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ਅਖ਼ਬਾਰ ਪੜ੍ਹਨ ਲਈ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਫਾਂਟ ਇੱਥੋਂ ਡਾਊਂਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ
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KfilsqfnI afgU zf: amrjIq isMG df aigqafq ipCokV crcf ivwc dl Kflsf alfieMs nMU 85 svflF dy juvfb dI qlfsL torFto :- dl Kflsf alfieMs nfm dI KfilsqfnI jQybMdI nMU KfilsqfnI afgU zfktr amrjIq isMG dy ipCokV bfry 85 svflF dy juvfbF dI qlfsL hY aqy AuhnF ies vfsqy 1500 zflr df ienfm vI rwiKaf hoieaf hY. ieh gwl bIqy sLnIvfr Es smyN sfhmxy afeI jd sQfnk ‘nwcdf pMjfb’ ryzIE progrfm `qy amrIkf siQq KfilsqfnI jQybMdI dl Kflsf asfieMs dy afgU s: prmjIq isMG syKoN Pon rfhIN pysL hoey aqy AuhnF host qy sroiqaF dy bhuq sfry svflF dy juvfb idwqy. pMjfb ivwc ipMz dfKf nfl sbMiDq hox kfrn Auh s: prmjIq isMG dfKf dy nfm nfl vI jfxy jFdy hn. s: prmjIq isMG dfKf ny afpxy ipCokV bfry pUrI jfxkfrI idwqI aqy ieh dfavf vI kIqf ik Auh iek pwky KfilsqfnI hn qy pMjfb dIaF keI jylF ivwc bMd rih cuwky hn. s: prmjIq isMG dfKf ny ikhf ik KfilsqfnI afgU zf: amrjIq isMG afpxy ipCokV bfry kuJ vI dwsx bfry iqafr nhIN hn aqy dl Kflsf alfieMs ny zfktr amrjIq isMG bfry 85 svflF dy jfvfb dyx vfly vfsqy 1500 zflr df ienfm vI rwiKaf hoieaf hY. zf: amrjIq isMG dy aigafq ipCokV bfry svflF ivwc AuhnF df jnm asQfn, mF-bfp df nfm, nfnikaF-dfdikaF afid df pqf-Qhu, skUlF vgYrf df nfm ijwQoN AuhnF ividaf pRfpq kIqI hovygI afid sLfml hn. sbMiDq ryzIE pRogrfm `qy jd sroiqaF dIaF Pon kflF leIaF geIaF qF zfktr amrjIq isMG dy smrQkF ny iehnF svflF nMU gYr-vfijb dwisaf. kuJ ku qF ies bfry bhuq guwsy ivwc jfpdy sn aqy iehnF svflF nMU byloVf ivvfd pYdf krn vfly smJdy sn. s: prmjIq isMG dfKf df qrk sI ik iswKF nMU afpxy iksy vI afgU dy ipCokV bfry pUrI jfxkfrI df hwk hY aqy zfktr amrjIq isMG nMU ieh jfxkfrI dyxI cfhIdI hY. ies lVI ivwc AuhnF afpxy ipCokV bfry bhuq sfry svflF dy juvfb idwqy qy afpxy ipMz aqy ipqf df nfm dwisaf. AuhnF ieh vI dwisaf ik Auh pMjfb vfly dl Kflsf qoN kuJ sfl pihlF vwK ho gey sn aqy dl Kflsf alfieMs df gTn kr ilaf sI. AuhnF keI hor sMsQfvF dy nfm igxfey ijhnF ivwc Auh kMm kr cuwky hn jF kr rhy hn. kYlyPornIaF ivwc AuhnF Kfilsqfn dy nfm `qy tYksI ibjLnYs vI Kohilaf hoieaf hY. ijLkrXog hY ik s: prmjIq isMG dfKf kONsl afPL Kfilsqfn