aqy ihMdUaF dI vwzI igxqI ƒ kFgrs, jnsMG aqy hor iPrkfpRsq jQybMdIaF ny kuurfhy pfky, AuuhnF dI mF bolI ihMdI ilKvf idwqI. pMjfb ivc ieh smwisaf Kfs krky cuBvIN sI, ikAuNik Auus vyly pMjfb ivc awj df hirafxf aqy ihmfcl dy kuuwJ ihwsy Èfml sn.

pRqIkrm vjoN akflI dl ny pMjfbI sUby dI mMg AuuTfeI, BfvyN AuhnF df mMqv iek aijhf sUbf prfpq krn df sI, ijs ivc iswK abfdI dI bhuigxqI hovy, ikAuNik akflI dl iswKF dI ieko  iek vfhd jQybMdI hox df Ìryb vI krdf sI. ÉYr akflI afgUaF df mnÈf kuwJ vI irhf hovy, lyikn bolI dy aDfr `qy vwKrf sUbf bxfAux dI mMg iblkul hI vfËb aqy jmhUrI sI. iesy kfrx hI pMjfbI bolx vfly rfj dI, sI[pI[afeI[ aqy hor Drm inrpwK aqy  jmhUrI ÈkqIaF afm rUp ivc hmfieq krdIaF sn. iek nvMbr 1956 ƒ pMjfb aMdr pYpsU ƒ rlfAuux qoN ipwCoN, akflI dl df aDfr vI PYl igaf sI. prjf mMzl aqy muËfrf aMdolnF dy iswty vjoN, iksfn smUhF ivc ivafpk jfgrqI afeI. prMqU  mfstr qfrf isMG dI QF `qy sMq Pqih isMG dy afAux qoN bfad hI ieh lihr hor ivÈfl aDfr vflI aqy iqwKI ho skI. ËreI Kyqr aMdr nvIaF, ËmIn mflk ÈRyxIaF hoNd ivc afeIaF. rfjnIqk qOr `qy, pyNzU DnfZF ny, ÈihrI iswK lIzriÈp ƒ vI Kuwzy lfien lgfky, mohrI iswK sMsQfvF Aupr kbËf jmf ilaf.

sfbkf pYpsU aMdrly srdfriVaF aqy jgIrdfrF leI swqf dIaF pOVIaF dubfrf cVHx df rsqf, iswK bhuigxqI vfly sUby ivcoN dI hoky hI inkldf sI. AuhnF ny vI afpxf Bfr sMq Piqh isMG vflI qkVI dy plVy ivc pfAuxf hI munfsb smiJaf. ies qrF vwK vwK muPfdF vflIaF iswK ÈkqIaF dy iek mMc `qy ØiekwTy ho jfx nfl pMjfbI sUby dy sMGrÈ ƒ bl imilaf aqy bhuq sfrIaF jnqk lihrF qoN ipwCoN hI 1966 ivc pMjfbI sUbf bx sikaf. iPr vI iPrkfpRsq isafsq ny iesdI Èkl ivgfV idwqI. nfl lwgdy pMjfbI boldy sfry ielfky nvyN pMjfb ivc ²Èfiml nhIN kIqy gey. ØiesdI rfjDfnI cMzIgVH smyq anykF msilaF df ryVHkf awj qwk vI hwl nhIN kIqf igaf. iesdy anykF kfrx hn, ijhnF bfry crcf krn leI QF bcdI nhI idsdI.

hux svfl AuTdf hY, ik pMjfbI Ëubfn ny kI Kwitaf? pihl ipRQmy, Ëubfn df svfl hmyÈf hI iksy iKwqy aMdr srmfeydfrI dy ivkfs nfl juiVaf huMdf hY. ieh aYvyN hI nhIN juV jFdf, iesdI vpfrk loV huMdI hY. vpfr leI mMzI aqy lYx dyx krn leI aijhI bolI dI loV pYNdI hY, ijsƒ sfry lok asfnI nfl smJ skdy hox. sMn 1947 dI swqf bdlI AuprMq, sfmrfjvfdI aqy dysI dlfl srmfey dI GuspYT nfl, pMjfb dy ËreI Kyqr ivc iqwKIaF qbdIlIaF vfprIaF. pyNzU Kyqr ivc ËreI srmfeydfrI (kulkF) dI aijhI jmfq hoNd ivc afeI, ijsdy afriQk ihq ÈihrI srmfeydfrI dy nfl nfl, idwlI dI swqf Aupr kfbË vwzI dlfl srmfeydfrI dy ihqF nfl vI bymyl sn. ies srmfeydfrI ƒ afpxy ivkfs leI iek bwJvF aqy KudmuKqfr dfierf cfhIdf sI. swqf dIaF sfrIaF cUlF Aupr bMnH mfrn leI iesƒ pyNzU ipCokV vfly nOkrÈfhF aqy kfirMidaF dI loV sI. ieh loV isrP qd hI pUrI ho skdI sI, jykr sUby dI srkfrI Ëubfn pMjfbI huMdI aqy pyNzU Kyqr dy nOjvfn DIaF puwqrF leI afpxI mfq BfÈf ivc pVHfeI krn df rfh Kuwldf. sfzy lihMdy pMjfb dy dfrÈinkF ƒ vI jËbfqI llkfry mfrn dI bjfey, bolI dy svfl ƒ, pMjfbI kOmIaq dy srmfeydfrfnf ivkfs leI smfj dy jmhUrIkrn dI; aqy pMjfbI Ëubfn dy jmhUrI hwk vfsqy jwdojihd krn dy cOKty ivc rwKky ivcfrn dI loV hY.

ies pyNzUU burËuafjI dy ivkfs krky hI pMjfb dy ÈihrI  aqy pNyzU  ielfikaF ivc nvyN nvyN skUl, kflj aqy XUnIvrstIaF sQfpq krn dI loV mihsUs hoeI. vwzI pwDr `qy pMjfbI mfiDam rfhIN ividaf df prsfr hoieaf. BfÈf ivBfg, pMjfb tYkst buwk borz vrgy adfry hoNd ivc afey. aMgryjI- pMjfbI, pMjfbI- aMgryjI, pMjfbI- ihMdI afid ÈbdkoÈ sfhmxy afey. purfqn aqy nvIn pMjfbI sfihq, siBafcfr aqy ieiqhfs ivc nvIaF KojF leI rfh KuwlHy. pMjfbI jnqk prcfr mfiDamF Kfs krky pMjfbI aKbfrF df vwzI pwDr `qy ivkfs hoieaf. pMjfbI df ipRMt mIzIaf afpxI sUrq aqy sIrq ivc iksy pwKoN vI ipwCy nf irhf. pMjfbI dfnÈmMdF aqy sfihqkfrF dI nvIN POj sfhmxy afeI. kyNdrI bolI dy nfl hI, Aup bolIaF ivÈyÈ krky mlveI aqy puafDI ivc Aucpfey df sfihq rcx df mhOl bixaf. jykr cVHdy pMjfb ivc pMjfbI sUbf nf bxdf qF iesny  AuvyN hI sMsikRqnumf ihMdI dy Kfry sfgr ivc zuwb jfxf sI, ijvyN lihMdy pMjfb ivc avfm dI Ëubfn ƒ AurdU ingl geI hY. sfzy vfly pfsy, ikhVI Gwt vfprI hY, hirafxy aqy ihmfcl prdyÈ dy Aup siBafcfrF aqy bolIaF dI sMGI Guwt idwqI geI hY.

pMjfbI ËUbfn ny kI Kwitaf? df svfl do idÈfvF `qoN AuTfieaf jFdf hY. kuwJ lok smJdy hn ik jykr pMjfb dI bolI dy aDfr `qy dubfrf vMz nf huMdI qF pMjfb dIaF hwdF idwlI qwk PYlIaF huMdIaF aqy purfxy swcr PfrmUly dy muqfbk hux vfly hirafxy ivc pMjfbI BfÈf ƒ dUjI BfÈf df drjf hfsl hoxf sI. AuhnF df dfavf hY, ik ies nfl pMjfbI Ëubfn aqy siBafcfr ny hor prPuwlq hoxf sI. ieh mnOq sImq rUp ivc hI swc hY. iksy Ëubfn ƒ rsmI drjy imlx nfl aMÈk rUp ivc hI mdd imldI huMdI hY. asl ivc mslf hkUmqF dI mnÈf nfl juiVaf huMdf hY. jdoN hkUmqF dI Kslq hI mËhbF, nslF aqy bolIaF dy afDfr Aupr lokF ivc pftk pfAux dI aqy afpxIaF gwdIaF slfmq rwKx dI hovy, qF BfÈf dy ivkfs dy ijMny mrËI Ìryb kIqy jfx, Auh iksy vI kMm nhIN afAuNdy. dyiKaf jfvy, jykr pMjfbI sUby ivc ihMdI ƒ dUjI BfÈf df drjf hfsl ho skdf hY, qF ievyN hI hirafxy jF ihmfcl ivc ikAuN nhIN kIqf jFdf? hirafxy aMdr iksy ƒ vI smJ nf afAux vflI qYlgU BfÈf ƒ ikAuN aqy kIhdy vfsqy lfgU kr idwqf igaf sI, jdik hirafxy dIaF Aup bolIaF bFgrU aqy bfgVI dI pMjfbI nfl nyVy dI ÈkIrI hY. ies leI pMjfbI dy ivkfs vfsqy pMjfb dIaF hwdF ƒ idwlI qwk iljfx dI loV nhIN, blik hfkmF dI rËf aqy rjfeI XfnI surwiKaf dI ËrUrq hY. dyÈ dy hfkm , BfvyN Auh iksy vI rMg dy JMzy vfly hox, jykr lokF ivc afpxIaF coxvfdI sOVIaF nIqIaF sdkf vMzIaF pfAuxoN nhIN hwtdy qF iksy vI BfÈf ƒ pRPuwlq nhIN kIqf jf skdf.

ies svfl df dUjf pihlU aMgryËI BfÈf dI mfnisk gulfmI kbUlx vfilaF dI soc nfl sbMDq hY. AuhnF ƒ nf qF pMjfbI nfl lgfE hY nf ihMdI nfl. srmfey dy ivÈvIkrn dy ies nvyN dOr ivc smfj aqy swqf dIaF sfrIaF cUlF Aupr aijhI jmfq kfbË hY, ijs df ies dyÈ dI iksy vI BfÈf aqy siBafcfr nfl koeI vI vfh vfsqf nhIN irhf. ieh ÈRyxI qF hux afpxy bwicaF nfl vI pMjfbI BfÈf ivc gwlbfq krn ivc Èrm mihsUs kr rhI hY. ies dunIaF ƒ Auh sMsfr ivafpI ipMz smJky kOmI siBafcfrF dy hwk ivc hI nhIN. sfƒ ies ÈRyxI dy bury ierfidaF ƒ smJx aqy pCfVn dI loV hY. kfly aMgryËF dI ieh jmfq kdy vI pMjfbI BfÈf dy pwK ivc nhIN sI aqy nf rhygI. vYsy ieh vwKrI hkIkq hY ik Auh pMjfbI BfÈf dI BlfeI dI afV hyTF hI, pMjfbI sUby dI sQfpnf Aupwr iksy nf iksy bhfny svfl KVy krdI rhygI.

aMgryjI dy kOmFqrI Ëubfn hox df dfavf krn aqy iehdy ibnF ivigafn aqy qknflojI dI AucyrI ividaf dI prfpqI nf ho skx dI duhfeI dyx vfilaF dI kmaklI, ies qwQ `qoN hI jfxI jf skdI hY, ik XUrp aMdr aTfrvIN sdI ivc hI kOmI rfjF dy gTn nfl, aMgryjI ƒ brqfnIaF aqy iesdIaF bsqIaF qwk sImq hoxf pY igaf sI. XUrp df bhuqf igafn aqy ivigafn AuQoN dIaF kOmI BfÈfvF ivc hI prPuwlq hoieaf hY. PrFsIsI, jrmn, spYinÈ, ieqflvI, zwc, purqgflI, rUsI afid BfÈfvF ivc ijMnIaF nvIaF ivigafnk KojF hoeIaF hn aqy rUh JMjoVU sfihq ricaf igaf hY, aMgryjI Auhdy mukfbly ivc ikqy vI nhIN KVHdI. sfzy hI eyÈIafeI mhFdIp ivc jpfn aqy cIn ny afpxIaF hI kOmI BfÈfvF ivc jo mwlF mfrIaF hn, kihx suxn dI gwl hI nhIN hY. kihx df Bfv ieh kdficq vI nhIN hY, ik aMgryjI BfÈf mfVI jF iksy pfisAuN kmËor  hY, ikAuik koeI vI BfÈf GtIaf jF vDIaf nhIN huMdI, sgoN sfzI smJ ivclf tIr huMdf hY, jo iehnF gYrivigafnk aDfrF `qy msnUeI vKryivaF vwl lYky jFdf hY.  BfÈf qF bs afpxy ËjibaF aqy mnovygF ƒ ivakq krn df iek ËrIaf mfqr huMdI hY. pMjfbI jF hor iksy BfÈf Aupr vI ieho hI ksOtI lfgU huMdI hY. 

aMq ivc, muwkdI gwl ieh hY ik pMjfbI sUby dI sQfpnf nfl pMjfbI BfÈf aqy siBafcfr df byimsfl ivkfs hoieaf hY. pMjfbIaF Kfs krky iswKF dy afpxy aKOqI rfj ijsƒ mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG df rfj ikhf jFdf hY, ivwc vI pMjfbI BfÈf  dI koeI puwC pRqIq nhIN sI. Aus smyN dI drbfrI BfÈf ÌfrsI sI. pMjfbI BfÈf dy ivkfs leI, pMjfbI sUby bfry svfl KVy krn dI bjfey hfkmF dy bury ierfidaF ƒ cuxOqI dyxI bxdI hY, ijhVy awj qwk vI hirafxy aqy ihmfcl pRdyÈ ivc qF kI; Kud pMjfbI sUby aMdr hI pMjfbI bolI ƒ ZukvF sQfn dyx leI afkI hoey bYTy hn. ies leI pMjfbI ipafiraF ƒ kdy vI pMjfbI BfÈf dy Kwtx jF guafAux dy svfl ƒ, pMjfbI sUby dI sQfpnf nfl joVn dI ÊlqI nhIN krnI cfhIdI. bxdf qF ieh hY ik sfry pMjfbI imlky hr qrF dy hfkmF ƒ,  AuhnF dI soc bdlx leI mËbUr krIey.

+++++

KyqI sYktr ivc ivafjU pUMjI dI mhwqqf

-krm brst

hfkm akflI dl hmyÈf hI iksfnF df cYNpIan hox dI KwtI KFdf af irhf hY. pMjfb dy cox ieiqhfs ivc PrvrI 2007 dIaF asMblI coxF hI Èfied aijhf apvfd sI, ik ‘‘mhfrfjy`` dI bdOlq, kFgrs pfrtI pihlI vfr akflIaF dy rvfieqI gVH mflvy aMdr iksfnI votF ivc sMnH lgfAux ivc kfmXfb ho skI. lgfqfr pMj sfl iksfnF dIaF PslF mMzIaF ivc rulx qoN bcIaF rihx qoN ibnF, pfxIaF bfry smJOqy rwd krn dy nfl nfl iksfnF ƒ cYkF rfhIN iswDI adfiegI krn df vfadf, akflIaF dIaF sfrIaF ‘‘pMQk imjfielF`` ƒ Tuws krn ivc ‘rfmbfx` sfbq hoieaf. iesy krky hfkm akflI iDr ny kFgrs pfrtI vloN Cwzy ‘‘iksfnF ƒ cYkF rfhIN adfiegI krn`` dy hiQafr ƒ vrqx dI plyTI koiÈÈ krnI cfhI hY. lyikn DnfZ iËmIdfrF qoN afVqIaF ivc plty ‘‘iksfnF`` dy dbfa mUhry JukidaF ies vfady ƒ kwcy iply ZMg rfhIN lfgU krn df pYNqVf mwl ilaf hY. hfkm iDr iksfnF ƒ vI vrcfAuxf cfhuMdI hY aqy afpxy jmfqI ‘irÈqydfrF` afVHqIaF ƒ vI aFc nhIN lwgx dyxf cfhuMdI.

iksfnI dIaF mMgF leI sMGrÈ kr rhIaF jQybMdIaF dy vFg hI, buwDIjIvIaF qoN lYky srkfrF qwk, iek msly bfbq sfry sihmq hn, ik pMjfb dI iksfnI Gor sMkt ivc PsI hoeI hY. lyikn do gwlF df inqfrf krn ivc AuhnF ivckfr iqwKy mqByd pfey jFdy hn. iek Auh iDr hY, ijhVI iksfnF ivckfr iksy vI iksm df vrgByd krn qoN ienkfrI hI nhIN, sgoN AuhnF ƒ ivÈfl iksfnI cOKty ivc rwKky, sfiraF ƒ hI ieko ijhIaF irafieqF dyx dI hfmI hY. krËf muafPI dy ‘rotF` Aupr DnfZ iksfnF dI igrJI  awK itkI hoeI hY. mOjUdf hfkm iDr aqy iksfn jQybMdIaF dI bhuigxqI iesy soc ƒ pRxfeIaF hoeIaF hn.

ies phuMc df iswtf ieh inkl irhf hY, ik iksfnI dy nfm hyTF hI iksfn ivroDI rfjnIqI pUry joÈ nfl KyzI jf rhI hY. awj hflq ieh hY bx cuwkI hY, ik vwzy ËmIn mflk, iksfnI dy prdy hyTF imlx vflIaF sfrIaF shUlqF ƒ cUMzky lY jFdy hn aqy aslI iksfnF dI ivÈfl bhuigxqI leI cUrBor hI bcdf hY. muÌq ibjlI pfxI qoN lYky sihkfrI aqy srkfrI kriËaF dI shUlq qwk afm iksfnI df ÈoÈx krn vfly pUMjIvfdI lYNzlfrz aqy afVHqIaF df DMDf krn vfly DnfZ iksfn hI Pfiedf AuTfAuNdy af rhy hn. nObq ies pVfa qwk pruMc cuwkI hY, ik afVHqIaF ivc plty DnfZ iksfnF ny rvfieqI ÈfhUkfrF ƒ vI guwTy lgf ky, afVHqIaF dI pMjfb pwDrI jQybMdI Aupr kbËf jmf ilaf hY. afVHqIaF aqy iksfnF ivckfr idno idn iqwKy ho rhy tkrfa df iek vwzf kfrx ‘‘iksfn`` afVHqIaF df jfqpfqI GumMz vI afVy af irhf hY, ikAuNik Auh zFg dy Ëor nfl krËf vsUlI Aupr tyk rwK rhy hn, jdoN ik rvfieqI mhfjn ÈfhUkfr zuwb rhy krËy dy sbMD ivc ‘‘sfrf jFdf dyKIey qF awDf leIey vMz`` vflf qrIkf vI apxf lYNdy sn.

ijQoN qwk iksfnF aqy iksfn jQybMdIaF  df sbMD hY, Auh lgBg iek nukqy Aupr phuMcIaF idKfeI idMdIaF hn ik pMjfb dy iksfnF dI durdÈf leI sUdKorI iËMmyvfr hY. ies qoN bcx dy iek rfh vjoN, iksfnF ƒ KrIddfrF koloN iswDI adfiegI dI mMg AuTdI rhI hY. ipClI kFgrs srkfr ny iksfnF ƒ vrcfAux leI, AuhnF ƒ cYkF rfhIN adfiegI krn df PYslf lY ilaf sI, lyikn afVHqIaF dy dbfa aqy votF dIaF igxqIaF imxqIaF sdkf iesƒ lfgU krn qoN tflf vwt ilaf sI. ÈRomxI akflI dl (bfdl) ny iksfnF dIaF votF vtorn leI cYkF rfhIN adfiegI krn df vfadf kIqf sI, lyikn ajy kIqy aYlfnF dI isafhI vI nhIN sI suwkI, ik Kud hI 19 jnvrI 2008 ƒ mogy ivc, afVHqIey bxy ijmINdfrF df iek iekwT krvfky, ies vfady dI imwtI plIq kr idwqI. hfkm iDr ƒ vI pqf hY, ik isrP aYlfn krn nfl kuwJ vI hox vflf nhIN hY, ikAuNik 1961 dy ‘‘KyqI pYdfvfr leI mMzI kfƒn`` dI Dfrf 10 anusfr iksfnF ƒ adfiegI hI ivcoilaF Bfv afVHqIaF ËrIey hoxI hY. jdoN qwk ies kfƒn ivc soD nhIN kIqI jFdI, AudoN qwk iksfnF ƒ adfiegI BfvyN nkd hovy jF cYk rfhIN, AuhnF dI luwt ivc koeI Ìrk nhIN pYx lwigaf. imsfl vjoN, pRfeIvyt sYktr dy anykF ividak adfry afpxy mulfËmF ƒ cYkF rfhIN hI adfiegI krdy hn, lyikn cYk dyx qoN pihlF ‘‘vfDU`` rkm vfps lY lYNdy hn jF AuhnF dy Kfqy hI afp apryt krdy hn.

ies leI krËy ivc zuwby iksfn ƒ ies ‘‘shUlq`` nfl koeI Prk nhIN pYx lwigaf, ik AuhnF ƒ adfiegI ikvyN huMdI hY? Pyr vI hryk Auqpfdk vFg, iksfn df vI jmhUrI hwk hY, ik Ausƒ  ivcoly dI bjfey, KrIddfr koloN iswDI adfiegI imly. iksfnF dy ies jmhUrI hwk dI sBƒ hmfieq krnI cfhIdI hY aqy pMjfb srkfr Aupr dbfa pfAuxf cfhIdf hY, ik Auh mMzI kfƒnF ivc ZukvIN soD kry, nhIN qF cYkF vflI gwl ÌrybI vfady qoN ibnF kuwJ vI nhIN hY. mslf kyvl adfiegIaF dy rUp qwk sImq nhIN hY. asl ivc KyqI sYktr ivclI pUMjI dy cirwqr bfry drusq smJ bnfAux dI vI loV hY.

KwbI ivcfrDfrf anusfr ‘‘sUdKor pUMjI pYdfvfr dy qOr ƒ inswqf bxf idMdI hY, pYdfvfr dIaF ÈkqIaF df ivkfs  krn dI QF `qy AunHF  ƒ apfhj bxf idMdI hY, ieh AuhnF mMdyhfl hflqF ƒ bxf ky rwKdI hY, ijhnF ivc ikrq dI smfijk Auqpfdkqf afpxI ikrq dI kImq `qy ivkfs nhIN krdI ijvyN ik pYdfvfr dy pUMjIvfdI  qOr ivc krdI huMdI hY. ieh (sUdKor pUMjI) pYdfvfr dy qOr nfl jok vFg icMbV jFdI hY, Aus dI rwq  cUs ky Aus ƒ pIlf BUk kr idMdI hY aqy muV Auqpfdn dy aml ƒ  hor vwD qrsXog hflqF  ivc cwlx leI mjbUr  krdI hY.``

sUdKor pUMjI bfry ieh ivcfr zyZ sdI pihlF, aijhy smfjF bfry idwqy gey sn, ijhnF ivc bYNk  pUMjI  aqy pUMjIvfdI Auqpfdn pRbMD  hoNd ivc nhIN afieaf sI.  lyikn pMjfb ivc aMgryËF dy Ëmfny ivc hI KyqI ivc pYdfvfr df pUuMjIvfdI qOr ivksq hoxf ÈurU  ho igaf sI aqy 1947  dI swqf bdlI ipwCoN lfgU kIqy gey sImq BUmI suDfrF aqy Kfs krky 1965 qoN bfad ÈurU hoey ‘hry ienklfb` ny KyqI sYktr aMdr vwzI qbdIlI ilaf idwqI hY. mÈInIkrn aqy sMGxI KyqI (BfvyN ieh sfmrfjvfd dI Cqr Cfieaf ivc hI shI) dy mfzl ny pYdfvfr aqy muV pYdfvfr dy aml ƒ pUrv pUMjIvfd nhIN rihx idwqf hY.

ijxsF dy Auqpfdn, mudrf aqy vsqF dy GuMmxGyr ny ivafjU pUMjI dy muZly  cirwqr ƒ kfPI bdl idwqf hY. nf qF sUd dI dr jgIrU pRbMD vflI hY aqy nf hI pUMjI dI bxqr rvfieqI sUdKorI vflI hY. KyqI ivc ivcr rhI ivafjU pUMjI df lgBØg  pwcI PIsdI ihwsf gYr sUdKor sroqF-sOKy suKfly srkfrI mulfËmF, iBRÈt aPsrÈfhI, Auprly DnI iksfnF, vpfrIaF afid- qoN af irhf hY. svfl ieh nhIN hY ik sUdKor pUMjI iksfnF dI luwt  nhIN  krdI. bhuq sfry ÈfhUkfr aqy afVHqIey aijhy ho skdy hn aqy hoxgy vI ijhVy sUd dI AucI dr  aqy hyrfPyrI rfhIN iksfnI dI luwt Ksuwt krdy hoxgy. asl mslf qF iksy hfsl smfj ivc ivafjU pUMjI dI BfrU BUimkf qoN qYa krnf huMdf hY, ik ieh smfjk Auqpfdn ivc muV pYdfvfr dy aml ƒ Augfsf idMdI hY jF jkV ky rwKdI hY?

pMjfb ivc ivafjU pUMjI pihl ipRQmy qF ivkfsmuKI BUimkf inBfAux vwl ruicq rhI hY. dUjf, KyqI sYktr ivc iesdf lgBg AuhI Xogdfn hY, ijho ijhf snaqI Kyqr ivc bYNk pUMjI df huMdf hY. ieh KyqI ivkfs ƒ jkVx dI bjfey, hulfrf dyx dy kMm af rhI hY. asl ivc CotI iksfnI kyvl ivafjU pUMjI dI luwt krky hI nhIN, sgoN KuwlI mMzI dIaF bylgfm qfkqF dI DMgyV Jwlx dy smrwQ nhIN hY, aqy nf hI ho skdI hY, ikAuNik BfrqI mMzI df ‘‘DrmI kMzf`` Coty iksfnF nfl pfskU mfrn df afdI hY. iksfnF dI kMgflI ƒ qyË krn ivc ivafjU pUMjI dI BUimkf qF ho skdI hY, lyikn ieh afpxy afp ivc buinafdI kfrx nhIN hY. vwzy srmfey dy vihÈI hmly mUhry CotI iksfnI ingly jfx leI srfpI huMdI hY. ieiqhfs dy hryk moV ny ies qwQ ƒ vfr vfr swc sfbq kIqf hY.

qd vI ies df mqlb ieh nhIN ik pMjfb aMdr sUdKorI koeI smwisaf hI nhIN hY. asl ivc ieQoN dI KyqI aMdrly pUMjIvfd dy apfhj Kfsy ƒ smJx dI loV hY. iek pfsy cwl rhy ivsQfrI pYdfvfr df vrqfrf ikrq ÈkqI ƒ lgfqfr KyqI ivcoN kwZ irhf hY aqy dUjy pfsy snaq df ivkfs vI nhIN ho irhf. vsoN dI vwzI igxqI ruËgfr leI KyqI Aupr inrBr nf ho ky vI, ijAuNdy rihx leI ËmIn Aupr Bfr bxI hoeI hY. KyqI ivcoN pYdf ho rhI vfPr kdr muV KyqI jF snaq ivc lwgx dI bjfey gYr Auqpfdk kfrjF ivc Krc ho rhI hY. ieh afpxf rfh ivafjU pUMjI ivc qlfÈ rhI hY. KyqI dy munfPy df vwzf ihwsf ienputs pYdf krn vflIaF sfmrfjI kMpnIaF dI JolI ivc  jf irhf hY.

asl ivc kuwJ iksfn jQybMdIaF jfxy jF axjfxy ivafjU pUMjI ƒ afpxy sMGrÈ df cot inÈfnf bxfky iksfnF dI brbfdI dy asl kfrn Coty pYmfny dI pYdfvfr ƒ axizwT kr idMdy hn. pUMjIvfdI Auqpfdn ivvsQf ivc ivafjU pUMjI qoN ibnF sr hI nhIN skdf ikAuNik iksy vI AudmI kol ieMnf pYsf nhIN huMdf ik Auh vwzy pYmfny dI pYdfvfr krn leI jugfV KVf kr sky . ivafjU pUMjI Aupr inrBr krnf AusdI axsrdI mËbUrI hY, lyikn AusdI Coty pYmfny dI pYdfvfr iesdf Bfr cuwkx dy asmrwQ huMdI hY. pUMjIvfdI mukfbly dy dOr ivc hryk bMdf ‘‘iksmq df DnI`` bxnf cfhuMdf huMdf hY, Ausƒ ‘idn iPrn df JUTf Drvfs rihMdf hY, prMqU ‘‘ivDmfqf`` ny Ausdy lyKF dI lkIr hI puwTI vfhI huMdI hY.

ies leI svfl ivafjU pUMjI df qrkhIx ivroD krn df nhIN sgoN iesdy bymuhfrypx Aupr kfbU pfAux df hoxf cfhIdf hY. smuwcy Bfrq dy arD jgIrU pRbMD ivc pMjfb vrgy KyqI dy Aunq iKwqy pUMjIvfdI pYdfvfr pRxflI  ivc dfKl hox dy bfvjUd vI dlfl aqy ivdyÈI pUMjI  dy glby aDIn hn. POrI pRsMg ivc CotI iksfnI ƒ lfmbMd krky, Ausƒ ies asfvyN afriQk inËfm dy ÈoÈx dIaF brIkIaF bfry cyqMn krn dI loV hY. ies leI iksfnF dI hkIkI mukqI leI AuhnF dy sMGrÈF ƒ smfijk qbdIlI dy dyÈ ivafpI sMgrfm nfl joVnf hovygf. smuwcI imhnqkÈ jnqf dI mukqI nfl hI Coty mfl AuqpfdkF dI bMdKlfsI sMBv hY.

mËbUq arQcfry df sUck nhIN hY, swtf bËfr

-krm brst

arQcfry dI mËbUqI bfry BfrqI hfkmF dy bulMd dfaivaF dy bfvjUd, smyN ny vfr vfr idKfieaf hY, ik Bfrq dI afriQkqf sMsfrivafpI arQcfry dIaF qMdF nfl burI qrF nUVI jf cuwkI hY. Bfrq dy swtf bËfr dI ieiqhfsk igrfvt qoN isrÌ iek hÌqf pihlF 8 jnvrI ƒ, jdoN Èyar mfrkIt dy sMvydI sUck aMk ny iewkI hjfr df aMkVf pfr kIqf sI, qF dyÈ dy pRDfn mMqrI aqy ivq mMqrI ny  BfrqI  arQcfry dI mËbuUqI dy ksIdy kwZx ivc sB ƒ ipwCy Cwz idwqf sI. iesy kiQq mËbUqI sdkf aMbfnI pirvfr dy ÌrjMd, dunIaF dy sBqoN vwzy amIrËfidaF dI kqfr ivc af KVy sn. lyikn 14 jnvrI qoN lYky 22 jnvrI qwk dy swq ÈYÈnF ivc Bfrq dy Èyar bËfr aMdr Auh qbfhI mwcI, ik dunIaF Br dIaF vpfrk aKbfrF iesƒ ‘‘afriQk kqlyafm`` dI sMigaf dyx qwk clIaF geIaF. iql iql krky juiVaf pYsf iek hÌqy aMdr hI CUmMqr ho igaf.

moty aMdfjy anusfr invyÈkF df ds lwK kroV rupeIaf zuwb igaf. zuwibaf nf khIey, blik vwzIaF ivdyÈI sMsQfgq invyÈI kMpnIaF cUMzky lY geIaF. swq idnF dy kfrobfr ivc kul imlfky, sYNsYks 5000 puafieMt arQfq 25 PIsdI dy krIb hyTF izg ipaf. amrIkn arQcfry ƒ Augfsf dyx leI, AuQoN dy kyNdrI bYNk ny jdoN isrP pOxf PIsdI ivafj dr Gwt kr idwqI, qF 23 jnvrI ƒ Bfrq smyq pUrI dunIaF df swtf bËfr Pyr hulfry ivc af igaf. lyikn agly idn hI, PrFs dy iek vwzy bYNk ivc hoey gbn dy nMgf huMidaF hI, Bfrq dI swtf pUMjI vI goqf mfr geI. 25 jnvrI ƒ Bfrq df Èyar bËfr iekdm 1140 nukqy Aupr AuT igaf. ies df kfrx arQcfry dI mËbUqI nhIN sI, blik amrIkI srkfr vwloN, afpxy lokF ƒ idwqI 150 iblIan zflr (krIb Cy lwK kroV rupey) dI bKÈIs sI. spÈt hY, ik Bfrq dI Èyar mfrkIt ivc afAux vfly AubfilaF jF igrfvtF df Bfrq dy afriQk ivkfs nfl dUr dUr df vfsqf nhIN hY. ieh isrP kOmFqrI pwDr `qy hrl hrl krdI iPrdI swtf pUMjI hI hY, ijhVI Bfrq smyq qIjI dunIaF dy dysF ivc GuspYT krky ivkfs jF arQcfry dI mËbUqI df Brm pYdf krdI hY.

BfrqI arQcfry aMdr do ivroDI ruJfn spÈt idKfeI dy rhy hn. iek pfsy KyqI aqy snaqF aMdr ingUxf ivkfs drj kIqf jf irhf hY aqy dUjy pfsy Èyar mfrkIt Gt vwD rhI hY aqy dyÈ ivc ivdyÈI mudrf dy BMzfr byimsfl rÌqfr nfl vwD rhy hn. srkfrI dfaivaF  anusfr vI aqy Xojnf kimÈn dyaMkiVaF muqfbk vI Bfrq ivc ‘ruËgfr rihq ivkfs ` ho irhf hY. ies df mqlb hY ik afriQk suDfrF dy ipCly solF sflF  aMdr ruËgfr ivc koeI vfDf nhIN  hoieaf, sgoN pbilk aqy inwjI Kyqr dy jQybMd sYktr ivc, hux qwk pMdrF PIsdI lokF ƒ nOkrIaF qoN hwQ Doxy pey hn. ies hflq ivc jdoN ruËgfr dy nvyN mOky pYdf nhIN ho rhy  aqy purfxy krmcfrI  CFtIaF df iÈkfr bx rhy hn, qF lfËmI hI jnqf dI KrId ÈkqI GtxI hI GtxI hY. ies leI snaqI  Auqpfdn aqy KyqI pYdfvfr ivc vfDy df svfl hI pYdf nhIN ho skdf.

bycYn krn vflf aihm pihlU, stfk mMzI ivc  idKfeI dy irhf hY. ies qfËf GtnfkRm nfl lokF ƒ hrÈd mihqf aYNz pfrtI  vloN kIqy Èyar Gply dI Xfd afAuxI suBfivk sI. KwbIaF pfrtIaF aqy Bfjpf srkfr koloN iehnF ‘‘axikafsy`` vrqfiraF dI jFc krfAux dI mMg kr rhIaF hn. lyikn ivwq mMqrI sRI pI[ icMdbrm hr vfr hI iehnF GtnfvF ƒ `afriQk bfËfr dI aMdrUnI drusqI` dI pRikiraf afK ky pwlf JfV idMdy hn. pUry swq ÈYÈn Èyar mfrkIt ivc hfhfkfr mwcI rhy aqy igrfvt ƒ rokx leI kfrobfr bMd krnf pvy aqy ivq mMqrI ƒ tIvI cYnlF `qy afky spÈtIkrn dyxy pYx, qF kI ieh isrÌ aMdrUnI drusqI hY? Pyr 25 jnvrI ƒ acfnk 1140 aMkF df ieiqhfsk AuCfl afANdf hY, kI ieh vI bfËfr dI aMdrUnI drusqI sI? srkfr vloN koeI spÈtIkrn nhIN afieaf hY.

 iek dhfky  pihlF dy smyN vwl ipwCy muVIey qF  jdoN ÈyarF dIaF kImqF qyËI nfl vwwD rhIaF sn qF AudoN dy ivwqmMqrI  zf[ mnmohn isMG ny KuÈ ho ky ikhf sI ik ‘‘stfk mMzI afriQk suDfrF pRqI hF pwKI huMgfrf Br rhI hY.`` hrÈd mihqf kFz qoN bfad jdoN Èyar mfrkIt isr prny izwg geI qF AuhnF ny rosy nfl jvfb idwqf sI ik ‘‘mYN stfk mfrkIt sdkf afpxI nINd Krfb nhIN kr skdf.`` ieh sfzy nIqI GfiVaF dy tksflI jvfb hn. jy cIËF afm gqI nfl cwl rhIaF hox, qF Auh ienHF ƒ  afriQk ivkfs dI gqI vjoN lYNdy hn, lyikn AultmuKI BVfkf pYNidaF hI dUsrI iksm dy ibafn dfg idMdy hn. mOjUdf ivwq mMqrI icdMbrm vI iesy iksm dIaF klfbfËIaF Kf irhf hY. iblkul swc hY ik Èyar mMzI df ivkfs jF igrfvt  iksy dyÈ dy afriQk ivkfs df sUck nhIN hY. lyikn ies ƒ aDfr  bxf ky jnqf ƒ byvkUP bxfAux dI koiÈÈ  vI qF nhIN krnI cfhIdI.

Èyar bfËfr dI zfvFzolqf dy buinafdI kfrnF bfry ajy vI, koeI crcf krn dI koiÈÈ nhIN kr irhf. ivdyÈI sMsQfgq invyÈkfr ipCly iek dhfky qoN, Bfrq dy swtf bfËfr ivc ,vwzI pwDr `qy pUMjI lgf rhy hn. isrP ipCly iqMn sflF ivc hI AuhnF ny 18 arb zflr lgBg 77400 kroV rupey dy ihwsy KrIdy hn. AuNj smuwcy qOr `qy swtf bËfr ivc AuhnF dI 3003 kroV zflr dI pUMjI lwgI hoeI hY. BfvyN bMbeI stfk aYkscyNj ivc cwkr kwtdI kuwl pUMjI df ieh isrP 8 PIsdI  bxdI hY, lyikn  ieh kuwl pUMjI vtFdry dy 38[4 PIsdI ihwsy ƒ kMtrol krdI hY. kihx df Bfv  hY ik ivdyÈI pUMjI hI hY jo Bfrq dy Èyar bfËfr dIaF cUlF Aupr kfbË hY. ieMnI ku mfqrf ivclI ivdyÈI pUMjI hI iksy dyÈ dI afriQkqf ƒ ikvyN brbfd kr skdI hY, ies df nËfrf , afpxy afp ƒ tfeIgr smJx vfly mlyÈIaf,  isMgfpur, QfeIlYNz, hFgkFg aqy ieMzonyÈIaf dy arQcfry zyZ dhfkf pihlF dyK cuwky hn.

BfrqI arQcfry dI kjoVqf ƒ pyÈ krdf dUjf PYktr ivdyÈI iswky dy BMzfr hn. sfƒ Xfd hY ik 1989-90 ivc, Bfrq kol ivdyÈI iswkf isrP iek hPqy dIaF dyxdfrIaF cukfAux jogf rih igaf sI. cMdr ÈyKr dI agvfeI hyTlI kFgrs dI hmfieq vflI srkfr ny sonf gihxy Dr ky ivdyÈI iswkf hfsl kIqf sI. BfrqI hfkmF ny ies nmoÈI df drusq rfh lwBx dI bjfey, nvIaF afriQk nIqIaF dI afV hyTF, sfzy dyÈ dy bUhy sfmrfjI sMsQfvF aqy kMpnIaF mUhry cupwt KolH idwqy sn. iehnF nIqIaF dy GfVnhfr vI, mOjUdf pRDfn mMqrI zf[ mnmohn isMG hI sn. Aus smyN qoN bfad, Bfrq ny anykF vfr afpxI  ‘afriQk  afËfdI` dfa `qy lgfeI hY.

ies vyly ivdyÈI iswky dy BMzfr 200 arb zflr dy nyVy phuMc gey hn. AuGy arQÈfÈqrI  ieMnI vwzI rkm ƒ vrdfn dI bjfey srfp smJx lwgy hn, ikAuNik ies pUMjI  df sroq Bfrq vlo kIqI ivdyÈI iswky dI kmfeI nhIN  hY, blik ivdyÈI sMsQfvF koloN ilaf igaf krËf, ivdyÈI invyÈkF vloN swtf bfËfr ivc lgfieaf pYsf, iswDf ivdyÈI pUMjI invyÈ aqy gYr pRvfsI BfrqIaF vloN  BfrqI bYkF ivc rwiKaf hoieaf Dn hY. ienHF sfry sroqF ivcoN isrP iswDy ivdyÈI pUMjI invyÈ ƒ hI shI arQF ivc ivdyÈI iswky dy BMzfrF ivc rwiKaf jf skdf hY.

ivdyÈI iswky ƒ sMBfl ky rwKx leI BfrqI srkfr ies dy invyÈkF ƒ ZfeI PIsdI qoN lY ky swq PIsdI qwk ivafj idMdI hY, ijhVf ik kOmFqrI drF nfloN duwgxf iqwgxf bxdf hY. ies dy Ault Bfrq srkfr ny ies pYsy ƒ hornF dyÈF dy kyNdrI bYNkF ivc jmHF kIqf hoieaf hY ijQoN isrP do PIsdI ivafj imldf hY. hY nf kmfl dI gwl ik afp cfr PIsdI dI dr qy krËf lvo aqy bfkIaF ƒ do PIsdI dI dr nfl dyvo.

jdoN vI BfrqI arQcfry dI gulfbI qsvIr dI crcf huMdI hY qF ivdyÈI iswky dy BMzfrF ƒ BfrqI bËfr dI qrwkI vjoN pyÈ kIqf jFdf hY. pRDfn mMqrI qoN lY ky iksy ksby dy ttpUMjIey nyqf ƒ ies dI Èfvf Èfvf krdy suixaf jf skdf hY. asl ivc BfrqI arQcfrf ikMnf ku mËbUq hY ies df anumfn iesdI kuwl GrylU pYdfvfr dI ivkfs dr, ivdyÈI iswky dy BMzfrF jF swtf bfËfr ivc ivcrdI pUMjI qoN nhIN lwg skdf.

arQcfry dy hkIkI ivkfs dy isrP do hI pYmfny hn, KyqI pYdfvfr ivclf vfDf aqy snaqI Auqpfdn jF inrmfx sYktr df ivkfs . syvfvF dy Kyqr ivcly kuwJ coxvyN sYktr ijvyN ik bYikMg, sMcfr, trFsport, ishq aqy iswiKaf afid hI mhwqvpUrn BUimkf inBfAuFdy n.  syvfvF dy Kyqr dI mnuwK dy ivkfs ivc aihm BUimkf qF huMdI hY lyikn dyÈ dI smuwcI pdfrQk dOlq ivc ies df koeI Xogdfn nhIN huMdf. ies Kyqr ivclf kfrobfr qF kyvl dOlq dI hwQbdlI hI huMdf hY. ies krky kuwl GrylU pYdfvfr ivc KyqI aqy snaq hI buinafdI BUimkf inBfAuFdy n. ies vyly ieh dovyN sYktr Kfs krky KyqI pYdfvfr mrn mMjy `qy pey hoey hn.

dyÈ dy ivkfs ivc ivÈyÈ krky ivdyÈI mudrf hfsl krn leI kOmFqrI vpfr ivc hox vflf munfPf hI igxnXog PYktr huMdf hY, ies muhfË Aupr Bfrq dI hflq swcmuwc hI bhuq pqlI hY. Bfrq df kOmFqrI vpfr lgfqfr Gfty ivc hY. ipCly bfrF sflF dy Gfty df joV kIqf jfvy qF ieh 110 arb zflr qoN iËafdf bxdf hY. ikhf jfvy qF Bfrq ny ies morcy `qy ivdyÈI mudrf dy rUp ivc ieMnI rkm gvfeI hY. jdoN hr sfl krIb 1000 kroV zflr df vpfrk Gftf pYNdf hovy qF ivdyÈI iswky nfl qUVy gwilaF df dyÈ ƒ Pfiedf nhIN, sgoN ivafË dy rUp ivc nuksfn hI nuksfn hY.

ies leI Èyar bËfr ivc afAuFdy uCfl jF igrfvt aqy ivdyÈI iswky dI bhuqfq sfzI afriQkqf dI mËbUqI ƒ nhIN blik kjoVqf ƒ drsfAuFdy n. dyÈ df afriQk ivkfs aqy KuÈhflI swtf pUMjI nfl nhIN sgoN GrylU mMzI dy cOpfsV ivsQfr nfl hoxI hY. ieh cIË isrP svY inrBr aqy ivdyÈI luwt qoN mukq Bfrq dy ivkfs nfl hI sMBv hY.

pMjfb dy arQcfry AuWpr ivsLv bYNk df isLkMjf

-krm brst

          pMjfb dy lok bVy ‘KusLiksmq’ hn ik AunHF nUM ipCly pMdrF sflF qoN, idwlI dy aijhy sUbydfr iml rhy hn, ijnHF dy sLbd kosL ivwc ivkfs qoN ibnF hor koeI sLbd hI nhIN hY. iksfnF aqy mjLdUrF nUM qF Kfs krky svrg ivwc phMucfAux leI iswDIaF pOVIaF lgf idwqIaF jFdIaF hn. ivkfs df zOrU vwjdf rihMdf hY, BfvyN ik afm lokF dI hflq hor vI bdqr hox leI srfpI jFdI hY. bhuq sfry arQsLfsqrI vI ivkfs dI ies ckfcOND ivwc guafc jFdy hn. Auh dwsx lwg qur pYNdy hn ik suDfrF df aml jykr Dur ipMzF qwk phuMc jfvy, qF asIN kuJ dhfikaF aMdr hI ivsLv dI afriQk mhF sLkqI bxn leI vrosfey hovFgy.

          koeI sLwk nhIN hY ik ivsLv bYNk dy idsLf inrdysLF qihq sLurU kIqy gey ‘afriQk suDfrF’ dI vjHf krky dysL dI ivkfs dr ipCly iewk dhfky dI aOsq krIb 5 PIsdI dy mukfbly, hux suK nfl 9 PIsdI qoN AuWpr ho geI hY. lyikn arQsLfsqrI aqy srkfr ieh dwsxf Buwl jFdy hn, ik ivkfs ikhVy sYktr ivwc aqy ikhVy vrg df ho irhf hY. snaq KVoq df isLkfr hY aqy KyqI sYktr df PslI ihwsf mnPI ivkfs dr idKf irhf hY. KyqI dI ivkfs dr isrP shfiek DMidaF dy kfrn hI zyZ qoN do PIsdI dy ivckfr JUty lY rhI hY. jdoN arQcfry dy buinafdI sYktrF dI hflq ieh hovy, qF smJ lYxf cfhIdf hY ik ivkfs dy dfavy asloN hI PrybI aqy BulyKf pfAU hn. aMkiVaF dI jfdUgrI nfl ivkfs nUM syvf Kyqr ivwc idKfieaf jf irhf hY, ijs df vwzf ihwsf ivwqI syvfvF hn. ieh syvfvF, buinafdI KyqrF ivwc hoey muwl-vfDy dI vfr-vfr hwQ-bdlI qoN vwD kuJ vI nhIN huMdIaF. jykr dysL ivwc swcmuwc ivkfs ho irhf huMdf qF aKOqI afjLfdI dy 60 sflF bfad vI kyNdr srkfr nUM, afbfdI dy 50 PIsdI ihwsy nUM BuwKy mrn qoN bcfAux leI kOmI pyNzU rujLgfr grMtI vrgIaF skImF lfgU nf krnIaF pYNdIaF. pMjfb dI akflI-Bfjpf srkfr nUM afpxf 4+20 pRogrfm sLurU krn dI loV nf pYNdI.