dy afgU zfktr gurmIq isMG aOlK dy njLdIkI sihXogI hn aqy torFto dy keI KfilsqfnI afgUaF nfl vI AuhnF dy njLdIkI sbMD hn. dUjy pfsy zf: amrjIq isMG vfisLMgtn siQq Kfilsqfn aPyarjL sYNtr dy afgU hn aqy keI KfilsqfnI pricaF ivwc hPLqfvfrI kflm ilKx qoN ielfvf ryzIE `qy lwCydfr KfilsqfnI pRbcn krn vfsqy vI pRisD hn. torFto dy Kyqr ivwc zf: amrjIq isMG dy bhuq sfry KfilsqfnIaF nfl njLdIkI sbMD hn. zfktr amrjIq isMG aksr amrIkf Br dy vwK vwK sLihrF KfilsqfnI smfgmF ivwc Bfg lYx jFdy rihMdy hn aqy ies iksm dy hvfeI sPLr vfsqy AuhnF nMU coKy bjt dI loV ho skdI hY. Kfilsqfn aPyarjL sYNtr clfAux vfsqy zf: amrjIq isMG dy hor sihXogI kOx kOx hn? ies bfry vI afm jfxkfrI AuplBd nhIN hY. ijLkrXog hY ik zfktr amrjIq isMG ieh dfavf vI krdy hn ik AuhnF nMU Kfilsqfn aPyarjL sYNtr Kohlx vfsqy zfktr sohx isMG vflI pMQk kmytI df QfpVf pRfpq sI. pr zfktr sohx isMG hux pMjfb ivwc arfm Prmf rhy hn aqy AuhnF muhflI ivwc zyry lgfey hoey hn. Xfd rhy zfktr sohx isMG qoN ielfvf hor vI bhuq sfry kwtV KfilsqfnI afgU pMjfb ivwc arfm Purmf rhy hn ijhnF ivwc vwsx isMG jwPrvfl aqy vrlz isK sMsQf dy bfnI aqy sfbkf myjr jnrl jsvMq isMG Bulwr vI cMzIgVH zyry lfeI bYTy hn. Xfd rhy kuJ sfl pihlF kONsl afPL Kfilsqfn dy afgU zfktr gurmIq isMG ieh kihMidaF zf: amrjIq isMG nfl eykqf krn qoN ienkfr kr idwqf sI ik ijs df ‘aqf-pqf’ nhIN hY Aus nfl eykqf nhIN ho skdI. KLbrnfmf nMU ies bfry awDI ku drjn kflF afeIaF hn aqy iek kflr ny dfavf kIqf hY ik zf: amrjIq isMG ihmfcl pRdysL qoN hn aqy ieh AuhnF df aslI nfm nhI hY. KLbrnfmf df zf: amrjIq isMG jF prmjIq isMG dfKf nfl sMprk nhIN ho sikaf.
iswDI vot pRnflI `c bhumwq srkfr keI vfr Clfvf hI huMdI hY Gwt-igxqI srkfrF asiQr jLrUr pr burIaF nhIN huMdIaF! -pRsLFq lfielpurI
iswDI vot pRnflI ijs nMU iewk sLihrI iewk vot vI afK ilaf jFdf hY, duafrf cuxI geI bhumwq srkfr vI drasl keI vfr Gwt igxqI srkfr hI huMdI hY. dunIaF dy bhuq sMsdI lokqMqrF ivwc ieh iswDI vot pRnflI hI apxfeI geI hY aqy kYnyzf qy Bfrq dovyN ies vot pRnflI dy DfrnI hn. ies vot pRnflI ivwc bhu-kony mukfbly ivwc swB qoN vwD votF lY jfx vflf jyqU mMinaF jFdf hY, BfvyN Es nMU hlky dIaF mjfrtI votF nf vI peIaF hox. eys qrF dysL Br ivwc peIaF kul votF df 50% qoN Gwt hfsl krn vflIaF pfrtIaF vI keI vfr BfrI bhumwq (awD qoN vwD sItF) lY jFdIaF hn. ajyhI srkfr Clfvf BfvyN mjfrtI srkfr