          Bfrq dy iksy vI hor sUby vFg pMjfb dy hfkmF (AunHF dy JMzy df rMg BfvyN koeI vI hovy) vI lok-luBfAU vfady krn ivwc mfhr hn. cOQI vfrI muwK mMqrI bxy pRkfsL isMG bfdl ny ies pwKoN ivsLysL muhfrq hfsl kr rwKI hY. asl ivwc lokF nUM BrmfAux leI kIqy jFdy vfady do-DfrI qlvfrF vFg kft krdy hn. iewk pfsy afm lokF nUM burkI dI cft `qy lf ky AunHF dI soc nUM KuMZf krdy hn. dUjy pfsy, ienHF lokF dy AunINdry df Pfiedf AuTf ky, ieho ijhIaF nIqIaF lfgU kIqIaF jFdIaF hn, ijhVIaF dysI aqy ivdysLI vwzI pUMjI nUM hor mflfmfl krdIaF hn. ies qoN ielfvf aKbfrF dIaF KLbrF nUM mUMh mfrn vfly jF tYlIivjLn dy snsnIKyjL cYnlF dy amlI hoey, cskybfjL mwD vrg rUh dI sLFqI leI ivroDI isafsI pfrtIaF dy afgUaF AuWpr JUTy-swcy kys pf ky, mfhOl nUM rMgIn bxf ky rwiKaf jFdf hY. ies qrHF jdoN afbfdI dI vwzI bhu-igxqI dI ‘afqmf’ iqRpq ho jFdI hY qF ivsLv bYNk, kOmFqrI mudrf kosL aqy ivsLv vpfr sMgTn vrgIaF ajfrydfr srmfeydfrI dIaF DIaF mMc Awupr pRvysL krdIaF hn.

          sfmrfjI luwt dI ieh iqwkVI 1945 ivwc afpxy jnm smyN qoN hI Bfrq ivwc kfrjsLIl hY, lyikn jUn 1991 qoN bfad ienHF df qFzv nfc, hryk bIqdy idn nfl hor vwD pRcMz ho irhf hY. ijLMdgI df koeI vI Kyqr nhIN bicaf, ijs ivwc ‘suDfrF’ dy mnmohk nF hyTF hryk cIjL nUM Ault-plt nf kr idwqf igaf hovy. arQcfry qoN lY ky siBafcfr qk, rotI Kfx qoN lY ky jMgl-pfxI jfx qwk, BfrqI lokF dI ijLMdgI ivwc suDfr hI suDfr idKfeI idMdy hn. pMjfb df arQcfrf vI ienHF ‘suDfrF’ dI mfr qoN bc nhIN skdf sI. kyNdr dI rIs nfl kFgrsI srkfr ny qF suDfr krny hI hoey, akflI srkfrF vI ipwCy nhIN rhIaF. hflFik jdoN ieh apojIsLn ivwc huMdy hn, AudoN ienHF dy ‘jYkfiraF’ dI gUMj invyklI sur vflI huMdI hY. lokF dy rONa nUM dyKidaF ieh vI ivsLv vpfr sMsQf vrgIaF eyjMsIaF df ivroD krn df KyKx krdy hn.

          sLRomxI akflI dl ny PrvrI 2007 dIaF coxF vyly afpxy cox mnorQ-pwqr ivwc drj kIqf sI ik, ‘‘ies gwl nUM XkInI bxfieaf jfvygf ik kyNdr srkfr vwloN ivsLv vpfr sMsQf dIaF iksfn ivroDI mwdF df ivroD jfrI rhy, qF ik ies mfrU asr iksfnI `qy nf pvy.’’ idlcsp gwl ieh hY ik zbilAU[ tI[ E[ dy ivroD dI gwl, mYnIPYsto dy isrP pMjfbI Bfg ivwc hI hY. aMgryjLI vfly Bfg ivwc ies df ijLkr hI nhIN hY. akflI dl dy nyqf hux ieMny sLfqr ho gey hn ik AunHF nUM pqf hY ik ikhVI BfsLf ivwc ikhVI gwl kihxI hY aqy ikhVI nhIN kihxI. zbilAU[ tI[ E[ dIaF nIqIaF qF arQcfry dy hryk sYktr nUM qbfh kr rhIaF hn, Pyr pMjfbI Bfg ivwc iekwlI iksfnI df ijLkr hI ikAuN? isafxy lokF nUM spwsLt hY, dwsx dI loV nhIN hY. akflIaF vwloN kdy kdfeIN sfmrfjI sMsQfvF df PrybI ivroD ‘isafpy dI nYx (zUMmxI) dy ivrlfp qoN vwD kuJ vI nhIN hY.

          kyNdr dI kFgrs dI agvfeI vflI ‘sFJy agFhvDU morcy’ dI srkfr vFg, pMjfb dI akflI-Bfjpf srkfr dI ns-ns ivwc vI, ivsLv bYNk aqy bhu-kOmI kMpnIaF dIaF nIqIaF smfeIaF hoeIaF hn. afpxI pihlI pfrI (1997-02) ivwc qF ienHF ny pMjfb dy ishq pRbMD nUM qihs-nihs krn dI sLurUafq hI ivsLv bYNk koloN ley 420 kroV rupey dy krjLy nfl kIqI sI. ies krky ies df 90 PIsdI ihwsf ‘suDfrF’ dy nF hyTF, iemfrqF nUM tfkIaF lfAux, gwzIaF KrIdx aqy ‘pMjfb hYlQ isstm kfrporysLn’ df afl-jMjfl KVf krn `qy Krc kr idwqf igaf sI. jnqk-inwjI BfeIvflI dy Pwty qihq kIqy suDfrF nfl pMjfb dy ishq pRbMD dI awj ijhVI hflq hY, iksy itwpxI dI muQfj nhIN.

          ivsLv bYNk dI aKOqI mdd, asl ivwc 1280 kroV rupey dy krjLy nfl hux pMjfb ivwc ‘pyNzU jl splfeI aqy sPfeI pRfjYkt’ sLurU kIqf igaf hY. lokF nUM kYNsr, hYjLf afid vrgIaF ibmfrIaF df BYa idKf ky ies pRfjYkt leI afpxI jyb iZwlI krn leI ikhf jf irhf hY. pRfjYkt pRBfvq ipMzF koloN hI 358 kroV rupey vsUly jfxy hn. Pyr ieh pRfjYkt inwjI TykydfrF dy spurd ho jfxgy aqy jnqf nUM vrqoN lgfn (XUjLr cfrjjL) dyxf pvygf. ieh nvIN iksm df ‘jLjLIaf’ pRfjYkt dI kul kImq df 10 PIsdI hovygf. ivsLv bYNk dy afpxy lPjLF ivwc, ies pRfjYkt df mMqv pyNzU Kyqr jl splfeI aqy svwCqf dI ivvsQf ivwc ‘suDfr’ krny hn. ieh gwl hux iksy koloN vI lukI nhIN rhI ik ivsLv bYNk dy sLbd kosL ivwc suDfrF dy ky arQ huMdy hn. bfdl srkfr ivsLv bYNk dy ies krjLy bdly ‘sLukrfny’ kr rhI hY.

          iksfnF dI rfKI krn vflI srkfr ivsLv bYNk dy 410 kroV rupey dy iek hor krjLy nfl ‘bhu-pVHfvI KyqI mukfbly df pRfjYkt’ sLurU kr rhI hY. ivsLv bYNk df kihxf hY ik ‘ieh pRfjYkt KyqI AuqpfdkF nUM Augfsf dyvygf aqy pYdfvfr nUM hor mMzI-muKI bxfvygf.’ KyqI pYdfvfr nUM mMzI-muKI bxfAux qoN ivsLv bYNk dI murfd kI ho skdI hY? iehI ik hux Bfrq nUM anfjI PslF dI loV nhIN rhI. bhuq pYdf kr ilaf hY anfj. hux bhu-kOmI kMpnIaF dIaF loVF muqfbk vpfrk PslF dI pYdfvfr kro. dyKx vflI gwl ieh hY ik ijs pRfjYkt nUM lfgU krn leI srkfr pwbF Bfr hoeI iPrdI hY, kI Auh dysL dy ihwq ivwc vI hY jF nhIN? dysL ivwc qF pihlF hI aMnH sMkt Cfieaf hoieaf hY. pUry cflI sflF mgroN kxk bfhroN mMgvfAuxI pY rhI hY. asl ivwc ieh pRfjYkt iksfnI dI nvIN gulfmI df hI soiDaf hoieaf dsqfvyjL hY. iewk hor nvyN hry ienklfb dy nfary qihq iksfnF nUM nvIN iksm dy bIj, msLInrI aqy jLihrF dy PMdy ivwc Psf ky, incoVn df bfnHxUM bMinHaf jf irhf hY.

          pMjfb dy afm lokF koloN qurn iPrn df hwk Kohx leI aqy srkfrI trFsport df nVoaf iqafr krn leI, ivsLv bYNk dy iewk hor 1680 kroV dy krjLy nfl ‘sVk Xojnf’ jnqf dI AuzIk kr rhI hY. ijvyN ijvyN ieh skIm pUrI huMdI jfvygI ‘tol tYks’ lfgU hMudy jfxgy. tol tYks ivsLv bYNk dy pRfjYkt df ieh pihlU hY. dUjf ies qoN vI vwD KLqrnfk hY. pMjfb dI nvIN trFsport nIqI dy lfgU ho jfx nfl srkfrI trFsport aqy Coty drjy dy trFsport qF AuWkf hI hUMJy jfxgy. hfkm pirvfr ny mflvf pwtI dI inwjI trFsport AuWpr qF lgpg kbjLf kr hI ilaf hY. jykr iehI rPqfr rhI qF koeI ‘hiraf bUt’ hI rhygf.

          ivroDI iDr ivwc huMidaF akflI hfkmF ny sfbkf srkfr dy mYgf pRfjYkt dI nukqfcInI krn df iewk vI mOkf nhIN KuMJfieaf. ienHF pRfjYktF df ivroD krnf bxdf vI sI. lyikn srkfr ivwc vfps afAuNidaF hI nvyN hfkmF leI AuhI mYgf pRfjYkt ‘vfdI’ dI bjfey ‘muafPk’ bx gey hn. vwzy mgrmwCF leI jLmIn dI dohrI vrqoN dIaF sLrqF hor vI nrm kr idwqIaF hn. vwzy DnfZ iksfn nUM muPq ibjlI dI shUlq jfrI rwKx leI iewk pfsy ‘kftvIN irafieq’ dI nIqI qihq afm lokF leI ibjlI mihMgI kr idwqI geI hY, dUjy pfsy ivsLv bYNk dIaF hdfieqF `qy 2003 kMpnIaF ivwc BMg krky, hPqf hPqf inwjIkrn krn df pYNqVf mwl ilaf hY. ibjlI borz df awDy qoN vwD kMm qF pihlF hI pRfeIvyt TykydfrF nUM sONipaf jf cuwikaf hY.

          akflI-Bfjpf hfkm iksy pwKoN vI kyNdrI jF pMjfb dy sfbkf kFgrsI hfkmF nfloN vwKry nhIN hn. ienHF df isrP krUrf hI nhIN imldf, sgoN goq-knfly vI sFJy hn. ieh pMjfb dy arQcfry nUM sMsfr sfmrfjI Dury nfl nUVn dI hr sMBv koisLsL krngy, BfvyN afm lokF nfl vYr hI ikAuN nf shyVnf pvy. ieh hkIkq vfr-vfr sfbq ho cuwkI hY ik ivksq sfmrfjI mulkF ny hmysLf hI qIjI dunIaF dy dysLF dy arQcfiraF nUM qbfh kIqf hY. ivsLv bYNk vrgIaF sMsQfvF AunHF dy prKy hoey sMd hn. jnqf dy jLbrdsq ivroD nfl hI ienHF sMsQfvF dy isLkMjy nUM qoiVaf jf skdf hY.

prdyNsI vsdy pMjfbIaF dy afriQk aqy siBafcfrk duKFq
-krm brst

prdyNsI vsidaF dy duwKF ivc vfiDaF dIaF GtnfvF idno idn vwDdIaF hI jf rhIaF hn. bfhr jfx leI JUTy ivafhF dIaF gwlF qF hux lwgdf hY, ik pMjfbI BfeIcfry ny pRvfn kr leIaF hn. niÈaF df vpfr aqy gYNgvfr bIqy dy vrqfry bx cuwky hn. mfx ieËq leI DIaF dy kIqy krvfey jFdy kql vI ‘‘pRvfnXog`` dfiery ivc af gey hn. iek pfiksqfnI pMjfbI BfeI vwloN, isrP ihjfb nf pihnx kfrn, afpxI jvfn DI df kql kr dyxf koeI vwzI Kbr nhNI bxdI. ieÈk ivc aMnHI iek pMjfbx muitafr ny afpxI kiQq ‘‘ÈONkx``, ijhVI grBvqI sI, df iGnfAuxf kql krky, cONdf sfl dI sËf pf leI hY. nvIN Kbr afeI hY, ik pMjfbI ipafiraF ny grB ivc DIaF dy kql krn df jugfV krnf vI ÈurU kr idwqf hY.

sfƒ afpxy siBafcfr Aupr bVf mfx hY. afpxI sMsikRqI Aupr PÉr krnf mfVI gwl nhIN, lyikn jykr iksy BfeIcfry dy sMskfr vkq nfloN ipwCy rih jfx, qF Auh mfx krnXog nhIN, blik TwTy df sbwb bx jFdy huMdy hn. sfzy nfl vI iehI kuwJ vfpr irhf hY. asIN hr iksy vwl nwk mUMh vwtdy hF. ibgfnI DrqI `qy jfky zflr, pONz jF XUro qF Bfldy hF, lyikn AuQoN dy aOrqF ƒ brfbr dy aiDkfr dyx vfly agFhvDU siBafcfr ƒ apnfAux leI iqafr nhIN hF.

iesy sfl, jdoN pUrI dunIaF aMdr ‘kOmFqrI aOrq idvs mnfAux dIaF iqafrIaF cwl rhIaF sn qF Ausy idn dI svyr ƒ kYnyzf dy sUby ibRitÈ kolMbIaf ivc kMm `qy jf rhIaF iqMn pMjfbI aOrqF dI iBafnk sVk hfdsy ivc mOq ho geI aqy qyrF gMBIr rUp ivc ËÉmI ho geIaF sn. ieh Bfxf Aus dyÈ ivc vfpiraf jo sfzy nfloN keI guxF ivksq hI nhIN, sgoN aOrqF dy aiDkfrF pRqI vI sucyq hY. ies durGtnf dy kfrnF dI jFc huMdI rhygI aqy qbsry vI huMdy rihxgy, lyikn iek gwl ËrUr hI socx vflI rhygI ik pUMjIvfdI pRbMD aMdr munfÌy dI ihrs dI koeI sImf ikAuN nhIN rihMdI? ikrqI aOrqF dy kMm dIaF hflqF aqy surwiKaf dy imafrF nfl ikAuN iKlvfV hox idwqf jFdf hY?

hfdsy ivc mfrIaF geIaF aqy ËKmI hoeIaF bhuqIaF aOrqF pMjfb dy jwt pirvfrF nfl sbMDq sn/hn. ies mfVI Gtnf ny ivdyÈI vsdy pMjfbIaF dy keI rfË nÈr kIqy hn. ieDr ipMzF aMdr ‘srdfrIaF` mfxdy jwt iksfn aqy AunHF dIaF irÈqydfr aOrqF, kYnyzf dy KyqF aMdr Kyq mËdUrI krn ivc koeI Èrm jF iJjk mihsUs nhIN krdy, jdoN ik Kud afpxy KyqF ivcoN pÈUaF leI cfry dI BrI vI nhIN vwZ skdy. kYnyzf ivc jf ky Gfh Koqxf koeI imhxy vflI gwl nhIN ikAuNik ikrq ƒ ‘bRfhmxvfdI drÈn` qoN ibnF ikqy vI Cuitafieaf nhIN igaf. pMjfb dI jwt iksfnI dI rUhfnI agvfeI krn vflI gurbfxI ivc qF ikrq ƒ srboqm drjf hfsl hY. iPr Auh ikhVy aijhy siBafcfrk kfrn hn ijnHF ny jwt iksfnI ƒ afpxy hI KyqF ivc kMm krn qoN vrj idwqf hY, dI puxCfx krn dI loV hY.

pMjfb dI mÈhUr bolI,‘Bwqf lY ky Kyq ƒ cwlI, jwtI pMdrF murwibaF vflI` ies vyly hkIkq ivcoN alop ho cuwkI hY. pMdrF murwby qF dUr, pMdrF ibwiGaf vflI jwtI vI Kyq ivc kMm krn ƒ nÌrq krn lwgI hY. jwt iksfnI dy awDpVy muMzy vI pVHfeI dI afV hyTF vfhodfhI afstrylIaf vwl ƒ Bwjy jf rhy hn aqy afstrylIaf vrgy dyÈF dIaF aKOqI ividak sMsQfvF mxF mUMhI Dn btor rhIaF hn. kiQq AucyrI ividaf gRihx krn qoN bfad ienH pMjfbI gwBrUaF dy hÈr bfry iksy ƒ BulyKy dI loV nhIN hY. Auh ibgfnI ËmIn Aupr Kyq mËdUr bxn leI srfpy jfxgy. mslf ibgfny KyqF ivc kMm krn df nhIN hY, sgoN afpxy hI KyqF ivc kMm nf krn df hY.

ivksq iKwiqaF vwl ƒ prvfs krnf mnuwK dI jmFdrU pRivrqI rhI hY. jdoN qoN mnuwK df afpxy pUrvjF (bFdr, gorIlf, icpFjI afid) nfloN isÌqI vKryvF hoieaf sI AudoN qoN hI Auh vDIaf ruËgfr dI qlfÈ ivc QF bdlI krdf afieaf hY. Bfrq df ieiqhfs qF ivsyÈ krky iek qrHF afrIaf jfqI qoN lY ky brqfnvI bsqIvfd qwk anykF nslI mnuwKI smUhF vloN ies DrqI `qy vs jfx df ieiqhfs hY. ievyN hI amrIkf, afstrylIaf, kYnyzf aqy inAUËIlYNz vrgy mulkF ƒ qF ivksq hI brqfnIaF ivcoN prvfs krky gey ‘goiraF` ny kIqf hY. ies leI iek QF qoN dUjI QF `qy prvfs kr jfxf imhxy vflI gwl nhIN hY. nvIaF DrqIaF lwBx aqy nvyN rfh qlfÈ krn dI locf ny hmyÈf hI mnuwKI prvfs ƒ hulfrf idwqf hY. gwl isrÌ hkIkqF ƒ pRvfn krn dI aqy iËMdgI bfry ivigafnk nËrIaf apxfAux dI hY. zflrF dI ckfcONd ivc gRsy pMjfbIaF ƒ smJ jfxf cfhIdf hY ik ivdyÈF ivc zflr JfVIaF ƒ nhIN lwgdy ik hlUxf dy ky bs byrF vFg iekwTy krny hI huMdy hn. aiswiKaq aqy Gwt pVHy pMjfbI mrdF aOrqF ƒ AuQy Auh hryk kMm krnf pYNdf hY ijs pRqI Auh ieDr nÌrq nfl dyKdy hn.

pMjfbIaF vloN bfhrly mulkF ivc jfx dy alwg-alwg smyN qy alwg-alwg kfrn ho skdy hn, pRMqU vIhvIN sdI dy muwZ qoN lY ky hux qwk df vwzf kfrn mfVI afriQk hflq rhI hY. hry ienklfb qoN bfad iek kfrn hor juV igaf hY ik pMjfb dy lok afpxf Aupr AuT cuwikaf jIvn pwDr brkrfr nhIN rwK pf rhy. KyqI dy mÈInIkrn ny isrÌ iksfnF ƒ hI nhIN, sgoN rvfieqI Kyq mËdUrF ƒ vI ivhly krky rwK idwqf hY. kMm dI Gft ny Kyq mËdUrF dIaF AujrqF jfm kr idwqIaF hn. purfxIaF AujrqF AunHF ƒ vfrf nhIN KFdIaF. ies leI AunHF dI QF ibhfr qoN afeI ssqI aqy mukfblqn dwbU ikrq ÈkqI ny lY leI hY. ies ssqI ikrq ÈkqI ny jwt iksfnI ƒ ivhly rihx dI cft hI nhIN lgfeI, sgoN Auh ikrq ƒ vI nÌrqXog sMklp vjoN lYx lwgy hn. pMjfb dI iksfnI dy ajoky afriQk inGfr leI, anykF hor kfrnF qoN ibnF, ikrq nfloN mohBMg ho jfx dI kuibrqI vjoN vI dyiKaf jfxf cfhIdf hY.

purfxy simaF ivc KyqI ƒ Auqm aqy cfkrI (nOkrI) ƒ niKwD smiJaf jFdf sI, ikAuNik cfkrI df mqlb hI bdyÈI hmlfvfrF (BfvyN Auh mugl hfkm sn jF brqfnvI bsqIvfdI) dI POj ivc BfVy dy twtU bxnf sI aqy bdyÈI ihwqF dI rfKI Éfqr afpxI blI dyxf sI. 1947 dI swqf bdlI qoN bfad, Kfs krky jnqk sYktr dI vwzy pwDr `qy AusfrI hox nfl lokF leI ruËgfr dy aQfh mOky pYdf hoey. iek pfsy hry ienklfb dy iswty vjoN afeI arMiBk KuÈhflI aqy dUsry pfsy srkfrI ruËgfr ny iksfnI dy DnfZ ihwsy ƒ qkVf afriQk hulfrf idwqf. jIvn pwDr AuWcf hox dy nfl nfl siBafcfrk igrfvt dy icMnH vI AuWBrny ÈurU hoey. iksfnI df qkVf ihwsf niÈaF dI igRÌq, PËUl KrcI, afpxy qoN vwizaF dI rIs krn dy cwkr ivc byloVI KyqI mÈInrI aqy afvfjfeI dy GrylU sfDnF dI KrId ivc vih quiraf. hry ienklfb dI sfmrfjI qknIk dy pIly pYNidaF hI, bhuiqaF dy hwQF ivcoN sB kuJ ikr igaf. rihMdI ksr ivhly rihxy dI ibrqI ny pUrI kr idwqI.

KyqI df mÈInIkrn hoxf aqy srmfeydfrI rfh `qy pY jfxf afpxy afp ivc mfVI gwl nhIN huMdI. lyikn afDuink KyqI aqy snaq ivc gihrf sbMD huMdf hY. ieh sbMD pMjfb ivc bxn nhIN idwqf igaf. ivhly smyN ƒ pYdfvfrk AusfrI dy kMmF ivc nhIN lgfieaf jf sikaf. KyqI ivcoN vfPr hoeI ikrq ÈkqI ƒ bdlvyN, itkfAU aqy snmfnXog ruËgfr ivc smoieaf nhIN igaf. pMjfb dI snaq vI smfl skyl ieMzstrI dy Ëumry ivc afAuNdI hY. Gwto-Gwt srkfrI AuËrqF aqy kMm dIaF imwQIaF hflqF dI axhoNd hY. Coty mflkfny vflI snaq ivc AujrqF dy Gwt hox smyq injI mflkfnf dfbf vI BfrU rihMdf hY. ikrq kfƒn vrgI ÈY qF AuWkf hI alop ho jFdI hY.

pMjfb df nOjvfn Kfs krky aKOqI AuWcIaF jfqF ivcoN afAuNdf qbkf aijhI snaq ivc kMm krn leI iqafr nhIN hY. hovy vI ikAuN, ikAuNik ieMnI ku idhfVI qF DnI iksfnI afpxy KyqF aqy GrF ivc kMm krdy prvfsI mËdUrF jF sQfnk mËdUrF ƒ dy idMdI hY. dUjf, sfzI ividak nIqI vI, bsqIvfdI hfkmF vloN iqafr kIqI nIqI Aupr hI KVHI hY, jo AunHF ny ‘kfly aMgryË` pYdf krn leI GVI sI. ieh ividak nIqI srIrk imhnq ƒ isrP nÌrq krnf hI isKfAuNdI hY. inrMqr qOr `qy aijhf icwt kwpVIaf vrg pYdf ho irhf hY, jo kyvl srkfrI nOkrI vrgy arfmpyÈf aqy ‘AuprlI kmfeI` nfl lbryË DMdy mgr dOV irhf hY. kyNdrI aqy sUbf srkfrF nvIaF afriQk nIqIaF dI aMnHI Duws ivc hfsl ruËgfr ƒ Kohx ivc lwgIaF hoeIaF hn. KyqI ivc ruËgfr bicaf nhIN, jy mfVf motf hY vI, qF icwt-kwpVI mfniskqf rfh ivc af KVHdI hY.

aFZIaF-guaFZIaF dy imhxy vI itkx nhIN idMdy ik jykr solF jmfqF pVHky vI KyqI hI krnI hY, qF Pyr ieMny sfl kfhdy leI ‘brbfd` kIqy. TIk hI hY, jdoN ividaf df mMqv hI ‘igafn` nhIN hY, qF skUlF kfljF aMdr ibqfey sfl ‘brbfdI` hI lwg skdy hn, hor kuJ nhIN. Coty pYmfny dI snaq ivcoN imldI idhfVI nfl do zMg dI rotI vI nhIN juVdI. hfsl ho cuwky jIvn pwDr ƒ kfiem rwKxf qF dUr dI gwl hY. Pyr pMjfb dy nOjvfn muMzy-kuVIaF krn qF kI krn? ienHF afriQk smfijk aqy siBafcfrk siQqIaF ivcoN pYdf huMdy svflF df vfjb jvfb lwBy ibnF Cutkfrf nhIN hoxf. afpxy Gr ivc zwkf nf qoVn vfilaF vloN goiraF dy KyqF ivcoN KuÈI KuÈI Gfh Koqxf, koeI huxy hI pYdf hoieaf siBafcfrk ivgfV nhIN hY. ies dIaF jVHF sdIaF purfxy jfqpfqI pRbMD ivc peIaF hn. ieh pRbMD mnuwK aMdr dMBI rucIaF df lgfqfr ivkfs krdf afieaf hY aqy krdf rhygf. jIvn bsr krn dy iksy vsIly ƒ afpxI DrqI `qy Èryafm nf kr skxf aqy ivdyÈ ivc jF luwk iCpky kr lYxf PrybI mfniskqf df hI pRgtfvf hY.

bdyÈI DrqI `qy mfry jf rhy pMjfbI mrdF aqy aOrqF dy byvkq ivCoVy df hryk pMjfbI ƒ mfqm mnfAuxf cfhIdf hY. iksy vI mnuwK ivÈyÈ krky ikrqI mnuwK dI aixafeI mOq, ÈoÈx AuWpr Ausry pRbMD awgy svflIaf inÈfn lgfAuNdI rhygI. bdyÈI srkfrF Aupr dbfa pfAuxf cfhIdf hY ik munfÌy dI ihrs ivc afpxy hI vqn vfsIaF df ÈoÈx krn vfly Tykydfr iksm dy Twg lokF aqy nslI jƒnIaF ƒ sËfvF imlx. ieh vkqI hwl hI hovygf. duKFq iesqoN ikqy vwzf hY. Auh hY pMjfbIaF vloN afpxy hI dyÈ ivc ikrq qoN inrmohy hox df aqy jfqpfqI dMB aDIn kuJ ikwiqaF ƒU nÌqr krn df. ies leI jykr pMjfbIaF ƒ ibgfny KyqF jF sVkF/tfpUaF ivc mrn qoN bcfAuxf hY qF ieQy hI bfiewËq ruËgfr dy mOky pYdf krny hoxgy. srIrk aqy mfnisk ikrq aMdrly pfVy ƒ mytx dy Xqn krny pYxgy. pMjfb aqy bfhr vsdy pMjfbIaF ƒ iek nvIN siBafcfrk kRFqI dI loV hY, qd hI bdyÈF ƒ Bwjx dI rucI ƒ Twilaf jf skdf hY aqy ieQy hI ikrq pRqI snyh pYdf kIqf jf skdf hY.

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pMjfb dy mYgf prfjYkt –snaqIkrn jF iksfnI nfl iKlvfV?

-krm brst

ieh gwl inrivvfd hY ik snaqI ivkfs ibnf Bfrq dI aglyrI qrwkI sMBv nhIN hY. lyikn snaqI ivkfs vI KyqI pYdfvfr dIaF loVF nfÜ aqy lok pwKI smfijk ivkfs nfÜ juiVaf hoxf cfhIdf hY. swqrivaF ivc Dfgf kqfeI imwlF aqy Pyr awsIivaF ivc KMz imwlF dI sQfpnf nfÜ KyqI ijxsF dI pRfsYisMg dy nfÜ-nfÜ ÊYr-hunrmMd ikrq ÈkqI ƒ ruËgfr pRdfn kIqf igaf. kpUrQly dI ryl zwbf PYktrI aqy pitafly df zI[sI[zblXU[ vI ruËgfr dy mfmly ivc vDIaf imsflF hn. Gwt AupjfAU ËmInF ivc ruËgfr aDfrq snaqF dI sQfpnf leI iksy ƒ vI ieqrfË nhIN hY. lyikn pMjfb dIaF hr vMngI dIaF srkfrF ny KyqI aDfrq snaqF ƒ pRPuwlq krn dI bjfey, iehnF df Bog pfAux leI, nvINaF afriQk nIqIaF aqy KuwlHI mMzI dI afV hyTF inwjIkrn df dOr ÈurU kr idwqf hY.

pMjfb dI sfbkf kFgrs srkfr ny qF ivÈv bYNk dIaF hdfieqF anusfr, Aus sB kfsy ƒ imtf dyx df bIVf cuwk ilaf sI, ijhVf ik jnqf dy tYksF nfÜ pbilk sYktr dy nfm AuWpr Ausfiraf igaf sI. bfdl srkfr ny ajy ies pfsy EnI Dus nhIN idKfeI qF ies ipwCy ies dIaF isafsI igxqIaF-imxqIaF hn. BfvyN pbilk sYktr nOkrÈfhI dI jkV ivc hox krky, iksy qrHF vI shI arQF ivc ‘pbilk` nhIN sI, Pyr vI ies ny lwKF lokF ƒ ruËgfr dy ky AuhnF dI KrId ÈkqI ivc vfDf krky, jnqf df jIvn pwDr iek hwd qwk AuWcf cuwkx dy nfÜ-nfÜ dyÈ dI GrogI mMzI Ausfrn ivc aihm Xogdfn pfieaf sI.

mYgf pRfjYktF bnfm ivÈyÈ afriQk Ëon kFgrs srkfr df nvF ÈoÈf hn, ijhVy ik ivkfs dy nF `qy iksfnF dIaF ËmInF ƒ kOzIaF dy Bfa KrIdky vwzy pUMjIpqIaF aqy BUmI mfPIey ƒ hor mflfmfl krn dI nIaq nfÜ ÈurU kIqy jf rhy hn. pUry dyÈ aMdr, pMjfb smyq hux qwk 321 mYgf pRfjYktF/ivÈyÈ afriQk ËonF ƒ mnËUrI idwqI jf cuwkI hY. prMqU awj dI hkIkq ieh hY ik kyNdr srkfr ny kuJ idn pihlF qwk isrÌ 63 ivÈyÈ afriQk ËonF bfry hI notIiPkyÈn jfrI kIqI sI pMjfb leI isrÌ iek hI (mohflI ivKy sUcnf qknfloËI leI) ivÈyÈ afriQk Ëon ƒ pRvfngI imÜI hY. aMimRqsr df bhupRcfiraf mYgf pRfjYkt KtfeI ivc ipaf hoieaf hY. lyikn pMjfb dI sfbkf ÈfhI srkfr dy mYgf pRfjYktF dI igxqI bFdr dI pUC vFg vDdI hI rhI. ÈurU ivc ieh 65 sI, Pyr 95 ho geI aqy bfad ivc igxqI vDky 110 qwk phuMc geI. coxF dOrfn acfnk hI CVwpf mfrky 282  mYgf pRfjYktF qwk clI geI. kIhny ikMnI pUMjI lgfeI, koeI jfxkfrI nhIN.

ruËgfr dI Kfqr, roË hI puils koÜoN kuwt KFdy pVHy-ilKy gwBrU aqy muitafrF, QF-QF `qy KuMbF vFg AuWsry lybr cOkF ivc roËI-rotI dI qlfÈ krdy pyNzU qy ÈihrI grIb mËdUr aqy KudkuÈIaF krdy iksfnF ƒ hux qwk qF ruËgfr imiÜaf nhIN. hux qwk dy qwQ ieh hn ik pMjfb ivc iksy iek vI pRfjYkt ny kMm krnf ÈurU nhIN kIqf hY. iewkf duwkf QFvF `qy, BUmI mfPIey vwloN ËmInF KRIdx qoN isvfey (jy ies ƒ pUMjI-invyÈ vI mMn leIey) iksy vI pRfjYkt ivc dmVI vI nhIN lwgI, ruËgfr imlxf qF dUr dI gwl hY. kyNdr srkfr dy vxj mihkmy anusfr vI, pMjfb leI isrÌ do ivÈyÈ afriQk Ëon mnËUr hoey hn. iek cMzIgVH aqy dUjf muhflI leI. bfkIaF df qF kihxf hI kI hY? ajy mslf isrÌ mnËUrIaF qwk hI sImq hY kdoN ieh pRfjYkt pUry hoxgy aqy kdoN kMm krn lwgxgy, sfrf kuJ BivwK dy grB ivc ipaf hY.

sqMbr 2006 ivc nYnIqfl ivKy kFgrsI muwK mMqrIaF dy sMmyln ivc, sonIaf gFDI ƒ kihxf ipaf sI ik isMjfeI Xog vfhI vfÜIaF ËmInF AuWpr aijhy mYgf pRfjYktF lfAuxy Auicq nhIN hn. ivÈv bYNk dy cMzy hoey, pMjfb srkfr dy sfbkf ivÈyÈ afriQk ‘slfhkfr` srdfrf isMG jOhl hux vfr-vfr cyqfvnI dyx lwgy hn ik muwK ÈihrF dy nyVy aqy do PslI vfhIXog ËmInF AuWpr ivÈyÈ afriQk ËonF dI kfiemI nfÜ dyÈ ivc Kurfk sMkt dy nfÜ-nfÜ hI, KyqrI asmfnqfvF pYdf ho jfxgIaF. rfjIv gFDI dI srkfr ivc ivwq mMqrI rhy aqy ‘‘KuwlHI mMzI`` dy pihly pRcfrkF ivcoN iek sfbkf pRDfn mMqrI vI[pI[isMG qF iewQoN qwk kihx qwk cly gey hn ik ies nIqI nfÜ ‘‘ivafpk smfijk bycYnI PYl skdI hY, ijhVI ik hiQafrbMd sMGrÈ df rUp lY skdI hY.`` mOjUdf kyNdrI srkfr dy aMdrly sihXogIaF (rfÈtrI jnqf dl) aqy bfhrly sihXogIaF (sI[pI[aYWm[) ny qF mYgf pRfjYktF ƒ inrf ‘‘ËmInI Gplf`` dwsdy hoey, ies nIqI ƒ hI rwd krn dI mMg rwK idwqI hY, BfvyN ik Auh afp iehnF Éfqr isMgUr aqy nMdIgRfm ijhy kfry krn ivc Borf Br Èrm vI mihsUs nhIN krdy.

hor qF hor AuWGy snaqkfr rfhul bjfj aqy nYskOm dy muKI ikrn kfrink ies nIqI dy nFh-pwKI pihlUaF ƒ sfhmxy ilaf cuwky hn. rfhul bjfj ny (BfvyN hfkm jmfqF dy aMdrUnI ivroDF ivcoN hI shI) TIk hI ikhf hY ik pihlF hI kMm kr rhIaF snaqF aqy sUucnf qknfloËI dy pRfjYkt tYks CotF hiQafAux leI ivÈyÈ afriQk ËonF vwl ƒ pRvfs kr jfxgy. srkfr ƒ tYks df Gftf qF sihxf hI pvygf, nfÜ hI KyqrI asMquln hor ivgV jfxgy.

iewQy iek bwjr JUT vwl ieÈfrf krnf ËrUrI hY. kyNdrI srkfr muqfibk pUry dyÈ aMdr (smyq pMjfb dy) ivc, iehnF pRfjYktF aMdr iek lwK kroV df pUMjI invyÈ aqy pMj lwK lokF ƒ ruËgfr imlx dI ‘sMBfvnf` hY. BfvyN ik sMBfvnf aqy hkIkq ivc ËmIn asmfn df aMqr huMdf hY. mOjUdf akflI srkfr ny votF vtorn leI iehnF sfry mYgf pRfjYktF ƒ rwd krn dy vfady kIqy sn. lyikn akflI-Bfjpf hfkmF ny swqf ivc af ky nf isrÌ iehnF pRfjYktF ƒ jfrI rwiKaf hY, blik nfBf-BvfnIgVH dy ivckfr mfJI qy bINbV dI ËmIn aqy bxvflf (qlvMzI sfbo) ivKy 1200-1200 mYgfvft dy do supr Qrml plFt lgfAux leI, iksfnF koÜoN jbrI ËmInF hiQafAux leI, kfrvfeI ÈurU kr idwqI hY. mfJI dy pRfjYkt dy iKlfÌ qF iksfnI df jQybMdk sMGrÈ ÈurU vI ho cuwikaf hY. jy srkfr ny iksfnF ƒ jbr nfÜ dbfAux dI koiÈÈ kIqI qF ieh sMGrÈ lfËmI hI pRcMz rUp aÉiqafr krygf.

asl ivc mOjUdf srkfr dI Kslq vI kFgrsI hfkmF qoN vwKrI nhIN hY. ies qoN aihm gwl ieh hY ik ivÈv vpfr sMgTn dy inrdyÈF qihq clfey jf rhy mOjUdf afriQk inËfm ivc akflI-Bfjpf srkfr koÜ iehnF pRfjYktF ƒ jfrI rwKx qoN ibnf hor koeI rfh nhIN hY. mYgf pRfjYktF dy sbMD ivc ivroDfBfs dI gwl hY ik ijhVIaF kfrporyt kMpnIaF ‘KuwlHI mMzI` df guxgfx kr rhIaF hn, Auh pRfjYktF vfsqy ËmIn KuwlHI mMzI dy asUlF muqfbk KrIdx dI bjfey, srkfr ƒ dlfl vjoN vrq rhIaF hn. mhFrfÈtr, AuVIsf, XU[pI[ qy pwCmI bMgfl dIaF srkfrF KuÈI-KuÈI isrÌ dlfl dI BUimkf hI nhIN inBf rhIaF, sgoN AujfVy df ivroD krn vfÜy ËmIn mflkF dy puVy vI syk rhIaF hn. ËmInF df bËfrI muwl dyx dI bjfey, mnmrËI dI kImq qYa kIqI geI hY. Pyr BfvyN pUzf hovy jF pRfeIvyt klonI kwt, plftF ƒ gËF dy Bfa vyc rhy hn. ies qrHF iksfnF dI kImq `qy amIr snaqkfr kMpnIaF aqy iblzrF ƒ aQfh munfÌy XkInI bxfey jf rhy hn.

pMjfb aqy dyÈ dy ijhnF mYgf pRfjYktF dI gwl kIqI geI hY AuhnF ivcoN 61 PI sdI sUcnf qknIk aqy mnorMjn pfrkF nfÜ sbMDq hn ijhnF ƒ dubeI aDfrq aYmr aYWm[jI[aYWP[, aYWl[zI[aYWP[, EmYks vrgIaF bhu-kOmI kMpnIaF vwloN nypry cfiVHaf jfxf hY. sUcnf qknfloËI dy pRfjYktF sbMDI pihlI gwl qF ruËgfr dy mOky pYdf aqy pRdfn krn dI khfxI ƒ GoKxf bxdf hY. hux qwk pUry dyÈ aMdr hI snaqI DMidaF ivc lwgy 7 kroV mËdUr-mulfËmF ivcoN isrÌ iek lwK cflI hËfr ivakqI hI ies Kyqr ivc lwgy hoey hn, arQfq AuhnF dI PIsdI isrÌ 0[2 hI bxdI hY. jykr mnorMjn pfrkF dI gwl kIqI jfvy qF aYsl vrlz, PnistI, hfrzIË vrlz afid vrgy mnorMjn pfrkF ivcoN hryk aMdr lwgy mulfËmF dI sMiKaf sYNkiVaF ivc igxI jFdI hY. ijhnF ƒ imwQI hoeI Gwto-Gwt  AuËrq vI nhIN imÜdI. ies qrHF mkfn AusfrI, sUcnf qknIk aqy mnorMjn pfrk ruËgfr pYdf krn dI bjfey AuhnF hËfrF hI iksfn pirvfrF leI AujfVy df sbwb bxdy hn ijhnF dIaF ËmInF ssqy Bfa KrId ky aijhy mltIplYkss aqy pfrk bxfey jFdy hn.

svfl ieh nhIN ik aijhIaF afDuink shUlqF aqy qknIkF df ivkfs hoxf cfhIdf hY jF nhIN. svfl ieh hY ik ijhnF lokF ƒ AujfVky aijhy pfrk bxfey jFdy hn, kI AuhnF dI iËMdgI nfÜ iehnF df koeI vfsqf vI hY? AuhnF leI bdlvyN, bfiewËq ruËgfr df pRbMD ho irhf hY jF nhIN? BUmI mfPIey ny styt dy ÈihrIN vsdy nIqI GfiVaF dI imÜI-Bugq nfÜ vfhIXog ËmInF dy Bfa asmfnIN cVHf idwqy hn. bhuq sfry BoÜy aqy krËy dI mfr hyT afey iksfn ies ‘mfieaf jfl` ivc Ps ky afpxIaF Èihr nyVlIaF ËmInF vyc rhy hn jF BivK ivc vyc dyxgy. ËmInF vycky kmfey ies pYsy ƒ sFBx jF invyÈ krn dI nf qF AuhnF koÜ qknIkI muhfrq hY aqy nf hI mMzI dy Auqrfa-cVHfa dI soJI hY. gwl kI, kuJ sflF ivc hI ieh pYsf ÊYr-Auqpfdk kMmF ivc Krc ho jfvygf aqy iksfn pirvfr avfrfgrd rucIaF dy iÈkfr bx ky rih jfxgy. kuJ dhfky pihlF idwlI-mihrOlI sVk dy afÜy-duafÜy dy ipMzF aqy cMzIgVH nyVly iksfnF dI hoeI brbfdI sB dIaF awKF Kohlx leI iek tksflI imsfl hY.

kyNdrI aqy sUbf srkfrF ijhVy ivÈyÈ afriQk ËonF qy mYgf pRfjYktF rfhIN lwKF lokF ƒ ruËgfr dyx dIaF PVF mfr rhIaF hn, Auh ajy hnyry ivc Cwzy qIr hn. Kud Bfrq srkfr mMn cuwkI hY ik ipCly 15 sflF df afriQk ivkfs ‘ruËgfrhIx ivkfs` irhf hY. tftf, ibrlf, irlfieMs, ivpro afid arbFpqI kMpnIaF vwloN hux qwk hryk vwloN idwqy gey ruËgfr dI igxqI iek lwK dy aMkVy ƒ pfr nhIN kr skI. pbilk sYktr dIaF vwzIaF qyl kMpnIaF dI hflq vI ruËgfr dy mfmly ivc niKwD hI mMnI jFdI hY. ies df kfrn hY ik pUMjI-invyÈ bhuq hI AuWc qknIkI aqy pUMjI muKI snaqF ivc ho irhf hY. ieh snaqF nvF ruËgfr dyx dI bjfey, AuWc qknIk apxfky purfxf ruËgfr vI Koh rhIaF hn. iek aMdfËy muqfbk hr sfl iek lwK mËdUr/mulfËm ruËgfr qoN vFJy ho rhy hn.

hkIkq `c ieh pRfjYkt byruËgfr nOjvfnF nfÜ ikvyN Pryb kr skdy hn, biTMzy df qyl soDk kfrKfnf ies dI Aumdf imsfl hY. iksfnF koÜoN hfsl kIqI sYNkVy eykV ËmIn qF bykfr peI hI hY sgoN tYksF dy rUp ivc iekwTy kIqy kroVF rupeIaF ƒ ipCly ds sflF qoN zMp kIqf hoieaf hY. pbilk sYktr dy nF hyT, lokF koÜoN ssqy rytF `qy hiQafeI ËmIn ƒ huxy jhy hI lkÈmI imwql vrgy Dn-kubyr ƒ vyc idwqf igaf hY. pRkfÈ isMG bfdl qoN lY ky amirMdr qwk ies kfrKfny rfhIN pMdrF hËfr lokF ƒ iswDf ruËgfr dyx dy dfavy krdy rhy hn. jdoN ik hkIkq ivc krIb iek hËfr bMidaF ƒ hI ruËgfr imlxf hY, Auh vI kfrKfnf lwgx aqy cflU hox qoN bfad! qwQ qF ieh hY ik Bfrq dI sB qoN vwzI srkfrI qyl kMpnI, ieMzIan afiel, ijs koÜ swq irPfienrIaF, iqMn shfiek iekfeIaF, 8952 iklomItr qwk PYlIaF pfeIp lfeInF aqy 60,4180 lwK mItirk tn qyl soDx dI smrwQf hY aqy ijs df kfrobfr 1,83,204 kroV rupey ivc PYilaf hoieaf hY, ny isrÌ 3,0048 bMidaF ƒ hI ruËgfr idwqf hY. Kud ihMdosqfn pYtrolIam dy dyÈ aqy ivdyÈ aMdrly mulfËmF dI igxqI vI 1,0778 bxdI hY. jdoNik biTMzf df kfrKfnf ies kMpnI df iek mfmUlI ijhf ivsQfr hI hovygf. lkÈmI imwql vrgy Dn kubyrF dy dfKly nfÜ ieh ruËgfr igxqI hor vI Gt skdI hY.

ies ivc koeI rOÜf nhIN ik Bfrq, Éfs krky pMjfb vrgy ivksq sUibaF aMdr snaqIkrn dI byhwd loV hY. lyikn iewQy rOÜf ies gwl df hY ik srkfrF asl ivc snaqIkrn cfhuMdIaF hI nhIN. jy srkfrF ies pfsy vwl suihrd huMdIaF qF muMbeI aqy aihmdfbfd vrgy purfxy snaqI kyNdrF aMdr sYNkVy hI vwzIaF-vwzIaF kwpVf imwlF bMd ho ky BUmI mfPIey dI Byt nf cVHdIaF. idwlI aMdr lwKF hI GrylU snaqI iekfeIaF ƒ pRdUÈx dI afV hyTF bMd nf hoxf pYNdf. pMjfb aMdr drjnF hI KMz imwlF bMd kr idwqIaF geIaF hn. dUjy pfsy, pMjfb dy brnflf Èihr nyVy KMz imwl lgfAux leI jbrI ËmIn KohI geI hY.

snaqIkrn dI aqy iksfnI ƒ AujfVn dI ieh qrk ivhUxI nIqI, aKOqI ivkfs dy nF hyT rIal astyt (vpfrk/irhfieÈI jfiedfd dI KrIdo-ÌroKq) vpfr ƒ pRPuwlq krn vfÜI hY. ies df snaqI ivkfs aqy ruËgfr nfÜ dUr df vI vfsqf nhIN hY. iblkul aijhI hI nIqI aKOqI KwibaF vwloN pwCmI bMgfl ivc lfgU kIqI jf rhI hY. sYNkVy hI bMd peIaF ptsn imwlF ƒ muV surjIq krn dI bjfey jF bykfr peI hoeI iesy ËmIn ƒ nvyN pRfjYktF leI vrqx dI QF `qy iksfnF ƒ AujfV ky nvIN ËmIn hiQafeI jf rhI hY. ies leI kyNdrI qy hr iksm dIaF sUbfeI srkfrF iksy qrHF dy Tos snaqIkrn dI bjfey, vwzy pUMjIpqIaF ƒ KuÈ krn `c lwgIaF hoeIaF hn. asl ivc, sfzy dyÈ aMdr pihlF hI ijhVf snaqIkrn ho cuwikaf hY, Ausy ƒ hI suihrdqf nfÜ clfAux jF nvINaF ËrUrqF anusfr nvyN isry qoN muV-surjIq krn aqy ivAuNqx dI loV hY.

afpxI rotI-roËI dy vsIly dI rfKI krnf hryk iensfn df muwZ-kdImI aiDkfr hY. ies leI ËmIn dI rfKI krn vfsqy iksfnF dy sMGrÈ iksy vI qrHF ÊYr-vfjb nhIN khy jf skdy. dyÈ dI iksfn lihr ny kudrqI vsIilaF qy ËmInF dI rfKI dy ajMzy ƒ hwQ ivc lY ky cMgI ÈurUafq kIqI hY. lyikn ies iksfn lihr ƒ dyÈ pwDr `qy cwl rhIaF iksfn lihrF df aMg bxnf hovygf .

pMjfb dI KyqI sMkt dy kujoV vrqfry aqy axsulJy svfl

-krm brst

pMjfb rfj iksfn kimÈn vwloN pMjfb KyqI XUnIvrstI luiDafxf dy sihXog nfl, KyqI ivcoN bfhr ho cuwky pMjfb dy iksfnF dI hflq bfry sqMbr 2007 ivc pRkfÈq kIqI irport zUMGI pVqfl dI mMg krdI hY. ies irport ny afm jnqf ivÈyÈ krky iksfnI leI sMGrÈ krn vflIaF iDrF leI gMBIr aiDaYn krn dI loV ƒ AuBfrn dy nfl hI, ÈMikaF ƒ vI jnm idwqf hY. irport dI hF pwKI BUimkf dI gwl krnI hovy, qF ikhf jf skdf hY, ik iesny KyqI ivc ivksq ho rhy srmfeydfrfnf irÈiqaF dI hoNd ƒ iek vfr Pyr Aujfgr krky, AuhnF iksfn afgUaF ƒ afpxIaF mMgF aqy msilaF ƒ nvyN isry qoN GVx leI Auksfieaf hY, ijhVy awj vI pMjfb ƒ pUrv pUMjIvfdI arQivvsQf dy Ëumry ivc rwKky dyKdy hn.

pMjfb KyqIbfVI ivBfg aqy pMjfb dy vwK vwK aMkVfsfrF ivc idqy jFdy kfÈqkfrI joqF dy aMkVy iqwKI pVcoV dI mMg krdy hn. sMn 1981 ivc smuwcIaF kfÈqkfrI joqF dI sMiKaf 1027127 idwqI geI sI aqy 1991 ivc vwDky ieh 1116951 ho geI aqy 2001 ivc iekdm Gtky 997372 rih geI. 1981 aqy 1991 dy dhfky ivc pMjfb aMdr ikhVIaF ieho ijhIaF smfjk aqy afriQk qbdIlIaF vfprIaF sn, ik joqF dI igxqI ivc iekdm 89824 df vfDf ho igaf aqy ievyN hI 1991 aqy 2001 ivckfr ikhVf Bfxf vfpiraf, ijsny joqF ivc 119579 dI kmI lY aFdI? iehnF hI simaF ivc sImFq aqy CotIaF joqF dI igxqI pihly dhfky ivc 102819 vD geI aqy agly dhfky ivc 203679 Gwt geI. sImFq aqy CotIaF joqF dy afkfr ivc vfDy jF Gfty df ruJfx afm qOr `qy drimafnIaF aqy iksy hwd qwk DnI iksfnI dIaF joqF tuwtx jF AuhnF dy kyNdrIkrn nfl juiVaf huMdf hY. lyikn pihly dhfky ivc 10 eykV qoN Aupr vflIaF joqF ivc 14360 dI kmI idKfeI geI hY. Pyr agly dhfky ivc iekdm hI 44657 df vfDf ho jFdf hY. kI iesqoN ieh iswtf kwZ ilaf jfxf cfhIdf hY, ik 80ivaF dy dhfky ivc KyqI aMdrlf pUMjIvfd murJfAux lwg ipaf sI, ijs sdkf vwzIaF joqF tuwt tuwtky hyTlI iksfnI ivc iml rhIaF sn aqy 90ivaF ivc joqF dy kyNdrIkrn hox nfl, dubfrf cVHdI klf vwl ƒ Bwj quiraf sI?

ies GtnfkRm dy iek mhwqvpUrn pihlU vI iDafn ivc rwiKaf jfxf bxdf hY, ik pMjfb dI iksfnI mUl rUp ivc ËmIn mflk iksfnI hY. byËmInI iksfnI qF aKOqI hry ienklfb dy muwZly virHaF ivc hI DoqI geI sI. pMjfb dI KyqI afriQkqf ivc byËmInI iksfnI dI igxnXog BUimkf icrokxI Kqm ho geI hY. iehnF hI aMkiVaF muqfbk drimafnIaF aqy DnI iksfnI dy hyTly ihwsy dIaF joqF ivc koeI ivÈyÈ qbdIlI idKfeI nhIN idMdI. iesdy iblkul Ault DnfZ iksfnI ivc 7591 (2[82) PIsdI joqF dI kmI idKfeI geI hY, joik vwzf Pyrbdl nhIN kr skdI. kI Pyr ieh mMn ilaf jfvy ik sImFq aqy Coty iksfnF dy sMXukq pirvfrF ivc hI vwzI tuwtBwj hox nfl hI joqF dI igxqI ivc ieMnf ijafdf Ìrk af igaf sI? Aus dhfky df pMjfb df bfhrmuKI mhOl ies gwl dI pRoVqf nhIN krdf. pMjfb ivc cwlI hkUmqI aqy KfilsqfnI dihÈqgrdI dy snmuK sFJy pirvfrF dy ieMnI vwzI pwDr `qy iKMz Kwpr jfx dI bjfey, sgoN iekwiTaF rihx dy afsfr ikqy vwD blvfn sn. mMn leIey, jykr ieh vrqfrf vfpr vI igaf hovy, qd sfmrfj dI CqrCfieaf ivc ho rhy pUMjIvfdI ivkfs sdkf, ieh ruJfx bfad ivc ikqy vwD iqKyrf ho jfxf cfhIdf sI.

tuwtBwj dy aml dy hor qyË hox dI gwl, asIN ies aDfr Aupr kr rhy hF, ik pMjfb ivc mlkIaqI aqy kfÈqkfrI joqF dI igxqI ivc koeI bhuq vwzf aMqr nhIN ho skdf, nf hI hoxf cfhIdf hY, ikAuNik ieQoN dI iksfnI mUl rUp ivc ËmIn mflk iksfnI hY. ËmIn dI mflkI vI mUl rUp ivc ‘‘svrn`` khfAuNdIaF jfqF dy hwQF ivc kyNdrq hY. ËmIn isrÌ guËfry df sfDn hI nhIN hY, sgoN ieh smfjk ruqby ƒ vI inrDfrq krdI hY. vYsy qF sfry dyÈF dy iksfn hI lwgdI vfh ËmIn nfl icMbVy rihx dI ‘‘bImfrI`` df iÈkfr huMdy hn, prMqU Bfrq vrgy jfqpfqI smfj ivc ieh bImfrI mVHIaF ivc puwjky vI KihVf nhIN CwzdI. jfqpfqI smfj ivc, jdoN asIN 1991 aqy 2001 dy ivckfr sImFq aqy CotIaF joqF dI igxqI ivc 203679 dI igrfvt dyKdy hF, qF ieh hkIkqF nfl myl KFdI nhIN jfpdI. ivÈyÈ krky AudoN jdoN pMjfbI smfj dy bfhrmuKI GtnfivkfsF ivc koeI igxnXog qbdIlIaF vfprdIaF idKfeI nhIN idMdIaF, ijhVIaF joqF dI sMiKaf Gtx dI pRoVqf krdIaF hox, ijvyN ik vwzI pwDr `qy bdlvyN bfiewËq ruËgfr dy mOikaF dI hfslqf, lokF dI soc ivc ivigafnk qbdIlI, KyqI sYktr dI amoVrihq iBafnk qbfhI afid. iek vfr Pyr idlcsp gwl AuhI hY, ik DnI aqy pUMjIvfdI BUmIpqIaF dIaF joqF ivc Kfs bdlfE nhIN afAuNdf, ijhVf do lwK joqF ƒ afpxy ivc Kpf jfx dI gvfhI Br irhf hovy.

asIN afpxy qOr `qy iksfnI smfj ivc ho rhI AuQl puQl ƒ smJx leI afpxy qOr `qy ajy ipCy ijhy hI mflvy, duafby aqy mfJy dy anykF ipMzF df srvyKx kIqf hY. pUrI sMjIdgI aqy qndyhI nfl kIqI mÊj-KpfeI mgroN vI, asIN ies iswty `qy phuMcy sI, ik ipMzF dy iksfnF aqy mËdUrF dI shI shI hflq df anumfn nhIN lgfieaf skdf. idlcsp gwl ieh sI, ik ieh ipMz Auh sn, ijhnF ivc asIN jMmy ply hF, jF dhfikaF qoN AuhnF hI ipMzF dIaF iksfn jF mËdUr jQybMdIaF nfl sMprk ivc hF. ies Gft dy anykF kfrx ho skdy hn, lyikn sBqoN vwzf kfrx ieh smiJaf igaf, ik bOxy pUMjIvfd dI bdOlq pyNzU lok vI kfÌI cqur clfk ho gey hn. bhuqy bMdy krËfeI hox dy bfvjUd krËy qoN surKrU hox df dfavf krdy hn aqy keI krËf nf hox jF QoVf hox sdkf vI krËy dI rkm ƒ vDf cVHfky dwsdy hn. afmdn dwsx vyly qF Auh Aukf hI kMjUsI vrqdy hn aqy Krcy ignfAux vyly Aus dIaF pMzF bMnH idMdy hn. ieh rfm khfxI pfAux df mqlb, kdficq vI ieh nhIN hY ik asIN ny Koj kfrjF dy kMm dI Qfh pf leI hY. qd vI sfzy sImq srvyKx ivcoN vI ieh gwl AuBrky sfhmxy afeI, ik KyqI ivc pUMjIvfdI irÈiqaF dy pRPuwlq hox dy bfvjUd vI, iksfnI dIaF aiq CotIaF prqF dy ËmIn nfloN ivXogy jfx df aml iek qF byhwd DImf hY; aqy lukvIN ËmIn dKlI bfry Tos aMkVy hfsl krnf iek vwzI smwisaf bxI hoeI hY. 

ies leI asIN ieh gwl pUrI qswlI nfl kihxf cfhuMdy hF ik srkfrI aMkVy aqy XUnIvrstIaF dIaF Koj irportF kqweI swc ƒ pRgt nhIN krdIaF. prMqU iehnF ƒ pUrI qrF JUTIaF kihxf vI TIk nhIN hovygf. TIk TIk kihxf hovy, qF sfzy dyÈ dIaF srkfrI irportF aqy aMkVy iksy smfjk afrQk ivkfs dI mukMmlqf ƒ nhIN, kyvl AUsdy ivkfs dI  idÈf vwl hI ieÈfrf krdy hn. iesdf kfrx Èfied ieh hY, ik sfrI ‘‘Koj`` pihlF rotI XfnI nOkrI aqy Pyr qrwkIaF jF vizafeI duafly GuMmdI hY. bhuqy ivdvfn rfh drsfvy (gfeIz) huMdy hn, ijhnF duafly AucIaF izgrIaF dy aiBlfÈI ‘cyly` GuMmdy rihMdy hn aqy ieh cyly aMkVy iekwTy nhIN krdy, sgoN bVI ÈqfbI nfl ‘‘iqafr`` krdy hn. ieho ijhf kMm hI srkfrI ivBfgF dy qnÉfhdfr mulfËm krdy rihMdy hn. dyiKaf igaf hY, ik Bfrq vrgy qIjI dunIaF dy dyÈF sfmrfjI sMsQfvF aqy srkfrI Dn dI mdd nfl lwKF hI gYr srkfrI jQyrMdIaF (aYn[ jI[ EË) aqy axigxq ‘‘afriQk hmlfvr`` (ieknfimk ihwtmYn) kfrjÈIl hn. aijhI ‘‘Koj`` df bhuqf kMm srkfrF vwloN mnËUrÈudf pRfjYktF dy rUp ivc huMdf hY. PtfPt kMm inbyiVaf, pYsy zuwky jFdy hn, Pyr afh cwk myry BfeI. iek Koj hor iqafr ho jFdI hY. asl ivc sfƒ mihsUs hoieaf hY, ik ieh ‘‘KojI`` pihlF mnOq (hypothesis) GVdy hn aqy Pyr Auhdy afly duafly aMkiVaF df jfl ivCfAuNdy hn. huxy huxy pMjfbI XUnIvrstI pitaflf dy kwJ arQÈfÈqrIaF vwloN kIqy axpRkfÈq srvyKx ny qF KyqIbfVI ivBfg dy aMkiVaF dI BrosyXogqf ƒ cuxOqI vI dy idwqI hY, ijs nfl sfzy vwloN pRgtfey jf rhy ÈMikaF dI hI pRoVqf huMdI hY.

asIN ny XUnIvrstIaF dy anykF buwDIjIvIaF qoN, iehnF aMkiVaF df rhws jfxn dI BrpUr koiÈÈ kIqI hY, lyikn ajy qwk koeI vI pMjfb aMdrlIaF kfÈqkfrI joqF dy BrosyXog hox df dfavf nhIN kr sikaf. iesy krky hI anykF sMgTn, pMjfb ivc ivksq ho rhy pUMjIvfd dy cirwqr bfry svfl KVy krny hn. arQÈfÈqrIaF leI qF ieh sfbq krnf vI duwBr bixaf ipaf hY, ik (srkfrI aMkiVaF muqfbk) KyqI ivcoN ikrq ÈkqI dy lgfqfr aqy qyË inkfs dy bfvjUd vI 60-65 PIsdI pNyzU abfdI KyqI Aupr hI ikEN inrBr rih rhI hY? pyNzU mËdur jmfq df koeI mUMh mwQf ikAuN nhIN bx pf irhf? Auh ikhVy kfrx hn, ijhnF krky, pyNzU prolyqfrI dI iekjuwt jQybMdI vI nhIN bx pf rhI aqy AuhnF dI smUihk sOdybfËI dI smwrQf ikhVy kfrxF krky apfhj bxI hoeI hY. isrÌ ieMnf ielËfm lgfAux nfl gwl nhIN bxnI, ik iksy ny pyNzU mËdUrF ƒ sMgTq krn leI sMjIdgI nfl kMm nhIN kIqf.

lyikn ies irport ƒ iqafr krvfAux vfly KyqI ivcoN bfhr ho cuwky iksfnF leI nIqI cOKtf GVx vyly, Kud vI isDFqk AukfeIaF df iÈkfr bx gey hn. irport ivc AuhnF sfry lokF ƒ KyqI Cwzx vfly mMn ilaf igaf hY, ijhVy ik srkfrI jF arD srkfrI nOkrIaF, vpfr aqy ivdyÈF afid ivc cly gey hn. moty qOr `qy pMjfb ivc awT lwK dy krIb sUbfeI aqy kyNdrI syvfvF ivc lwgy mulfËm aqy pYnÈnr hn aqy iehnF ivcoN krIb 4[16 lwK ivakqI iswDy rUp ivc ajy vI ËmIn nfl juVy hoey hn. ieMnf vwzf ieh qbkf nf kyvl afpxy sky sbMDIaF koloN afpxy ihwsy dI ËmIn df lgfn vsUl krdf hY sgoN KyqI sYktr ƒ  imlx vflIaF muÌq ibjlI afid vrgIaF irafieqF Aupr vI hwQ Pyr jFdf hY. iesdI mlfeIdfr prq qF ‘AuprlI` kmfeI ƒ KyqI sYktr ivcoN hoeI afmdn idKfky, kflf Dn vI iekwqr krdI hY. iehI vrqfrf bdyÈF ivc gey aqy vpfr ivc lwgy aKOqI iksfnF dy sbMD ivc vI vfprdf hY. KyqI df DMdf Cwzxf iehnF dI mËbUrI nhNIN, blik hornF dI kIqI ikrq kmfeI ƒ incoVx df bhuq vDIaf ËrIaf hY.

hry ienklfb dy cfr dhfikaF bfad vI, KyqI ivcoN bfhr hoey 10[9 PIsdI iksfnF ivcoN isrP 36 PIsdI hI ËmIn qoN pUrI qrF ivrvy hoey hn aqy iehnF ivcoN vI isrP 22 PIsdI mËdUrI krn lwgy hn. iesqoN Bfv hY ik pMjfb dIaF smuwcIaF mlkIaqI joqF ivcoN kyvl 6[55 PIsdI iksfn hI asl mfainaF ivc KyqI nfloN alwg hoey hn. KyqI aMdrly pUMjIvfdI ivkfs dI gqI byhwd DImI hY aqy iksfnI dI vrgvMz dy iqwKy aml dI axhoNd krky, GrogI mMzI dI qswlIbKÈ AusfrI nhIN ho pf rhI. dUjf, ËmIn awj vI svrn jfqIaF dy hwQF ivc kyNdrq hY, ijhVIaF smfijk dbfvF dy snmuK hr hIly ËmIn nfl icMbVy rihx leI bijwd hn. KyqI ivcoN ivhly hoey bMidaF df mËdUrI ivc nf jfxf iek pfsy smfj ivc PYlI jfqpfqI bxqr dy cIVHy hox vwl ieÈfrf krdf hY aqy dUjy pfsy tksflI mËdUr jmfq dy nf AuBr skx aqy smfijk qbdIlI dI lihr dy kmËor rihx df lKfiek hY. BfvyN ik irport ivc mËdUrI dI iksm bfry jfxkfrI nhIN idwqI geI, lyikn ieh qih hY, ik Auh Kyq mËdUrI vwl nhIN gey, ikAuNik irport muqfbk hI 1981-2001 dy smyN ivc Kyq mËdUrF dI igxqI hI 9[7 PIsdI Gwt cuwkI hY.

ieh swc hY ik pMjfb dI KyqI sMkt ivc PsI hoeI hY. lyikn Pfrmr kimÈn ny ies sMkt dy kfrxF Aupr AuNgl rwKx dI bcfey lIpfpocI krn aqy nvIaF afriQk nIqIaF dy anukUl, hfkmF ƒ rfs afAuNdy iswty kwZx ƒ qrËIh idwqI hY. pMjfb dI KyqI dy sMkt df mUl kfrx sfmrfj dI inrdyÈnf qihq lfgU kIqIaF aKOqI hry ienklfb dIaF nIqIaF rhIaF hn, ijhnF ƒ lfgU krn ivc ies ‘iksfn kimÈn` dy purfxy AusqfdF df vI coKf Xogdfn irhf hY. 1960ivaF qoN Porz PfAUNzyÈn aqy rOkPYlr PfAuNzyÈn vrgIaF sfmrfjvfdI eyjMsIaF dI iswDI dyKryK aDIn pMjfb dI afriQkqf ivc mhwqvpUrn qbdIlIaF ilaFdIaF geIaF. cuxvyN iKwiqaF ivc KyqIbfVI ƒ ivksq krn leI nvIN KyqI qknIk vrqxf, iehnF ielfikaF `coN vfDU Auupj KrIdxf, ÈihrF ƒ Bojn dyx leI Kurfk dy BMzfr iekwTy krny aqy ies qrF Kurfk sMkt ‘hwl krnf` vgYrf hI iehnF df muwK AudyÈ sI.

ies nfl do mMqv hwl hoxy sn-iesny sfmrfjvfd dI KyqI qknIk leI mMzI muhweIaf krnI sI aqy isr `qy ltkdy bgfvq aqy lokpwKI ienklfb dy Kqry ƒ pyqlf pfAuuxf sI. cuxy jfx vfly sB qoN vwD mhwqvpUrn ielfikaF ivcoN pMjfb iek sI. vwD Auuqpfdn dyx vfly bIj, rsfiexk KfdF, kIVymfr dvfeIaF, vwzI pwDr `qy krËf shUlqF dyky KyqI mÈInF KrIdx aqy Gto Gt shfiek kImq inÈcq krky srkfrI KrId vflI afkrÈk skIm lfgU kIqI geI. nqIjy vjoN afAuNdy kuuwJ sflF ivc qyËI nfl pMjfb dI KyqI afriQkqf dI kfieafklp hoeI. KyqI srmfeydfrI ivksq hoeI aqy 50ivaF ivc Kurfk bfhroN mMgvfAux vfly sUby qoN bdlky pMjfb 70ivaF ivc mulk aMdr Kurfk bfhr  Byjx vflf sB qoN  vwzf sUbf bx  igaf.

pMjfb Auuqy AuproN Qopy pUMjIvfd dI bdOlq, ijho ijhf ivkfs hoxf sI, Ausdy asrF ƒ sMKyp ivc hyT ilKy nukiqaF ivc smyitaf jf skdf hY:

A[ ivksq Auuqpfdn qknIkF ny QuVF mfrI byËmIn aqy CotI iksfnI ƒ KyqIbfVI qoN afËfd kr idwqf. Kfs krky pVHy ilKy nOjvfn vwzI igxqI ivc gYr ËreI ruËgfr dI Bfl ivc dyÈ bdyÈ ƒ inkl quury.  vpfr aqy srkfrI Kyqr ivc syvfvF df ivÈyÈ ivkfs hoieaf.

a[ pyNzUU ielfikaF ivc  shfeI ZFcf, vpfr aqy syvfvF dy ivkfs nfl Kyq mËdUrF ƒ ruËgfr dy kuwJ bdlvyN mOky iml gey jo gYr ËreI ikwiqaF vwl iKskx lwg pey. ieh vrqfrf pUrbI XUU[pI[ aqy ibhfr qoN afeI ssqI imhnq ÈkqI nfl hor iqwKf ho igaf. aijhy grIb iksfnF df iewk ihwsf jo afDuink KyqI dy Auuwcy Krcy Jwl nhIN sI skdf, Auusny afpxIaF ËmInF Tyky `qy dyxIaF aqy gYr ËreI ikwqy lwBxy ÈurU kr idwqy. ieh pwK pVfeI-ilKfeI dy qyËI nfl psfry duafrf hor vwD iqwKy ho gey. nqIjy vjoN, iksfnF ivcoN nOjuafnF dy vwzy ihwsy df KyqI nfloN moh BMg hoigaf aqy Auh pihlF nfloN ikqy vwzIaF afsF AuumMgF lYky gYr ËreI ikwqy lwBx vwl quur ipaf.

e[ pUMjIvfdI BUmIpqIaF dI jmfq dy nfl hI drimafny iksfnF ny vI ÈurU-ÈurU ivc nvIN qknflojI qoN bVy Pfiedy AuTfey. pr CyqI hI AuuhnF dy Pfiedy qyËI nfl vDx qoN ruk gey aqy mukfblqn KVoq df smF af igaf. jdoN bYkF aqy sUdKorF ny afpxy krËy muVvfAux leI dbfE pfAuuxf ÈurU kr idwqf qF drimafny aqy grIb iksfn afriQk sMkt ivc Ps gey. smfjk aqy afriQk dbfvF dI DMgyV nf JwlidaF, Auh KudkuÈIaF dy rfh pY qury.

s[ afDuink mÈInI KyqI krn vfly BoieM srdfrF aqy amIr iksfnF ivcoN KyqrI  ËreI burËUafjI AuuBr afeI. iehnF BoieM srmfeydfrF aqy amIr iksfnF ny hry ienklfb ivcoN sB qoN vwD Kwitaf. ies KyqrI burËuafjI ny afpxy vfDU munfiPaF ƒ snaq, vpfr, trFsport, nvIaF ËmInF KrIdx, KfdF qy kIVymfr dvfeIaF aqy spyar pfrtsF dIaF dukfnF Kohlx, afVHq aqy ivafjU pUMjI df kfrobfr krn afid ivc lfAuuxf ÈurU kr idwqf. iesqoN sfbq huMdf hY, ik KyqI ivcoN pYdf ho rhI vfDU kdr arQfq munfPf sMpUrn rUp ivc muV KyqI ivc nhIN lwg irhf. ieh swc hY, ik pMjfb sfmrfjIaF aqy dlfl srmfeydfrI dI bhuq vwzI mMzI bxI hoeI hY. ieh vI swc hY, ik Kwpqvfd vI dUjy rup ivc pUjIvfd dy ivkfs df hI Jlkfrf huMdf hY. lyikn Kwpqvfd afpxy afp ivc pUMjIvfd dy mukMml ivkfs df pYmfnf nhIN huMdf.

lyikn dlfl nOkrÈfh srmfeydfrF aqy kyNdrI swqf dIaF sfmrfjvfd pwKI nIqIaF sdkf ies KyqrI srmfey dI snaqI srmfey ivc kfieafpltI nf ho skI. iehI vjfh hY ik KyqI ivcoN ivhlI hoeI ikrq ÈkqI ƒ bdlvyN DMiDaF ivc smoieaf nhIN jf sikaf. pMjfb dI aiq Coty pYmfny dI snaq, AucIaF qFGF vfly nOjvfnF dy myc dI nhIN hY. vYsy vI smuwcy qOr `qy iksy arD jgIrU aqy arD bsqIvfdI smfj aMdrly iksy ivÈyÈ iKwqy df suqMqr ivkfs nhIN ho skdf. sfmrfjI aqy dlfl pUMjI dI loh jkV ivc gRisaf hox krky, ieh iek sImf qwk hI awgy vwD skdf hY. Pyr vI iesdf arQ kdficq vI ieh nhIN bxdf ik AuproN QopI pUMjI koeI buinafdI qbdIlIaF nhIN ilafAuNdI. pMjfb dy iksfnF dI BfrU bhuigxqI Coty pYmfny dI vfhI krdI hY, lyikn iesdf cirwqr pUrv srmfeydfrfnf nhIN hY.  aiq dy ivksq mulkF aMdr vI CotI iksfnI lMby smyN qwk ijAUNdI rihMdI hY. Ìrk isrP ieh pYNdf hY, ik CotI iksfnI afpxIaF aiq ËrUrI loVF Aupr kftI Pyrn lwg jFdI hY aqy afpxf jIvn pwDr hyTF suwt lYNdI hY. dUjy pfsy pirvfrk ikrq ÈkqI aqy kMm dy GMitaF ivc vfDf krky iksy nf iksy qrF ijAUNdy rihx dI koiÈÈ krdI hY. ivcfr aDIn irport ivc mËdUrI ivc lwgy ijhVy 63 PIsdI ‘‘iksfnF`` dI afmdn vwDx dI BulyKfpfAU gwl afeI hY, Auh byËmIny iksfn nhIN hn, sgoN AuhnF dI vDI hoeI afmdn df kfrx, AuhnF ƒ afpxI mflkI vflI ËmIn ivcoN iml irhf lgfn hY.

pMjfb df pUMjIvfdI ivkfs BfvyN ikMnf hI kujoV aqy byZbf hY, lyikn iesny pMjfb dy ËreI Kyqr ivc iqwKIaF qbdIlIaF ilaFdIaF hn. lyikn dyÈ dy hfkm pMjfb ƒ anfj df BVolf hI rwKxf cfhuMdy hn. iksfnI dI, kyNdrI smwisaf iesdy ruk cuwky ivkfs dI smwisaf hY. iesy krky pMjfb dI iksfnI sMkt df vfr vfr iÈkfr ho rhI hY.

iksfn kimÈn ny grIb aqy CotI iksfnI ƒ sMkt ivcoN kwZx leI, AuhnF ƒ svY ruËgfr vwl jfx df suJfa idwqf hY aqy srkfr ƒ ies kMm leI ssqIaF drF `qy tryinMg df pRbMD krn dI isÌfrÈ kIqI hY. aijhy suJfa hkIkqF nfl bymyl hI nhIN, sgoN ivkfs dy kujoV vrqfiraF dI inÈfndyhI krn qoN vI kMnI kqrfAuNdy hn. qwQ qF ieh hY ik ivÈv bYNk vrgIaF sfmrfjI sMsQfvF dI Èih `qy dyÈ ivc pihlF qoN hI cwl rhIaF nvIaF afriQk nIqIaF dy iswty vjoN, GrylU aqy Coty pYmfny dI snaq df GorVU vwj cuwikaf hY. snaqF dy AujfVy dy iswty vjoN, lwKF hI mËdUr dubfrf KyqI sYktr vwl muVx leI mËbUr hn. ies leI CotI iksfnI ƒ ËmIn `coN bydÉl krn dI bjfey, dlfl aqy ivwqI srmfey dI jkV ƒ qoVx dI gwl krnI cfhIdI hY.

iksfnI dy sMkt pRqI bfdl srkfr dI zMgsfrU phMuc

-krm brst

          pMjfb dI iksfnI koloN anykF vfady krky aqy lfry lf ky votF lY ky akflI-Bfjpf srkfr koeI vI Tos nIqI sfhmxy nhIN ilaf rhI, sgoN hryk msly `qy srvyKx krvf ky msilaF nUM lmkfAux dy rfh pY geI hY. jdoN iesy hI srkfr df PrvrI 2002 ivc Bog ipaf sI qF AudoN qwk pMjfb aMdr srkfrI qOr `qy 2116 iksfn KudkusLIaF kr cuwky sn. AudoN vI ies srkfr ny sMktgRsq iksfn pirvfrF dI ZfeI lwK rupey df muafvjLf dyx df aYlfn kIqf sI, jo ik aml ivc lfgU nhIN kIqf igaf. hux iesy hI gwTjoV dI srkfr ny pMjfb ivc KudkusLIaF kr cuwky iksfn pirvfrF df srvyKx krvfAux df PLYslf ilaf hY, jdik ies msly AuWpr koeI pwkI nIqI inrDfrq krky purfxy mfmilaF ivc POrI rfhq dyxI bxdI sI.

          dUjy pfsy kyNdr dI srkfr ny vI ies msly AuWpr iksfnF nfl mqryeI mF vflf slUk kIqf hY. dwKx dy cfr rfjF nUM qF rfhq pYkj dy idwqf igaf pRMqU iesy hI smwisaf nfl gRsq pMjfb nUM ieh kih ky Cwz idwqf igaf ik pMjfb srkfr vwloN ies sMbMDI koeI aMkVy nhIN idwqy gey. isqm dI gwl qF ieh hY ik KyqI aqy pyNzU ivkfs leI kOmI bYNk (nfbfrz) ny pMjfb nUM ies sfl qoN nvyN krjLy dyxy bMd kr idwqy hn, jdoNik pMjfb ivc KyqI krijLaF dI sfry sUibaF nfloN vwD vsUlI huMdI hY. siQqI dy ies nObq qwk phuMcx ivc srkfr dI iZwlmwT nUM hI ijLMmyvfr ikhf jf skdf hY.

          pMjfb dI KyqI df ivkfs aqy ies ivc afeI KVoq, ivdysLI sfmrfj dI Cqr Cfieaf hyT lfgU kIqIaF nIqIaF df atl nqIjf hY. swqf bdlI qoN bfad KyqI dy AuWnq iKwqy pfiksqfn ivc rih jfx nfl pMjfb dy aMn Auqpfdn ivc BfrI kmI af geI. ies siQqI ivcoN inklx leI dlfl BfrqI hfkmF nUM sLrmnfk sLrqF qihq, amrIkf nfl pI[ aYWl[ 480 vrgI sMDI krnI peI aqy anfj KrIdxf ipaf. pRMqU lMby smyN leI anfj dI brfmd vfsqy amrIkf `qy inrBr krnf Bfrq leI isafsI qOr `qy muafPk nhIN sI. dUjf sfmrfjI dysLF leI anfj brfmd krn dI bjfey ivwqI pUMjI, qknIk qy KyqI msLInrI, KfdF aqy kIVymfr dvfeIaF dI brfmd vDyry PfiedymMd sI. ienHF qknIkF leI AunHF nUM nvIaF mMzIaF dI qlfsL sI.

          ies nIqI ivwcoN hI Porz PfAUNzysLn iklOg aqy rfkPYlr PfAUNzysLn vrgy amrIkI adfiraF ny Bfrq ivc hry ienklfb dI qjvIjL pysL kIqI. hry ienklfb nfl aMn Auqpfdn ivc aQfh vfDf hoieaf. ies nfl pMjfb dI KyqI df aml sfDfrx ijxs pYdfvfr nf rih ky, ivsQfrI ijxs pYdfvfr ivc qbdIl ho igaf. lyikn ies df mfrU iswtf ieh inkilaf ik KyqI sYktr dIaF sfrIaF cUlF AuWpr sfmrfjI aqy dlfl ivwqI pUMjI dI jkV mjLbUq ho geI. dyiKaf jf skdf hY ik KyqI qknIk Bfv msLInrI, rsfiexk KfdF, bIjF aqy dvfeIaF AuWpr bhukOmI kfrporysLnF dI ajLfrydfrI hY.

          dysI aqy bdysLI pUMjI dy jVuwq hmly nfl, awsIivaF dy awD qwk iek pfsy aKOqI hry ienklfb df rMg bdrMg hoxf sLurU ho igaf aqy dUjy pfsy nwbyivaF dy afrMB qoN sfmrfjI mulk KwulHI mMzI dI afV hyTF qIjI dunIaf dy hfkmF dI bFh mroV ky iksfnF nUM idwqIaF jFdIaF ingUxIaF sbiszIaF nUM Kqm krn leI dbfa pfAux lwg pey. nvIaF afriQk nIqIaF df iek pUrf cOKtf pysL kr idwqf igaf, ijs nfl KyqI ijxsF leI shfiek kImqF insLicq krn aqy jnqk vMz pRxflI dI ivvsQf nUM Kqm krn dy mnsLy nfl hOlI-hOlI kmjLor kIqf jfx lwigaf. ies nfl pihlF hI sMkt dy mUMh afeI KyqI afriQkqf brbfdI vwl nUM qor idwqI. ies dy Ault aiq ivksq Kud bysLumfr irafieqF dy ky ‘KuwlHI mMzI’ df mjLfk AuzfAuNdy rhy. sbiszIaF dy muwdy Auprly dysLF dy afpsI ivroDF krky hI ivsLv vpfr sMgTn dy dohf gyV nUM awj qwk vI nypry nhIN cfiVHaf jf sikaf. afriQk sihXog aqy ivkfs sMgTn dy 24 mulk KyqI sYktr nUM 15 lwK kroV rupey dI sbiszI idMdy hn aqy ieh pUry aPrIkI mhFdIp dI kuwl GrylU pYdfvfr nfloN ijLafdf hY. hflYNz ivc, iek gAU rojLfnf do zflr (krIb 84 rupey) dI sbiszI Kf jFdI hY, ijhVI ik grIbI ryKf dy hyTF rihMdy do BfrqI pirvfrF dI rojLfnf aOsq afmdn nfloN ijLafdf hY.

          BfvyN sfry hI pRfeIvyt KyqI krijLaF nUM sUdKorI dy Gyry ivc rwKx dI phuMc drusq nhIN hY, iPr vI ies gMBIr msly nUM ivakqIgq kys dI mYirt muqfbk lYxf hI vfjb hovygf. kuwl imlf ky, iksfnI df sMkt bhuprqI hox dy nfl-nfl aMqr sMbMDq vI hY. KyqI dy msLInIkrn ny jLmIn dy srmfeydfr BUmIpqIaF dy hwQF ivc kyNdrIkrn dI pRikiraf nUM qyjL kIqf hY, ijhVf ik KyqI aMdr pMUjIvfd dy ivkfs df atwl inXm huMdf hY. jVuq pirvfrF dy twutx nfl mlkIaqI joqF suMgVIaF hn. ieh kihxf vI vfjb nhIN ik Coty iksfn jLmIn dI mflkI qoN vwzI pwDr `qy ivrvy ho gey hn. Pyr vI ieh qwQ inrivvfd hY ik KyqI AuWpr inrBr lokF dI sMiKaf idno idn Gwt rhI hY aqy pyNzU vsoN df vwzf ihwsf arQcfry dy dUjy sYktrF ivc cilaf igaf hY. 1991-2001 dy dhfky aMdr KyqI vsoN ivc hoeI qbdIlI pYdfvfrI sMbMDF aMdr afey isPqI moV vwl iesLfrf krdI hY.

          swc hY ik jLmIn nUM Tyky vtfeI `qy dyx vfly bhuqy lok nOkrIpysLf jF koeI hor DMdf krdy hn jdoN ik Coty grIb iksfn ajy vI GftyvMdI KyqI krn leI mjLbUr hn. ies df kfrn hY ik KyqI aMdrlf pMUjIvfd ivgiVaf hoieaf aqy apfhj hY. ieh pYdfvfrI sLkqIaF dI hkIkI mukqI krky AunHF dy awgy ivkfs ivc shfeI nhIN huMdf sgoN AunHF aMdr avfrfgrd (luMpn) rucIaf pYdf kr irhf hY. pMjfb dy ipMzF ivc vD rhI vysLvfgmnI aqy njfiejL sMbMDF krky ho rhy kqlF ivc ho irhf vfDf iesy ivgfV df iejLhfr krdy hn. pMjfb dI KyqI dIaF qMdF dysI aqy ivdysLI vwzI pUMjI dy hwQF ivc hox krky pYdf ho rhI hY. iesy krky KyqI aqy snaq aMdr sjIv irsLqf nhIN bxn idwqf jf irhf. ieh vI swc hY ik CotIaF joqF vflI vfhI msLInIikrq KyqI dy hfx dI nhIN rhI, pRMqU ies dI afV hyT kfrporyt KyqI dy rujLgfr ivroDI mfzl nUM rwd krnf hovygf, ikAuNik ieh pMjfb dI vfDU pYdfvfr nUM ncoVn df iek nvF mnsUbf hY.

          pMjfb dI iksfnI nUM sMkt ivcoN kwZx df svfl kfPLI guMJldfr hY. iksfnI ieksur aqy iekihrI jmfq nhIN rhI. ies dI vrg vMz inwKr ky sfhmxy af cuwkI hY. pMUjIvfdI PfrmrF df vrg, nf kyvl AujrqI mjLdUrF dI luwt krdf hY, sgoN smfj dIaF sfrIaF hI afriQk, smfijk aqy rfjnIqk cUlF AuWpr kfbjL hY. ies leI ieh mMg AuBfrI jfxI cfhIdI hY ik KyqI sYktr nUM imlx vflIaF hr iksm dIaF sbiszIaF aqy shUlqF qoN ienHF nUM vFJf rwiKaf jfvy. ieh TIk hY ik nvIaF nIqIaF nfl pUMjIvfdI PfrmrF dy munfiPaF AuWpr vI asr pY irhf hY. ies krky ienHF dI bycYnI smJ ivc afAux vflI hY. sfmrfj ivroDI iksy vzyry morcy ivc ies sYksLn dI hF pwKI BUimkf ho skdI hY, lyikn afm iksfnI dI inwq idn dI lVfeI ivcoN ienHF nUM bfhr hI rwKxf hovygf, ikAuNik ienHF dovyN vrgF dy ihwq bymyl hn.

          pMjfb dI akflI-Bfjpf srkfr KyqI sYktr ivclIaF purfxIaF aqy nvIaF DnfZ jmfqF dI numfieMdgI krdI hY. mOjUdf afriQk injLfm ienHF hI vrgF dI ihwq pUrqI krdf hY. ies leI ies srkfr koloN iksfnI dI BlfeI dI afs rwKxf bymfanf hovygf. asl ivc ies srkfr mUhry iksy vI msly dI bdlvIN nIqI hI nhIN. iksfnI leI muPq ibjlI-pfxI aqy cMUgI muafPI nfl hox vfly tYks Gfty dI pUrqI, pRfjYktF leI jLmIn pRfpqI aqy ibjlI Auqpfdn vrgy aihm muwdy ZuwkvIN nIqI ibnF ndfrd hn. ieh srkfr zMgsfrU kdm qF cuwk skdI hY, lyikn iksfnI dy buinafdI msilaF df hwl nhIN kr skdI.

‘mfnvqf ivruwD jLulmF’ pRqI amrIkf df doglf ikrdfr

-krm brst

          amrIkI sfmrfj dI kTpuqlI ierfkI srkfr vWloN swdfm husYn nUM Pfhy lfey jfx nfl iek aiDafey df aMq ho igaf hY. ieh swc hY. lyikn BivwK sfbq kr dyvygf ik swdfm dI mOq nfl ijhVf nvF aiDafey sLurU hoieaf hY, ieh lfjLmI hI amrIkI sfmrfj dy kwPx ivc iek hor ikwl Tuk igaf hY. vIh mfrc 2003 nUM, jfrj busL aqy tonI blyar dI agvfeI hyTF sLurU hoey iBafnk PLOjI hmly vyly hI qYa ho igaf sI ik pwCmI sfmrfj dysL Kfs krky amrIkf, hux swdfm dI grdn vwZx qoN hyTF, iksy cIjL nfl iqRpq nhIN hoxgy. swdfm nUM swqf qoN lFBy krn leI BfvyN AunHF ny iqMn bhfinaF-ierfk ivc Gfqk hiQafrF dI pYdfvfr, Ausfmf ibn lfidn dI alkfiedf nfl sMbMD aqy ierfk ivc jmhUrIaq dy Gfx-dy bhfny bxfey sn. ieh sfry bhfny qy ieljLfm iek-iek krky JUTy sfbq hoey. lyikn zfiZaF nUM bhfinaF dI loV Gwt hI pYNdI hY. Auh ies dlIl AuWpr cwldy huMdy hn ik ‘‘jykr qUM nhIN gflHF kwZIaF, qF qyry ipE ny kwZIaF hoxgIaF.’’ mukdI gwl, ierfk dy gwdIEN lfhy rfsLtrpqI df ‘isafsI kql’ kr idwqf igaf hY.

          swdfm nUM ‘mfnvqf ivroDI jLulmF’ bdly mOq dy Gft Auqfr idwqf igaf hY. koeI sLwk nhIN ik swdfm husYn ny afpxy rfj dI slfmqI leI afpxy hryk isafsI ivroDI nUM vwKry Dfrimk akIidaF vfly sLIaf muslmfnF nUM aqy afpxy leI vwKry rfj df afpf inrxy dI mMg kr rhI kurd kOmIaq nUM byrihmI nfl kuclx ivc koeI ksr nhIN CwzI. mfnvqf dy pYNqVy qoN aijhy jLulmF nUM koeI vI swiBaf smfj pRvfn nhIN kr skdf. qd vI svflF df svfl ieh hY ik iksy KudmuKiqafr dysL dy sLfsk nUM afpxy dysL ivc amn kfnUMn bhfl krn leI (BfvyN ieh amn kfnUMn dI gwl ikMnI vI PrybI ikAuN nf hovy) jLbr-jLulm df shfrf lYxf cfhIdf hY jF nhIN.

          amrIkI sfmrfjvfd ny eysLIaf, aPrIkf aqy lfqInI amrIkf aMdr afpxI psMd dy hfkmF vwloN kIqy jFdy jLulmF df noits lYxf qF dUr dI gwl hY, blik aijhy hfkmF dI pusqpnfhI hI kIqI hY. sfzy hI guaFZ ivc pfiksqfn dy PLOjI qfnfsLfh-XfhIaf Kfn, ijLaf-AuWl-hwk aqy prvyjL musLwrP afid hmysLf hI amrIkI pRsLfsn dI apfr ikRpf dy pfqr rhy hn. imaFmfr dI PLOjI juMzlI dhfikaF qoN amrIkf dI sLih `qy jnqf dy jmhUrI hwkF nUM lqfV rhI hY. nypfl dI jnqf ny bVy jfnhUlvyN sMGrsL ipwCoN hI amrIkf dy duMmCwly nrysL igafnyNdr qoN huxy hI Cutkfrf pfieaf hY. amrIkI pRsLfsn ny kdy vI ienHF PLOjI qfnfsLfh nUM Puwl dI nhIN lwgx idwqI.

          swdfm nUM ijs ksUr bdly PLFsI dI sjLf idwqI geI hY, Auh amrIkf dy hwQToky PLOjI qfnfsLfhF dy jLulmF dy mukfbly quwC mfqr qF hY hI, blik ies df pRsMg vI kfPI vwKrf hY. swdfm AuWpr ieljLfm sI ik ies dy dujYl ivKy 148 sLIaf muslmfnF nUM mOq dy Gft Auqfrn df hukm idwqf sI. ies GtnfkRm nUM shI pRsMg ivc smJx dI loV hY, BfvyN ik ies kqlyafm nUM vfjb nhIN Tihrfieaf jf skdf. jdoN ieh Gtnf vfprI qF ierfn-ierfk jMg afpxy dUjy sfl ivwcoN lMG rhI sI aqy ierfk jMg ivc pCV irhf sI. rfsLtrpqI swdfm husYn afpxy PLOjIaF df mnobl vDfAux leI aqy jMg leI jnqk hmfieq jutfAux leI pUry ierfk df dOrf kr irhf sI. dujYl dy kfPLI lok jMg ivc ihwsf lY rhy sn. hmfieq jutfAux dI muihMm qihq swdfm ny 8 julfeI 1982 nUM dujYl df dOrf kIqf. Aus ny KuwlyHafm ksby df dOrf kIqf, lokF nUM imilaf aqy bfQ pfrtI dy sQfnk dPLqr mUuhry lokF nUMU jMg ivc Bfg lYx leI pRyirq kIqf. jdoN Auh ies pRcfr muihMm qoN vfps muV irhf sI qF drwKqF aqy JfVIaF Ehly Cupy kuJ lokF ny Aus AuWpr golI clf idwqI, lyikn swdfm bc igaf. lyikn swdfm ny AuWQoN Bwj jfx dI bjfey, vfps ksby vwl moVf pfieaf aqy dubfrf qkrIr kIqI ik Auh ierfn dy muwTI Br eyjMtF aqy ierfk dy dusLmxF nUM KLqm krky hI dm lvygf. agly kuJ idn PVo PVI df dOr cwilaf. sLwkI lokF aqy AunHF dy pirvfrF nUM igRPLqfr krky, keIaF nUM Aus dy surwiKaf gfrzF ny mOky `qy mfr idwqf aqy bhuiqaF nUM bfad ivc do-do, cfr-cfr krky KLqm kr idwqf. ieh islislf 1985 qwk cwldf irhf.

          svfl qF iek vfr Pyr ksUqf hY ik jMg ivc burI qrHF PLsy iksy dysL dy rfsLtrpqI AuWpr jfnlyvf hmlf hoxf, kI CotI Gtnf sI? jy Auh mr jFdf qF kI ierfk dI iek pRBuUswqf sMpMn dysL dy qOr `qy hoNd bxI rih skdI sI? kI aijhI nfjLuk siQqI ivc jykr ivdrohIaF nUM mfr idwqf igaf qF mfrn vfly aqy mr jfx vfilaF dy aprfD dI gMBIrqf nUM ikhVy pYmfinaF nfl imixaf jfxf cfhIdf hY?

          ies qoN vI vwzI gwl ieh hY ik jdoN dujYl kFz vfpiraf qF swdfm husYn, amrIkf vwloN idwqy hiQafrF aqy Aus dI hmfieq nfl hI ierfn ivruwD jMg lV irhf sI. ies qoN agly 25 sflF qwk vI iksy ny ies df noits nhIN ilaf. Aus smyN dOrfn vI nhIN, jdoN jnvrI 1991 ivc ierfk AuWpr hoey pihly amrIkI PLOjI hmly aqy bfad ivc iek dhfky qwk lwgIaF afriQk pfbMdIaF, ijnHF nfl ierfk df lwk hI qoV idwqf igaf sI. ies crcf qoN iehI iswtf inkldf hY ik dujYl kFz nUM isrPL iek bhfny vjoN vriqaf igaf hY.

          ies kFz dI vrqoN krky amrIkI pRsLfsn ny ierfk dy sLIaf muslmfnF nUM sLFq krky afpxy pwK ivc krn dI koisLsL kIqI hY. asl ivc sLIaf muslmfnF nUM piqafAux ipwCy, amrIkI pRsLfsn dy hor vwD guwJy mMqv Cupy hoey hn. pRmfxU hiQafrF dy muwdy `qy amrIkf df, sLIaf afbfdI vfly dysL ierfn nfl ivroD qyjL ho irhf hY. ieh ivroD jykr kwlH kloqr nUM PLOjI tkrfa ivc bdldf hY, qF amrIkf nUM ierfn dy guaFZ ivc sLIaf muslmfnF dI hmfieq bhuq jLrUrI hY. suMnI husYn nUM kfhlI ivc rcy PrybI inaFiek zrfmy rfhIN PLFsI dy ky, ierfk dy sLIaf muslmfnF dy sMBfvI ivdroh nUMU sLFq krn dI cfl cwlI geI hY. ieh isafsI jUuaf ikMnf ku kfrgr sfbq huMdf hY, afAux vflf smF hI dwsygf. pRMqU nyVlI sMBfvnf qF iehI bxdI hY ik ieh jUaf amrIkI pRsLfsn leI puwTf pY skdf hY.

          swdfm dI mOq qoN bfad, hux amrIkIaF kol ierfk dy sLIaf muslmfnF nUM dyx leI kuJ vI nhIN bicaf. rojL-rojL dy kqlF aqy bMb DmfikaF qoN awky sLIaf muslmfn vI ierfk nUM ‘afjLfd’ krfAux dI lVfeI ivc kuwd skdy hn. swdfm husYn vwloN lokF nUM afps ivc ipafr nfl rihx aqy bfhrly dusLmxF nUM dysL ivwcoN kwZ dyx df idwqf afKrI sMdysL AuqpyRrk df kMm vI kr skdf hY.

          swdfm husYn nUM ‘mfnvqf ivroDI jLulmF’ bdly sjLf dyx vfly amrIkI sfmrfjIaF dy mfnvqf ivroDI kfly kfrnfimaF df kwcf icwTf swdfm husYn nfloN hjLfrF guxF lMbf hY. ies df ‘mnuwKqfvfdI ichrf’ qF AudoN qoN hI lIro lIr hoieaf ipaf sI jdoN ies ny dUjI jMg dy aYn aMq `qy, 6 aqy 9 agsq 1945 nUM jpfn dy do sLihrF hIrosLImf aqy nfgfsfkI AuWpr pRRmfxU bMb suwt ky lwKF lokF nUM ibnF iksy ksUr bdly mOq dy Gft Auqfr idwqf sI. AuQoN dy mnuwKI jIvn aqy vfqfvrx df hI nfsL nhIN hoieaf sgoN bfad ivc pYdf hoeIaF nslF ajy vI ryzIEaYkitv ikrnF dy pRBfvF nfl pIVq ho rhIaF hn. ipCly zyZ dhfky qoN ierfk ivc vrHfey lVIvfr bMbF ny 10 lwK dy krIb ierfkI bwcy, buwZy aqy iesqrIaF mOq dy mUMh ivc Dwk idwqy aqy lwKF apfhj ho gey. ivigafnIaF df mwq hY ik pRmfxU aqy dUsry bMbF dy asr keI pIVHIaF qwk mnuwKqf nUM apfhj krdy rihxgy.

          dihsLqgrdI dy ivroD mnuwKqf bfry pRym aqy jmhUrIaq dI bhflI bfry amrIkf dy dfavy iek nhIN, sYNkVy vfrI qfr-qfr ho cuwky hn. hkIkq qF ieh hY ik kOmFqrI dihsLqgrdI aqy aprfDF dI jgq-mfqf hI amrIkf hY. ieh dihsLqgrdI dIaF inwjI, Dfrimk aqy nslI sYnfvF dI hI pflxf posLxf nhIN krdf, blik PLOjI qfnfsLfh juMzlIaF dI pusqpnfhI vI krdf hY. icwlI dy ipnocy, ieMzonysLIaf dy suhfrqo, pnfmf dy nOrIeygf, XUgFzf dy eIdI amIn dI sUcI ieMnI lMbI hY ik amrIkf df mfnvqf ivroDI ichrf Cuipaf nhIN rih skdf. kOmFqrI inaF, mnuwKI pRym aqy jmhUrIaq pRqI amrIkI icMqf dy arQ hI nhIN hn, ikAuNik sfmrfjvfdI luwt aqy dmn df mMqkI iswtf mnuwKqf dy Gfx ivc inkldf huMdf hY. swdfm husYn dI mOq nfl mnuwKqf ivroDI jLulmF nUMU koeI TwlH nhIN pvygI ikAuNik vwK-vwK iksm dy sdfmF nUM pYdf krn vfly hI ‘jyqUaF df iensfPL’ kr rhy hn. isrPL qy isrPL amrIkI sfmrfj dy dogly ikrdfr df ivroD krky hI mnuwKqf nUM bcfieaf jf skdf hY.

8 jnvrI 2007

iksfn lihr dI soc aqy syD ivclf PLfslf

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          pMjfb aqy rfjsQfn dy iksfn iek vfr iPr hfkmF dy iKlfPL AuWT KVHy hn. iksfn aMdoln ijs vyg nfl cwl irhf hY, ieh iek ivafpk lihr ivc qbdIl ho skdf hY. pMjfb df iksfn aMdoln jLmInF aqy krijLaF dy msly nUM AuBfr irhf hY, jdoN ik rfjsQfn dy aMdoln ny nihrI pfxI dI mMg nUM kyNdrI nukqf bxf ilaf hY, lyikn dovF dI pRivrqI ivclI kyNdrI smwisaf, KyqI aMdr hoey pUMjIvfd dy ivkfs dy iswty vjoN pYdf hoeIaF smwisafvF hn. pUMjIvfdI ZMg df KyqI ivwcoN do sLRyxIaF pRqwK qOr `qy sfhmxy afAuNdIaF hn. iek pfsy srkfrI shUlqF qy sbiszIaF df lfB AuTf ky DnI iksfnF dI jmfq vDdI-PuldI hY aqy dUjy pfsy pUMjIvfdI mukfbly krky CotI iksfnI afpxI QoVHI ijhI jLmIn nUM bcf ky rwKx ivc asmrwQ hox krky, mjLdUr sPLF ivc DwkI jfx leI srfpI jFdI hY.

          ‘hry ienklfb’ dy iKwiqaF, KLfs krky pMjfb ivc cwl irhf iksfn aMdoln bhuq sfrIaF aMqr-ivroDqfeIaF df isLkfr bx irhf hY. iksfnI ky inwq zUMGy sMkt dI gihrfeI mfpx leI, iksfn afgUaF dI smJ pCV rhI hY. dUjy sLbdF ivc, iksfn lIzrisLp dI soc aqy syD ivclf PLfslf hor cOVf huMdf jf irhf hY. iksfn lihr dI soc qF CotI aqy grIb iksfnI nUM bcfAux dI hY, pRMqU Auh cfhuMdI hoeI vI aijhf krn ivc inqfxypx dI qsvIr pysL krdI hY. pMjfb aMdr cfr dhfky pihlF amrIkI sfmrfjI sMsQfvF dI dyK-ryK aDIn sLurU hoeI ‘hry ienklfb’ dI qknIk ny, ijs iksm df afljMjfl Ausfiraf hY, Aus df mksd hI KyqI Kyqr aMdr pYdf huMdI vfDU pYdfvfr nUM ivdysLI aqy dysI vwzIaF kMpnIaF dI JolI ivc pfAuxf sI. nvIN msLInrI, qknIk, rsfiexk KfdF aqy suDry hoey bIjF dI vrqoN leI vI, iksfnF dI mfniskqf df ivkfs hoxf jLrUrI sI. lyikn pMjfb dI KyqI aMdr pMUjIvfd ny ijs rPLqfr nfl pRvysL kIqf, Aus dy anupfq ivc iksfn mfniskqf pCV geI. ies qoN vI mfVI gwl ieh hoeI hY ik iksfn lihr df bfnxUM bMnHx vfly iksfn afgUaF dI pRivrqI ivc koeI bhuqf PLrk nhIN ipaf. Auh iek gwl awj qwk vI nhIN buwJ sky, jF jfx-buwJ ky ies qwQ Aupr prdf pfAuNdy hn ik pMjfb dI iksfnI hux iekihrI qy ieksur jmfq nhIN hY. Auh aMdoln krn vyly pMj sO eykV vfly pUMjIvfdI Pfrmr aqy awDy eykV dI vfhI krn vfly iksfn nUM ieko hI jLumry ivc rwK ky cwl rhy hn.

          smuwcy qOr `qy Bfrq iek KyqI pRDfn aqy arD-jgIrU irsLiqaF vflf dysL hY. iewQy 75 PLIsdI vsoN KyqI Aupr inrBr hY. ieh inrBrqf vI sfvIN nhIN hY, ikAuNik KyqI df ivkfs sfvF nhIN hY. pMjfb, hirafxf, pwCmI XU[ pI[ smuwcy rUp ivc aqy krnftk, qfimlnfzU, mhfrfsLtr, aFDrf pRdysL, rfjsQfn afid kuJ coxvyN ielfikaF aMdr KyqI hux isrPL kudrq dy rihmo-krm `qy inrBr nhIN rhI. iewQy mnuwKI dKLl pRvysL kr cuwikaf hY. ienHF iKwiqaF dI KyqI mMzI dIaF qfkqF dy shfry cwl rhI hY. 1990ivaF qoN sLurU hoeIaF ivsLvIkrn, AudfrIkrn aqy inwjIkrn dIaF nIqIaF dI iBafnk mfr, ienHF ielfikaF aMdr pRqwK dyKI jf skdI hY. iehI kfrn hY ik ienHF sUibaF aMdr hI iksfnF ny sB qoN vwD afqm hwiqafvF kIqIaF hn aqy iksfnI dy jn aMdoln vI Gwt-vwD rUp ivc ienHF ielfikaF aMdr hI cwl rhy hn. sLrd josLI, nMjUdfsvfmI, ivjY jvMDIaf, mihMdr isMG itkYq, GfsI rfm nYn, blvIr sMG rfjyvfl aqy ajmyr isMG lwKovfl vrgy iksfn afgUaF dI nvIN pIVHI df, awsIivaF ivc sfhmxy af jfxf, ies qwQ nUM sQfpq krn leI kfPLI sI, ik ieh lok KyqI aMdr pUMjIvfdI ivkfs dy iswty vjoN pYdf hoeI nvIN sLRyxI-DnI, iksfnI (kulkF) dI numfieMdgI krn vfly hn. bfad dIaF GtnfvF aqy ivkfsLF qoN spwsLt ho igaf ik ieh iksfn nyqf smuwcI iksfnI nUM afpxy nfl nhIN rwK sky. ieh sfry hI afgU iek-iek krky iksfnI ivwcoN inwKV gey jF hux afDfrhIx kfgjL XUnIanF dy nyqf khfAux jogy rih gey hn.

          cwl irhf iksfn aMdoln koeI afp-muhfrI Gtnf nhIN hY. ieh KyqI aMdr PYl cuwky ivafpk sMkt df mMqkI iswtf hY. iesy qrHF ieh sMkt vI afpy hI nhIN Puwitaf. ijvyN ik pihlF ikhf igaf hY ik iehdy leI mMzI dIaF qfkqF ijLMmyvfr hn. lyikn mMdBfgI siQqI ieh bxI hoeI hY ik mMzI dIaF qfkqf ‘afjLfd’ dysI pUMjIpqI jmfqF nf ho ky, ivdysLI sfmrfjIey aqy AunHF dy dlfl BfrqI vwzy pUMjIpqI hn. mMzI Auwpr kfbjL dysI srmfeydfr huMdy qF KyqI ivwcoN inklI vfDU pYdfvfr ny snaq nUM hulfrf dyxf sI. dysL dI pUMjI dysL aMdr hI lwgxI sI. snaqI ivkfs nfl, KyqI ivwcoN ivhlI hoeI vfPLr ikrqI sLRyxI ny snaq ivc jjLb ho ky, moVvyN rUp ivc KyqI nUM vI ivksq krn ivc Xogdfn pfAuxf sI. iksy vI smfj df sfvF ivkfs do-rfhI sVk vFg kMm krdf hY. snaq KyqI dy vfDU anfj nUM Kpq krn df vsIlf bxdI hY. snaq ivc lwgy mjLdUrF dI KLrId sLkqI ivc vfDf hox nfl, KyqI ijxsF leI vzyrI GrylU mMzI df ivkfs hMudf hY. moVvyN rUp ivc KyqI sYktr snaqI mfl dI mMzI bx jFdf hY.

          pMjfb aqy hor ivksq KyqI iKwiqaF nfl iek-mfrgI ivkfs vflf Bfxf vrqf idwqf igaf. KyqI sYktr AuWpr inrBr lok dUho-dUh snaqI mfl dI Kpq kr rhy hn. Auh isrPL KyqI sMbMDq vsqF hI nhIN vrq rhy, sgoN gYr Auqpfdk snaqI mfl-motrsfeIkl, skUtr, kfrF, jIpF, mobfeIl PonF, tI[ vI[ sYWtF aqy rYPrIjrytrF dI vI KuwlHI vrqoN/durvrqoN krn ivc lwgy hoey hn. mnuwK dy cMgyry jIvn inrbfh leI ienHF cIjLF dI hux loV hI hY aqy ieh suivDfjnk vI hn, lyikn afmdn qoN AuWpr dI, KpqBogI rucIaF aMdrly ivgfV ny iksfnI arQcfry nUM hI brbfd nhIN kIqf, blik pyNzU smfj dI nvIN pIVHI nUM vI inkMmy, aflsI aqy nsLweI bxn vwl Dwk idwqf hY. ies dy aYn Ault, pUry dysL dI 50 PIsdI vsoN grIbI dI ryKf qoN hyTF rih rhI hY. dysL aMdr anfj dy BMzfr Bry pey huMdy hn, lyikn lokF nUM do zMg dI rotI nsIb nhIN huMdI. sfzy dysL aMdr pRqI ivakqI anfj dI Kpq 1939 dy pwDr qoN hyTF af geI hY, jdoN iewQy brqfnvI sfmrfjvfdIaF dI hkUmq hoieaf krdI sI. kihx df Bfv ieh hY ik pUry dysL ivc ivafpk grIbI aqy BuwKmrI hox dy bfvjUd pMjfb dy KyqI mfl leI sfvIN GrylU mMzI ivksq nhIN pf rhI, ikAuNik lokF kol KrId sLkqI hI nhIN hY. KyqI aqy snaq aMdrly ienHF asMqulnF leI sfzy dysL dIaF dlfl hfkm jmfqf ijLMmyvfr hn, ijhVIaF siQqI ivc suDfr krn dI bjfey, ivsLv bYNk dIaF hdfieqF `qy, KyqI mfl dI Kpq ivc shfeI hox vflI jnqk vMz pRxflI (aYP[ sI[ afeI[) nUM BMnx, iKMzfAux `qy lwgIaF hoeIaF hn. srkfr dIaF ienHF sfmrfj pwKI nIqIaF df hI iswtf hY ik iksfnF koloN Cy mhIny pihlF swq rupey iklo KrIdI kxk, hux cOdF rupey iklo qwk ivk rhI hY.

          pMjfb dI mOjUdf iksfn lihr Auprokq smwisafvF qoN pfsf vwt ky cwl rhI hY. ajIb ieqPLfk ieh hY ik isrPL do aKLOqI iksfn XUnIanF nUM Cwz ky bfkI dIaF igafrF iksfn jQybMdIaF AuWpr sfbkf/mOjUdf nkslIey aqy rvfieqI KwbIaF pfrtIaF kfbjL hn. ienHF sfrIaF ivwcoN BfrqI iksfn XUnIan (AugrfhF) ny afpxf Gyrf aqy afDfr vI moklf kIqf hY aqy iksfn jnqf aMdr pYNT vI kfPLI hwd qwk bxfeI hY. ieh jQybMdI keI vfr KfVkU aYksLn krn vwl vI ahuldI hY, lyikn ies nUM prdy ipwCoN vI clfAux vflI rfjnIqk iDr, afpxy ipCly cfr dhfikaF dIaF vjUd-smoeIaF kmjLorIaF, qMgnjLrI aqy iTwbImfr kuibrqI sdkf, iek insLicq sImf qoN awgy nhIN jfx dyvygI. ies qoN ielfvf blkfr isMG zkONdf, hrdyv isMG sMDU, ruldU isMG mfnsf, surjIq isMG PUl aqy kmlpRIq isMG pMnU dI agvfeIaF hyTlIaF iksfn XUnIanF/kmytIaF df vI afpo afpxy ielfikaF ivc sImq, lyikn bwJvF Tos afDfr hY. AuNj ienHF sfry hI DiVaF ivckfr iksy vI iksm dIaF jwcvIaF ivroDqfeIaF nhIN hn, Pyr vI ieh alwg-alwg ikAuN hn? ies df jvfb ienHF kol nhIN hY. sLfied prdy ipwCy bYTy lIzrF nUM kuJ pqf hovy. AuNj iksfn muwidaF `qy ienHF sfiraF vwloN hI iekjuwt kfrvfeIaF krnf cMgI gwl hY aqy afm iksfn jnqf vI ies df svfgq krdI hY.

          qd vI svflF df svfl qF Pyr vI hwl huMdf idKfeI nhIN dy irhf. ieh igafrF dIaF igafrF iksfn jQybMdIaF aYlfnIaf qOr `qy CotI aqy grIb iksfnI nUM bcfAux dy pwK ivc hn. ikhf jf skdf hY ik Auh pUrI eImfndfrI aqy kurbfnI dI Bfvnf nfl ies msly nfl KOJl vI rhIaF hn, pRMqU AunHF dy Gol dIaF mMgF aqy rUp AunHF dI aYlfnIaf smJ qoN dUr KVHy hn. Auh ieh gwl spwsLt nhIN kr pf rhy ik muPLq ibjlI, ijxsF dIaF kImqF ivc hr sfl vfDf, sbiszIaF dyx ryhF qy qylF dIaF kImqF GtfAux aqy krjLy dI muafPI afid vrgIaF mMgF DnI aqy lYNzlfrz jmfq leI vI ikAuN AuTfeIaF jf rhIaF hn? pulIs vwloN kuwt ieh KFdy hn, jylHF ivc ieh jFdy hn aqy dhfikaF qwk pulIs vwloN pfey JUTy kysF bdly kcihrIaF ivc Kwjl-Kuafr ieh huMdy hn, lyikn ienHF dy sMGrsL df lfB isrPL AunHF 36[5 PLIsdI kulkF nUM imldf hY, ijhVy kuJ vfhIXog jLmIn dy 70[75 PLIsdI AuWpr aiDkfr rwKdy hn. ieh gwl nhIN hY ik sMGrsL df Coty qy grIb iksfnF nUM koeI lfB hI nhIN hY, pRMqU jdoN gwl PLIsdI aqy anupfq dy anusfr ho rhI hovy qF 29[2 PLIsdI jLmInI ihwsy vflI iksfnI (63[47 PLIsdI) dy ihwsy qF cUr-Bor hI hwQ lwgygI.

          iksy vI mnuwK df afpxy hwkF aqy ihwqF leI sMGrsL krnf jnm-iswD aiDkfr hY. ies nUM hr hflq ivc bulMd rwiKaf jfxf cfhIdf hY, lyikn sMGrsL krdy vkq, ieh gwl jLrUr hI idmfgL ivc rihxI cfhIdI hY ik sMGrsL df lfB vI AunHF vrgF nUM hI hovy, ijnHF vfsqy soicaf igaf hY, nhIN qF soc aqy syD ivclf PLfslf hor vD jfvygf. iksfn lihr nUM ies mfmly vwl gMBIr iDafn idMdy hoey syD qoN vwD soc nUM qrjIh dyxI cfhIdI hY.

lfiraF aqy nfiraF ivc BtkdI jnqf

-krm brst

          pMjfb df rfjnIqk mfhOl bdl vI irhf hY aqy iek vfr Pyr grm vI ho irhf hY. pRsLfsn aqy rfjnIqI ivWcoN iBRsLtfcfr nUM Kqm kr dyx dy nfary nfl bxI kFgrs srkfr dy idn nyVy Zuk rhy hn. jykr koeI ivGn nf ipaf, qF aglIaF coxF PrvrI dy pihly jF dUsry hPqy hoxIaF insLicq hn. sfrIaF hI isafsI pfrtIaF ny kmrkwsy kr ley hn aqy Auh lMgr-lMgot pf ky mYdfn ivc Auqrn leI iqafr hn. hfkm kFgrs pfrtI qF muwZ qoN hI hmlfvr rONa ivc cwldI af rhI hY, pRMqU meI 2004 dIaF lok sBf coxF ivc hoeI ies dI krfrI hfr ny, ies dy qyvrF nUM kfPI TMZf kr idwqf sI. Pyr vI, ies ny dm nhIN qoiVaf sI, ikAuNik akflI-Bfjpf gwTjoV pMjfb dIaF qyrF ivwcoN igafrF sItF ijwqx dy bfvjUd vI, lMbf smF ichry `qy rMgq nhIN ilaf sikaf. kfrn sfiraF nUM pqf hI hY, ik iBRsLtfcfr dy mukwdmy ivc AulJy ipE-puwqr nUM, lokF ivc KVHxf duwBr hoieaf ipaf sI.

          ijAuN-ijAuN hfkm kFgrs pfrtI dy iBRsLtfcfr ivroDI ‘‘jyhfd’’ dI lIrF dI Kuwdo AuWDVxI sLurU hoeI, qF akflIaF ivc vI, dlyrI afAuxI sLurU hoeI. kFgrs rfj ivc, hyTly pwDr `qy nf kdy iBRsLtfcfr Kqm hoieaf sI, nf ho skdf hY. asl ivc, mOjUdf gYr-brfbrI aqy sosLx Aupr afDfrq injLfm ivc, koeI vI isafsI pfrtI ies ibmfrI nUM Kqm nhIN kr skdI, sgoN iek smyN bfad Kud vI ies dldl ivc grk jfx leI srfpI jFdI hY. kYptn dI srkfr qF hY hI Aus pfrtI dI hY, ijs ny iBRsLtfcfr dIaF sfrIaF hI AuWc izgrIaF hfsl kIqIaF hoeIaF hn. ies leI iBRsLtfcfr dy anykF hI mfmly sfhmxy afAuNdy gey, lyikn luiDafxf dy istI sYNtr df Gplf qF akflIaF nUM ‘iqMn myl dI dyg’ vFg imilaf hY. asMblI ivc rOlI rwpf pfAux qoN bfad, akflIaF vwloN cMzIgVH ivc kIqI ivsLfl rYlI nfl, bfdl pfrtI dI jfn ivc jfn afeI hY. istI sYNtr ny bfdl pirvfr nUM aijhf muwdf pRdfn kr idwqf hY ik Auh hux sLfhI PrjLMd nfl brfbrI `qy gqkf Kyz skdy hn.

          pMjfb ivc jo isafsI mfhOl bx irhf hY, jo isafsI iDrF AuWBr rhIaF hn aqy bxn jf rhy sMBfvI ‘qIjy morcy’, sfry hI lokF nUM lfry aqy nfary dy rhy hn aqy lok-luBfAU vfady kr rhy hn. hfkm pfrtI ny qF mulfjLmF nUM sfZy cfr sfl dwb ky luwtx qoN bfad 750 kroV dI aKOqI afriQk shfieqf dyx df PYslf kr vI ilaf hY. ies Aupr aml ikMnf ku huMdf hY, CyqI hI pqf lwg jfvygf. lyikn ieh pwk nfl ikhf jf skdf hY, ik kFgrs hkUmq dy ipCly ieiqhfs nUM dyKidaF, ies ny aglI srkfr (ijs dI bhuqI sMBfvnf nhIN) leI huxy qoN hI mulfjLmF aqy afm lokF df KUn incoVx leI ‘isMgIaF qy jokF’ iqafr krky rwK leIaF hoxgIaF.

          Pyr vI lfiraF aqy nfairaF dI Kyz ivwcoN, jykr koeI gYr hfjLr hY qF Auh hY pMjfbI jnqf. ies jnqf nUM Brmfieaf jFdf irhf hY, guMmrfh kIqf jFdf irhf hY aqy ies dy duwKF dy qvy `qy isafsI rotIaF sykIaF jFdIaF rhIaF hn. qd vI, ipCly 58 sflF dy ieiqhfs ny vfr-vfr iswD kIqf hY ik, hfkm BfvyN iksy vI pfrtI, Drm aqy sLkl dy hox aqy AunHF df AudysL ikvyN vI lokF dI syvf krnf hI irhf. AunHF ny jykr koeI ‘‘syvf’’ kIqI hY, qF jnqf rUpI ‘‘Byz’’ dI Aun hI AuqfrI hY. Pyr vI ienHF imldy juldy lfiraF aqy nfairaF ivwcoN ikhVI pfrtI BivwK dI hfkm bxygI, AunHF dI qulnfqmk siQqI ivcfrnI bxdI hY.

          pMjfb dy ieiqhfs ivc, ieh pihlI vfr dyKx nUM imilaf hY ik hfkm kFgrs pfrtI nUM iksfnF, mulfjLmF aqy byrujLgfr nOjvfnF dy ivroD df qF sfhmxf krnf ipaf hY, lyikn isafsI pfrtIaF ivsLysL krky sLoRmxI akflI dl vwloN iksy vI qrHF dy krVy ivroD df sfhmxf nhIN krnf ipaf. ies dy do muwK kfrn hn. pihlf, akflIaF kol lokF nUM BVkfAux leI koeI muwdf hI nhIN bicaf sI. gwl ieh nhIN ik pMjfbI kOmIaq dy jF iswK Dfrimk Gwt igxqI dy purfxy msly hwl ho gey hn, sgoN ieh hY ik pRkfsL isMG bfdl dI agvfeI hyTF iksy akflI srkfr ny pihlI vfr pMj sfl pUry kIqy sn. ienHF hI virHaF ivc vI akflIaF dI hmfieq vflI Bfjpf srkfr kyNdr ivc BfrU sI. lyikn akflI srkfr afpxy pMj sflF dy kfrjkfl aMdr pMjfbI kOmIaq df iek vI mslf-cMzIgVH nUM pMjfb dy spurd krnf, pMjfbI boldy ielfky pMjfb ivc dubfrf sLfml krny, dirafeI pfxIaF dI vfjb vMz krnI, hirafxy aqy ihmfcl ivc pMjfbI BfsLf nUM dUjI BfsLf df ruqbf idvfAuxf, afl ieMzIaf gurduafrf kfnUMn bxf ky sfry ieiqhfsk gurDfmF nUM sLoRmxI kmytI dy aDIn ilafAuxf afid-hwl nhIN krvf skI.

          ies leI kFgrs pfrtI swqf ivc afAux vyly qoN hI, isafsI qOr `qy BfrU siQqI ivc rhI. akflIaF nUM Kuwzy lfAux leI bfkI rihMdI ksr pMjfb pbilk srivs kimsLn dy sfbkf cyarmYn aqy pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy sfbkf vfeIs cFslr Aupr GpilaF aqy nYiqk igrfvt dy lwgy dosLF ny pUrI kr idwqI. akflI dl dy sfbkf muwK mMqrI nUM afpxy sfbkf kyNdrI vjLIr puwqr nfl iBRsLtfcfr dy dosLF ivc jylH dI hvf KfxI peI. isafsI qOr `qy lfhyvMd hflq ivc hox dy bfvjUd vI hfkm kFgrs pfrtI, afpxI puwgq guafAuNdI af rhI hY, ikAuNik ies ny coxF qoN pihlF lokF nfl kIqy, iek vI vfady nUM pUrf nhIN kIqf. Aultf iksfnF koloN muPq ibjlI-pfxI dI shUlq Koh leI, jo ik iqMn sflF bfad Pyr bhfl kr idwqI. Jony Aupr idwqy jfx vfly 30 rupey pRqI kuieMtl bons ivwcoN 20 rupey hVwp ley. bhukOmI aqy dysI vwzIaF kMpnIaF nUM ssqIaF jLmInF muhweIaf krfAux leI iksfnF nUM jLmInF AuproN jbrI AujfVx dI nIqI apxf leI. borzF/kfrporysLnF nUM BMg kr idwqf aqy sihkfrI KMz imwlF bMd kr idwqIaF, ijs nfl hjLfrF mulfjLmF koloN rujLgfr Koh ilaf igaf. asLIrvfd skIm, buZfpf pYnsLn, ivDvf pYnsLn aqy dilqF leI 100 XUint pRqI mhInf ibjlI dyx dy aYlfn isrP aYlfn bx ky hI rih gey. sB qoN aihm gwl ieh kIqI ik ishq aqy iswiKaf vrgy smfijk BlfeI dy ivBfgF df Bog pfAux leI ivsLv bYNk dIaF hdfieqF `qy injIkrn aqy Tykf pRxflI dI nIqI lfgU kr idwqI.

          ies vyly jdoN coxF ivc cfr mhIny qoN vI Gwt smF rih igaf hY qF muwK mMqrI vwloN kIqy jf rhy lok luBfAuU vfady koeI arQ nhIN rwKdy. pMjfb dI jnqf ieMnI vI mUrK nhIN hY, ik Auh hfkmF dIaF iqkVmbfjLIaF nf smJdI hovy. amirMdr isMG dI srkfr ny jykr koeI XfdgfrI kMm kIqf hY qF Auh hY pfxIaF bfry ipCly smJOiqaF nUM iekqrPLf qOr `qy rwd krnf. lyikn dubfrf swqf ivc afAux leI ieh muwdf afpxy afp ivc kfPI nhIN hY. ies leI hfkm pfrtI dy hwQF ivwcoN idno-idn ikr rhI swqf nUM muwTI ivc bMnH ky rwKxf sMBv nhIN hY.

          pMjfb dI dUjI mwK pfrtI, ‘dlF dI dldl’ ivwcoN iek dhfkf pihlF Tos rUp ivc AuWBiraf sLoRmxI akflI dl (bfdl) hY. ieh pMjfb dI muwK ivroDI pfrtI hI nhIN, sgoN iswKF dI ‘imMnI pfrlImYNt’ vjoN jfxI jFdI sLoRmxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI Aupr vI kfbjL hox df mqlb hY, golkF ivc peI bysLumfr dOlq Aupr vI kMtrol krnf. ies qoN vI awgy, iqwQ-iqAuhfrF `qy gurduafiraF ivc juVdI sLrDflU iswK jgqf mUhry ibnF iksy qrwdd qoN, afpxI pfrtI df pRcfr krn leI muPq dy mMcF df hfsl hoxf.

          Pyr vI ienHF hfsl shUlqF dy bfvjUd vI bfdl akflI dl isafsI qOr `qy GftyvMd hflq ivc hY. ies kol pMjfbI jnqf nUM dyx leI nf koeI nfarf hY, nf lMby smyN df pRogrfm. ies dI ieko iek ‘pRfpqI’ mOjUdf kFgrs pfrtI srkfr dIaF lok ivroDI nIqIaF hn. bfdl akflI dl isrP iek hI lfrf dy irhf hY ik Auh akflI vrkrF (asl ivc bfdl pirvfr) nUM pRysLfn krn vfly aPsrF koloN igx-igx ky bdly lvygf. koeI puwCyy Blf Pyr kI ho jfvygf? kI ies nfl iksfnF, mjLdUrF, mulfjLmF aqy byrujLgfr nOjvfnF dIaF smwisafvF hwl ho jfxgIaF?

          bfdl akflI dl dI isafsI hflq ieMnI pqlI kdy vI nhIN rhI ijMnI ies vfr idKfeI idMdI hY. lyikn ieh swc hY aqy icwty idn vrgI hkIkq hY ik pMjfb dy lok kFgrs dy rfj qoN awky pey hn. AunHF kol hor koeI bdl vI nhIN hY. qIjy, cOQy, pMjvyN[[[morcy dy hokry mfrn vfly inry kfgjLI Blvfn hn. nf AunHF kol koeI pRogrfm hY, nf jQybMdk-rfjnIqk sLkqI. KwbIaF pfrtIaF ijhVIaF nIqIaF df pMjfb aqy kyNdrI pwDr `qy ivroD krdIaF hn, iblkul Auho ijhIaF nIqIaF pwCmI bMgfl aqy kyrl ivc ivqoN vwD jLor nfl lfgU kr rhIaF hn. ienHF dI dosqI isLkfr nfl vI hY aqy isLkfrI nfl vI. ies leI lf pf ky, bfdl akflI dl hI, afgfmI asMblI coxF ivc swqf df muwK dfavydfr bx jFdf hY.

          pRMqU ieh vI Aunf hI swc hY ik kFgrs pfrtI dy lfiraF aqy nfairaF vFg, akflIaF dy lfry vI KoKly hI rihxgy. Prk isrP ieMnf pY skdf hY ik hux ‘mfieaf dyvI’ kFgrsIaF dy mihlF vwl nUM sLfndfr sUtkysF ivc sPr krdI hY, Pyr akflIaF dIaF koTIaF vwl nUM qxIaF vfly JoilaF ivc kr ilaf krygI. pMjfb dy lok iek vfr Pyr AuvyN hI Twgy jfxgy, ijvyN ipCly aTvMjf sflF qoN huMdf af irhf hY. kFgrs aqy akflI ieko hI iswky dy do pfsy hn, ijhVy ‘Auqr kfto, mYN cVHF’ dI Kyz Kyzdy af rhy hn. pMjfb dI jnqf df Blf Kud iksy hkIkI aqy jmhUrI lok-pwKI bdl dI AusfrI krn ivc hI ipaf hY.

BfrqI rfjnIqI ivc aOrqF dI BfgIdfrI

-krm brst

          khfvq hY ik ‘bfrF sflF bfad qF rUVI dI vI suxI jFdI hY. ‘pRMqU sfzy dysL nUM rsmI afjLfdI imilaf qF swT sfl pUry hox vfly hn, Pyr vI smfj aqy rfjnIqI aMdr aOrqF nUM brfbr df sQfn nhIN iml sikaf. awj kwlH sMsdI sMsQfvF ivc, aOrqF nUM rfKvIaF sItF dyx dI crcf iek vfr Pyr iCV geI hY. pRDfn mMqrI ny keI vfr duhrfieaf hY ik afAuNdy srd ruwq sLYsn dOrfn aOrqF leI rfKvFkrn ibwl, sMsd ivc pysL kr idwqf jfvygf. AunHF muqfbk ies vfr sfrIaF hI muwK isafsI pfrtIaF aMdr ies bfbq motI sihmqI bx cuwkI hY.

          ieh pihlI vfr nhIN hY, ik aOrqF leI rfKvyNkrn bfry sMsd ivc crcf hovygI. asl ivc ies df muwZ qF svrgI rfjIv gFDI dI kyNdrI srkfr vyly 1988 ivc hI bwJ igaf sI, jdoN kOmI BivwK df KrVf iqafr krn vyly, aOrqF leI sfrIaF hI cuxIaF hoeIaF sMsQfvF ivc 30 PIsdI rfKvyNkrn dI isPfrsL kIqI geI sI. Aus qoN bfad vI[ pI[ isMG aqy cMdr sLyKr dI agvfeI hyTlIaF kwcIaF-ipwlIaF srkfrF koeI Tos kdm nf AuTf skIaF. nrismhf rfE dI agvfeI hyTlI kFgrs srkfr ny sMivDfn (soD) kfnUMn, 1992 nUM pfs krvf ky, 24 apRYl 1993 nUM ies kfnUMn nUM lfgU krvf idwqf, ijs nUM ik 73vIN sMivDfnk soD vI ikhf jFdf hY. pihly pVfa vjoN pMcfieqI rfj sMsQfvF ivc aOrqF nUM 33 PIsdI rfKvyN krn dI shUlq dy ky hyTly pwDr `qy AunHF dI BfgIdfrI XkInI bxfAux df Auprflf kIqf igaf. anykF sImqfeIaF dy bfvjUd rfjnIqI ivc aOrqF dI BfgIdfrI leI kfnUMnI rfh KolH idwqf igaf. lyikn ieh srkfr sMsdI sMsQfvF aMdr ies nIqI nUM lfgU krn qoN tflf hI vwtdI rhI.

          1996 ivc dyvgOVf dI sFJy morcy dI srkfr ny vI ies muwdy `qy sMsd ivc ibwl ilafAux dI gwl kIqI, lyikn ies dy afpxy hI keI sihXogIaF dI ivroDqf aqy kFgrs pfrtI vwloN ztvIN hmfieq nf krn sdkf kuJ vI nf ho sikaf. Pyr 2003 ivc kOmI jmUhrI gTjoV (Bfjpf) dI srkfr ny 84vIN sMivDfnk soD rfhIN kfnUMnI bnfAux dI koisLsL kIqI. ies vfrI smfjvfdI pfrtI aqy rfsLtrI jnqf dl dy BfrI ivroD sdkf aYn afKrI mOky `qy ibwn nUM pysL krn qoN hwQ ipwCy iKwc ilaf igaf. Aus qoN bfad ies msly `qy vyly-kuvyly rOlf rwpf qF pYNdf af irhf hY, lyikn Tos Xqn iksy vwloN vI nhIN kIqf igaf. asl ivc qF koeI vI pfrtI aOrqF nUM rfKvFkrn dyx leI suihrd nhIN hY. Auh isrP ies msly nUM lY ky rfjnIqI krdIaF af rhIaF hn.

          BfrqI jnqf pfrtI ies msly nUM 33 PIsdI sItF Aupr dohrI mYNbrisLp rfhIN hwl krnf cfhuMdI sI, ijs nfl 181 aOrqF nUM pqIinDqf iml jfx nfl, lok sBf dy kuwl mYNbrF dI igxqI 726 ho jfvygI. iesy anupfq nfl hI sUbf asYNblIaF aqy rfjsBf dy mYNbrF dI igxqI vwD jfvygI. smfjvfdI pfrtI aqy rfsLtrI jnqf dl iesy 33 PIsdI ihwsy aMdr dilqF, pCVIaF jfqF/kbIilaF df ihwsf mMgdy sn/hn. kuJ muslm jQybMdIaF ny vI muslm aOrqF leI iesy ihwsy ivwcoN ihwsf mMg ilaf sI. gwl kI, aOrqF keI rfKvyNkrn dI nIqI dy kiQq ivroDI ‘rfKvyNkrn aMdr rfKvFkrn’ mMg rhy sn. ies vyly AunHF ny afpxy pwqy nhIN KolHy. hux Auh ikhVy pfly ivc jFdy hn, ibwl pysL hox AuprMq hI siQqI spwsLt hovygI.

          ies msly Aupr hor crcf krn qoN pihlF dUsry ivkisq aqy gYrivkisq dysLF dIaF aOrqF dI pRqIinDqf bfry kI siQqI hY, bfry sMKyp jfxkfrI vI hoxI cfhIdI hY. dunIaf dy iksy dysL ivc vI, aOrqF leI sMsdI sMsQfvF aMdr rfKvyNkrn dI ivvsQf nhIN hY. jykr ieh mMn ky cwl ilaf jfvy ik ivkisq dysLF ivc sfzy vFg aOrq nfl iksy iksm df ivqkrf nhIN huMdf aqy AunHF nUM brfbrI df hr mOkf hfsl hY, qF rfjnIqI dy sbMD ivc hflq qswlIbKsL nhIN hY. jmhUrIaq dy sB qoN vwzy dfavydfr dysL amrIkf ivc rfjnIqI aMdr aOrqF dI sLmUlIaq, kFgrs ivc 435 ivwcoN 13 (2[99 PIsdI) aqy sYnyt ivc 50 ivwcoN 9 (18 PIsdI), sB qoN Gwt hY. XUrpI dysLF ivwcoN svIzn ivc sB qoN ijLafdf (45[3) aqy PrFs ivc sB qoN Gwt (11[8) aOrqF nUM pRqIinDqf imlI hoeI hY. ienHF dy mukfbly Bfrq dI mOjUdf sMsd aMdr aOrqF lok sBf ivc (8[25) aqy rfj sBf ivc (11[2) ihwsy dI pRqIinDqf krdIaF hn. ies qrHF Bfrq dI hflq bfkI sMsfr dy ivkisq aqy aivkisq dysLF vrgI hI hY.

          Pyr vI Bfrq dI hflq nUM vwKry pRsMg ivc lYx dI loV hY, ikAuNik BfrqI siBafcfr aOrq ivroDI sMklpF nfl Biraf ipaf hY. aOrq nUM pYr dI juwqI, KurI (igwcI) ipwCy mwq vflI ijhy lkbF nfl invfjx qoN ielfvf psLUaF dy sfmfn aqy Bog dI vsqU smiJaf jFdf hY. aOrq nUM iek jfiedfd vFg smJ ky KrIidaf aqy vyicaf jf skdf hY, srIrk sLosLx kIqf jf skdf hY aqy hux qF jMmx qoN vI roikaf jFdf hY. khfxI pfqVF vrgy iek inwjy ijhy ksby qk sImq nhIN hY. aOrq nUM mfrn aqy suwtx leI qF Gr-Gr ivc KUh puwty hoey hn. hryk mrd iensfn, iksy nf iksy aOrq ivroDI ‘KUh’ df Bfr Zo irhf hY. aOrq iek brfbr df iensfn aqy sLihrI nhIN hY. bcpn ivc ipE, jvfnI ivc pqI aqy buZfpy ivc puwqF dy rihmo-krm Aupr rihxf hI aOrq dI hoxI bxf idwqf igaf hY. ieMnf hI nhIN, ikrqI aOrq qF dUhrI gulfmI dI isLkfr hY. Gr ivc pqI dI aqy ikrq krn vyly jfiedfd mflk sI. ies qrHF ies mrd pRDfn smfj ivc iek vrg dy qOr `qy aOrq nUM hI gulfmI dy iksy nf iksy rUp nUM hMZfAuxf pYNdf hY, bysLwk smfijk, afriQk ruqby dy anusfr ies dI izgrI aqy qIKxqf ivc Prk ho skdf hY.

          smfijk Kyqr ivclI aOrq dI doiem drjy dI siQqI, rfjnIqk Kyqr ivc vI idKfeI idMdI hY. ijvyN pirvfr, smfj, jfiedfd aqy pYdfvfr dy sfDnF ivc mrd dI cODr brkrfr hY, AuvyN hI rfjnIqI ivc vI mrd pRDfnqf BfrU hY. ijvyN jfiedfd dI hwQ bdlI mrd qoN mrd dy ivckfr huMdI hY, AuvyN hI rfjnIqk ivrfsq vI ipE qoN puwq vwl nUM jFdI hY. qIjI dunIaf dy dysLF ivc ijQy burjUaf jmhUrIaq isrP rsmI qOr `qy lfgU hY, ijQy jgIrU siBafcfr dI jkV mjLbUq hY, AuQy spwsLt qOr `qy dyiKaf jf skdf hY. rfjnIqk swqf aOrqF dy hwQ ivc AudoN hI geI hY jdoN aijhy KfndfnI rfjsI pirvfrF ivc koeI mrd vfirs nhIN sI jF AuWkf hI nfkfbl sI. Bfrq ivc ieMdrf gFDI, sRIlMkf ivcoN sRImfvo BMzfrnfieky, Pyr Aus dI DI cMdirkf kumfrquMgf, pfiksqfn ivc bynjLIr Buwto, bMglfdysL ivc Kfildf ijLaf jF husInf vfijd, brmf ivc aFg sFg sU kI afid ies vrqfry dIaF ikMnIaF hI imsflF hn. KfndfnI pirvfrF qoN ielfvf Bfrq ivc jykr koeI aOrq Auprly zMizaF `qy phuMcI hY qF Aus nUM iksy nf iksy sQfpq nyqf df shfrf lYxf ipaf hY. bhuqIaF aOrqF ies krky swqfDfrI nhIN bxIaF ik Auh bhuqIaF hI kfbl sn, blik ies krky awgy afeIaF ik AunHF nUM ivrfsq df boJ Zoxf ipaf.

          rfjnIqI aMdr aOrqF dI ivafpk BfgIdfrI df qIjf rfh ajy KuwlHxf bfkI hY. ijvyN-ijvyN mwDvrgI aOrqF aMdr afpxy hwkF bfry cyqnf pYdf ho rhI hY, AuvyN AuvyN hI hfkm jmfqF AunHF nUM vrcfAux leI kdm cuwk rhIaF sn. asl ivc rfjnIqI ivwcoN bhuq sfry asPl ho cuwky nyqfvF leI afpxIaF pqnIaF, bytIaF aqy nUMhF rfhIN rfjnIqI krn df iek nvF rfh KuwlHxf hY. pMcfieqI rfj sMsQfvF ivwcoN sfbq ho cuwikaf hY ik srpMc, ijLlHf pRIsLdF aqy ngrpfilkfvF ivc mYNbr/cyarmYn bxIaF aOrqF dI qrPoN kfrvfeI AunHF dy pqI, shury, piqAury jF puwq-BfeI clfAuNdy hn. irjLrvysLn dyx nfl nf qF aOrqF dI jUn suDrI hY aqy nf hI smfj ivc buinafdI qbdIlI afeI hY. hkIkq ivc ieh Xqn pyNzU smfj dy AunHF GVMm cODrIaF nUM hor vwD mOky dy ky swqf dy GyiraF ivc ilafAuxf hY, jo sQfnk pwDr `qy hfkm jmfqI isafsq df Durf bxdy hn. ieh aOrqF dI BlfeI df puMn Kwtx dy nfl nfl PlIaF cUMzx df hI iek vDIaf Auprflf ho inbVdf hY.

          qd vI, ienHF qmfm GftF dy bfvjUd isafsq ivc aOrqF dy rfKvyNkrn nfl aOrqF dy jIvn ivc, iek isPqI moV afAuNdf hYy. BfvyN QoVHI igxqI ivc hI shI, kuJ aOrqF lfjLmI hI afjLfd inrxy lYx leI AuqsLfihq huMdIaF hn. AunHF aMdr svYivsLvfs Aupjdf hY aqy rvfieqI GurinaF ivcoN bfhr inklx dI rIJ pYdf huMdI hY. ies leI pMcfieqI rfj sMsQfvF qoN bfad sMsd aqy asYNblIaF ivc aOrqF dI BfgIdfrI XkInI bxfAux leI mihlf rfKvyNkrn df kfnUMn bxnf hI cfhIdf. BfvyN ieh swc hY ik ies kfnUMn df vwzf Pfiedf amIr aqy Auprly mwDvrg qk sImq hox leI boiJaf hoieaf hY, Pyr vI aOrq nUM iek vwKry qbky vjoN vwDvIN numfieMdgI imlx nfl smfijk sMskfrF aqy siBafcfr ivc kuJ nf kuJ qbdIlI qF afvygI hI.

          sdIaF qoN mrd dy dfby df isLkfr rhI aOrq dI mfnisk hIxqf tuwtxI cfhIdI hY. ies qoN ibnF Aus dI sLKsIaq df sMqulq ivkfs nhIN ho skdf. ieh krqv smfj dy cyqMn ihwsy df hY ik Auh aOrq dy sMqulq mfnisk ivkfs leI mOky aqy ivigafnk soc muhweIaf krfvy, ies leI pdfrQk hflqF pYdf kry. aijhf hox nfl nf isrP aOrqF leI pihlkdmI krn dy mOky imlxgy, blik Aus dI BUimkf vI AusfrU hovygI. ieh gwl iekwlI aOrq jfq leI hI nhIN sgoN mrdF leI aqy pUry smfj leI vI lfBdfiek hovygI. sQfpqI dI rfjnIqI krn vflIaF aOrqF dy nfl-nfl hI lok pwKI rfjnIqI krn vflIaF aOrqF df Jfkf vI dUr hovygf. koeI gwl nhIN, puwTy pfisEN hI shI, aOrqF nUM mrd dy brfbr afAux dy ingUxy mOky imlxf vI sLuB sLgn bx skdf hY.

bfdl dy ivroDIaF kol inwgr bdl dI Gft

-krm brst

          pMjfb dIaF asYNblI coxF hux isrPL kuJ mhIinaF dI gwl hI rih geI hY. swqfDfrI kFgrs pfrtI vwloN qF aglIaF coxF ijwqx leI, iksfnF, mulfjLmF, dilqF aqy nOjvfn byrujLgfrF nUM lfiraF dy CuxCuxy vMzxy sLurU ho vI cuwky hn. sLoRmxI akflI dl (bfdl) vI, BfvyN pCV ky hI shI, hux coxF dy rMg ivc rMgxf sLurU ho cuwikaf hY. pRkfsL-suKbIr (ipE-puwqr dI joVI) KuwlH ky mYdfn ivc af geI hY. vwzy bfdl dy buZypy kfrn, pYdf ho rhI gLYr-srgrmI nUM, Cotf bfdl pUrn df isrqoV Xqn kr irhf hY.

          bfdl DVy dy ivroD ivc rvfieqI aqy gLYr-rvfieqI qoN rvfieqI bx cuwky (mfn-ibwtU) DVy qoN ielfvf, keI kfgLjLI Blvfn vI qIjy-cOQy morcy dy hokry mfr rhy hn. huxy ijhy sMq lONgovfl dI iewkIvIN brsI `qy bfdl nfloN tuwty keI kfgLjLI sLyrF qoN ielfvf, lok BlfeI pfrtI, jn morcf afid vI qIjy morcy dy gTn df aYlfn kr cuwky hn. sI[ pI[ afeI[ aqy sI[ pI[ aYm[ dy keI Coty nyqfvF ny vI ies kfnPrMs ivc sLmUlIaq kIqI dwsI geI hY, lyikn ies gwl dI sMBfvnf kfPI mwDm hY, ik KwbIaF pfrtIaF pRym isMG cMdUmfjry aqy blvMq isMG rfmUvflIaf vwloN iqafr kIqy jf rhy gwzy ivc bYTx leI iqafr ho jfxgIaF. KwbIaF pfrtIaF dI pihlI pihl kFgrs pfrtI nfl gwTjoV krn dI hI rhygI, BfvyN ik ‘sLfhI srkfr’ ny afpxf ipClf vfadf vPLf nhIN kIqf. ies ny sI[ pI[ afeI[ dy do ivDfiekF nUM afpxy ivc sLfiml krky ‘kolIsLn Drm’ dI pflxf nhIN kIqI sI.

          pMjfb ivc morcy BfvyN ikMny vI bxn, lyikn ieh insLicq hY ik ienHF dI Dfr bfdl DVy ivruwD hI syDI jfvygI. ienHF sMBfvI moricaF dI agvfeI krn vfly afgU, bfdl DVy `coN inkly jF kwZy hoey hn. AunHF dy rvfieqI akflI isafsq nfl koeI vI isDFqk aqy rfjnIqk ivroD nhIN hn. AunHF nUM awj hI, sLoRmxI akflI dl ivc AuWcy ahudy dy idwqy jfx aqy afgfmI coxF ivc kuJ sItF iml jfx dI gfrMtI iml jfvy, qF Auh bfdl DVy ivc sLfml hox leI imMt vI nhIN lfAuxgy.

          asl ivc bfdl DVy dy ivroDIaF df duKFq vI iewQy hI ipaf hY. AunHF dy pMjfb, KLfs krky iswK isafsq ivc, afpxy ‘pYr’ dI hI nhIN hn. Auh jQydfr gurcrn isMG tOhVf dy moiZaF `qy cVH ky awgy afey sn. jQydfr tOhVf dy pRlok isDfr jfx nfl hux ienHF df koeI vflI-vfrs nhIN irhf. vYsy vI, jykr jQydfr tOhVf ijAUNdy vI huMdy, qd vI ienHF dIaF gLYr-anupfqk iewCfvF dI pUrqI krnI iksy dy vws dI gwl nhIN sI hoxI. KLud svrgI tOhVf jI ny, dsMbr 1998 ivc, bfdl nfloN vwKry ho ky ‘srb ihMd sLoRmxI akflI dl’ bxf ky dyK ilaf sI. Aus df kI hsLr hoieaf sI, sB dyK cuwky hn. tOhVf df isafsI DVf qF ruilaf hI, sgoN sLoRmxI kmytI AuproN Aus dI pwcI sflF dI cODr vI Kuws geI sI. ieh cODr hfsl krn leI, tOhVf gruwp ny ikvyN iswDy aqy aiswDy qOr `qy kFgrs srkfr dI mdd leI, ies df ijLkr krnf kuQfvF hovygf.

          iewQy svfl ieh nhIN hY ik bfdl DVf koeI bhuqf hI lok-pwKI aqy pMQ-drdI hY, jF Aus dy ivroDI asloN hI gey-gujLry hn. ieh sfry hI ieko QYlI dy cwty-vwty hn. bfdl DVy dI qfkq ies gwl ivc vI nhIN ik Auh inwjI qOr `qy ikMnf ku Dnvfn hY jF kurbfnIaF df puqlf hY. eImfndfrI aqy kurbfnI dy pwK qoN Auh jQydfr tOhVf nfloN ikqy AuUxf irhf hY. suKbIr isMG bfdl qF ies pwKoN, pRym isMG cMdUmfjry dy sLfied goizaF qwk vI nf afAuNdf hovy. iksy ivakqI dy inwjI gux-aOgux, AunHF dIaF sMbMDq pfrtIaF nUM sImq hwd qwk hI pRBfivq krdy huMdy hn. iksy isafsI pfrtI dI asl qfkq, AunHF afriQk-smfjI sLRyRxIaF ivc peI huMdI hY, ijnHF dI Auh pRqIinDqf krdIaF huMdIaF hn.

          sLoRmxI akflI dl (bfdl) ny pMjfb jgIrU rihMd-KUMhd qoN sLurU krky, hry ienklfb dI bdOlq nvIN AuWBrI pMUjIpqI PfrmrF dI jmfq, snaqI srmfeydfrI aqy KyqrI hfkm jmfqF qoN lY ky, hux dlfl, BfrqI srmfeydfrI dI pRqIinDqf krn df sPLr pUrf kr ilaf hY. kOmFqrI ivwqI sMsQfvF, vwzIaF bhukOmI kMpnIaF aqy KLud dlfl BfrqI styt, ies DVy koloN syvf dI afs hI nhIN rwKdy, sgoN ies dy ipCly pMj sflF dy rfj dOrfn, sfhmxy afeIaF nIqIaF sdkf, ies DVy Aupr BrosF vI pRgt krdy hn. BfrqI jnqf pfrtI nfl ies dI lMby smyN dI sFJ ny vI ies nUM hfkm jmfqI pfrtIaF dy KLymy ivc bxdI mhwqqf hfsl krvf idwqI hY. pMjfb ivc ies dI twkr kyvl qy kyvl kFgrs pfrtI nfl hI rih geI hY aqy lMbf smF rhygI. pRkfsL isMG bfdl qF iek ivakqI hY, Auh srIrk qOr `qy rhy jF nf rhy, sLoRmxI akflI dl (bfdl) nUM koeI PLrk nhIN pvygf. ijhVf ivakqI ies buinafdI qwQ nUM svIkfr nhIN krdf, Auh jF qF smJdfr nhIN jF isrPL vwKrf DVf KVHf krky, afpxI mfVI-motI qfkq df ivKfvf krky, isrPL bfdl DVy nfl sItF aqy ahuidaF leI sOdybfjLI kr irhf hY.

          ivakqI aqy isafsI DVy ies injLfm ivc mohiraF dI inafeIN hn aqy Bfrq dIaF hfkm jmfqF ieMnIaF qyjL-qrfr aqy sLfqr bx cuwkIaF hn, ik Auh kdy vI iksy iekwlI tokrI ivc aFzy nhIN rwKdIaF. sfl 1989 dIaF lok sBf coxF ivc qF AunHF ny KLfilsqfnI lihr dy kwtV hmfieqIaF nUM vI apxfAux dI koisLsL kIqI sI, lyikn AudoN ismrnjIq isMG mfn ikrpfn df JwjU pf ky, mOkf KuMJf bYiTaf sI. bfad ivc Aus ny afpxy-afp nUM suDfrn dI koisLs kIqI aqy 1999 ivc lok sBf dI iek sIt ijwqx ivc sPLl vI ho igaf. pRMqU Auh pMjfbI lokF kol vI koeI bdl nf rwK sikaf aqy kyNdrI qy sUbfeI hfkm jmfqF nUM vI sMqusLt nf kr sikaf. ‘iswK rfj’ hfsl krn leI Aus vwloN vrqy hiQafrbMd sMGrsL qoN lY ky sLFqmeI sMsdI jwdo jihd dy sfry pYNqVy inhPLl sfbq ho cuwky hn. kdy-kdy jfrI huMdy mfn dy ibafn hux afm lokF leI sLugl dy smfn qoN vwD kuJ vI nhIN hn.

          iksy vyly sMq hrcMd isMG lONgovfl dy kfPI nyVy rhy aqy akflI rfjnIqI ivc inwgr QF bxf cuwikaf blvMq isMG rfmUvflIaf, pqf nhIN ikhVI kulwCxI GVI vyly iqlk igaf, ik bfad ivc hrikRsLn isMG surjIq ijhy Gfg isafsqdfn df QfpVf vI QoVHI ijhI dyr hI kMm afieaf. hoxI df ieh ikho ijhf duKFq hY, ik iksy vyly AuWBrdf smrwQ isafsqdfn hux idwlI dI swqf dy gilafiraF df isafsI dlfl bx ky rih igaf hY. Aus ny lok BlfeI pfrtI bxf ky pMjfb ivc pYr jmfAux dI koisLsL kIqI hY, lyikn prvfsI BfrqIaF aqy tYksI zrfeIvrF dy muwdy afpxy afp ivc kfPI nhIN hn. vYsy vI gmMqrIaF aqy trwk zrfeIvrF dy shfry isafsI pfrtIaF kdy cwldIaF nhIN huMdIaF.

          rvIieMdr isMG dy akflI dl dI hflq qF sfiraF qoN hI pqlI hY. ies svf lwK DVy kol qF afpxy qOr `qy koeI vwzI-CotI kfnPrMs krn df vI jugfV nhIN hY. bfkI rihMdI ksr, ies ivakqI dI kFgrs dy muwK mMqrI nfl inwjI dosqI pUrI kr idMdI hY. ies DVy nUM afpxf ieh aks Dox leI hI muwdqF lwg jfxIaF hn ik ieh kFgrs pfrtI dI bI-tIm nhIN hY. idwlI dI isafsq ivwcoN, bfhr inkl ky srnf Brf, pMjfb ivc, pYr jmfAux leI hwQ-pYr mfr rhy hn, lyikn ienHF df hsLr vI rvIieMdr isMG vflf hI hY. muwK mMqrI dIaF dubeI PyrIaF, srnf BrfvF df dubeI ivclf kfrobfr aqy pMjfb aMdrlI ienHF dI srgrmI df afps ivc kI irsLqf hY, ies dIaF prqF, ‘sLfhI puwqr’ dy swqf qoN lFBy huMidaF hI KuwlHxIaF sLurU hoxgIaF.

          bfdl DVy dy ivroDIaF kol afriQk-isafsI pRogrfm dI axhoNd qF hY hI, blik ieh lok bfdl dy afr[ aYs[ aYs[ nfl sMbMDF nUM vI AuCfl ky, inrol pMQk isafsq dI gwl krdy hn. lyikn ienHF ny lONgovfl ipMz ivc kIqI afpxI ‘sLhIdI’ kfnPrMs ivc awDI sdI qoN ‘KfkI inwkrDfrI’ bxy mdn lfl Kurfxf dI sLmUlIaq krvf ky afpxI isafsI nlfiekI df sbUq pysL kIqf hY. bfdl vFg pMQk isafsq, ienHF leI vI ‘koTy vflI nfcI’ bx geI hY jdoN idl kIqf isLMgfr ilaf, jdoN nf kIqf prdy ivc bYTf idwqf. dUjI gurduafrf suDfr lihr sLurU krn dI ienHF afgUaF dI muihMm nUM iksy ny huMgfrf hI nhIN idwqf, nf dyxf hY, ikAuNik ienHF nUM pqf hI nhIN ik suDfr iks cIjL df krnf hY?

          ijhVy lok ajy vI isafsq Aupr Drm df kuMzf rwKx dI gwl krdy hn, Auh jF qF JUT bol rhy hn jF iswDry hn. ieiqhfs dy iksy vI moV `qy, iksy vI smfj ivc Drm isafsq nfloN nf qF kdy Aupr irhf hY aqy nf hovygf. ies df kfrn hY ik pihlF rwb dI aqy iPr Drm dI kfZ hI isafsq aqy rfjswqf nUM TuMmxf dyx leI kwZI geI sI. hfkm, jmfqF ny Drm nUM hmysLf hI, afpxI prjf nUM gDIgyV ivc pfAux aqy Aumr lMmyrI krn leI vriqaf hY. akflI pfrtI vI ieho kuJ krdI afeI hY aqy krdI rhygI, jdoN qwk ies df vws cwlygf. gurduafiraF dI isafsq nfl bfdl DVy df mukfblf nhIN kIqf jf skdf. jQydfr tOhVf dy hsLr qoN sbk iswKx dI loV hY.

          bfdl ivroDI akflI DiVaF kol do hI rfh bcdy hn. pihlf Auh ijLMdgI dy hryk Kyqr leI hfkm jmfqF nUM sUq bYTdf bdl pysL krn aqy AunHF dI ikRpf-idRsLtI dy pfqr bxn. Auh ies kMm ivc lwgy hoey qF hn, lyikn afriQk sfDnF aqy mnuwKI vsIilaF pwKoN byhwd AUxy hn. ies mfmly ivc, Auh bfdl DVy df bdl nhIN bx skdy. dUjf, Auh rfjBfg Bogx dIaF iewCfvF Cwzdy hoey, lok msilaF `qy lokpwKI rfjnIqI krn. sLosLk aqy sLfsLk hfkm jmfqF dy ivroD ivc jnqf nUM lfmbMd krdy hoey smfj dI rYzIkl qbdIlI leI XqnsLIl hox. lyikn Auh nf qF aijhf krngy aqy nf kr skdy hn, ikAuNik afp hI Ausy Kymy dy ispfhI hn, ijs ivc pRkfsL isMG bfdl sLumfr hY. cUMik Auh kuJ vI krn jogy nhIN, ies leI bfdl dy ivroD ivc hfrI hoeI lVfeI lVn qoN AunHF nUM koeI nhIN rok skdf. lyikn afm jnqf nUM, ienHF hfkmF dy lfiraF aqy nfairaF ivc PLsx dI bjfey, lfjLmI hI afpxIaF mMgF msilaF dy hwl leI sMGrsL krdy rihxf cfhIdf hY.