df pfAuNdI hY aqy sMsdI sItF vI mjfrtI lY jFdI hY pr bxI ieh mnfirtI (Gwt igxqI) votF nfl huMdI hY. ilbrl afgU aqy sfbkf pRDfn mMqrI ikRqIaF dIaF iqMny srkfr sMsd ivwc BfvyN bhumwq sItF kfrn bhuwmwq srkfrF igxIaF jFdIaF hn pr pfpUlr vot dy ilhfjL nfl ikRqIaF dIaF iqMny srkfrF mnfrtI votF nfl srkfrF sn. iqMnF hI coxf ivwc ikRqIaF dI kmFz hyT ilbrl pfrtI kdy vI 41% qoN vwD votF nhIN sI hfsl kr skI pr sMsdI sItF 51 qoN 60% ijwqdI rhI sI. bIqy `qy srsrI inghf mfrIey qF dunIaF dI pihlI jMg dy Kfqmy qoN bfad kYnyzf ivwc awj qwk aslI mjfirtI srkfrF isrPL iqMn hI bxIaF hn. pihlI srkfr 1940 ivwc jnfb mkYNjLI ikMg dI sI, dUjI 1958 ivwc zIPLnbykr dI aqy qIjI 1984 ivwc coxF ijwqI brfien mlrUnI dI, ijhnF nMU 50% qoN vwD votF peIaF sn. iehnF iqMnF nMU Cwz ky ies smyN dOrfn bxIaF bfkI 23 srkfrF ivcoN 12 “JUTIaF mjfrtI” (bhumwq) srkfrF sn aqy 11 mnfrtI (Gwt igxqI) srkfrF sn. ajyhy iksy vI dysL ivwc do qoN vwD rfjsI pfrtIaF dy mYdfn ivwc af jfx nfl huMdf hY aqy kYnyzf ivwc huxy hoeIaF coxF ivwc qF pMj rfjsI pfrtIaF mYdfn ivwc sn jd ik keI ajLfd jF Putkl pfrtIaF dy AumIdvfr vI keI hlikaF ivwc KVy sn. kMnPzrysLn qoN bafd kYnyzf ivwc bxIaF pihlIaF 12 srkfrF swcmuwc mjfrtI srkfrF sn ijhnF ny pfpUlr vot df vI bhumwq ijwiqaf sI qy sMsdI sItF df vI. iehnF 12 srkfrF ivcoN 6 ilbrl pfrtI dIaF aqy 6 kMsrvtv pfrtI dIaF srkfrF sn. nfm dI mjfrtI dI jgfH aslI mjfrtI dI Bfl ivwc dunIaF dy vwK vwK dysLF ivwc iswDI vot pRnflI dy keI iksm dy bdl apxfey gey hn ajy qwk iksy vI pRbMD nMU 100% TIk afKxf sMBv nhIN hY. amrIkf ivwc 6 ku sfl pihlF hoeIaF pRDfngI coxF ivwc jfrj buwsL Gwt pfpUlr votF hfsl kr ky vI pRDfngI coxF ijwq gey sn. ieh amrIkf dI arD-iswDI cox pRnflI kfrn hoieaf sI ijs ivwc votr afpxI vot qF BfvyN pRDfngI AumIdvfr nMU muwK rwK ky pfAuNdy hn pr asl ivwc cox eIlYktorl kflj dI krdy hn aqy Auh vI subfeI pwDr `qy. kuJ dysLF ivwc pRoporsLnl vot pRnflI ijs nMU pMjfbI ivwc anupqfk cox pRnflI vI afiKaf jf skdf hY, lfgU hY. ies ivdI ivwc iksy vI pfrtI nMU hfsl kIqIaF votF dy anupfq muqfibk hI sMsdI sItF imldIaF hn. kuJ dysL rlI-imlI vox pRnflI vI vrq rhy hn. bdlvIN vot pRnflI vI vrqI geI hY ijs ivwc votr afpxI vot df pRXog pihlI, dUjI jF qIjI pihl dy aDfr `qy krdf hY. ijs nMU pihlI, dUjI, qIjI, cOQI pRYPrYNs (qrjIh) vI afiKaf jFdf hY. kYnyzf dI ilbrl pfrtI ies ivDI nMU afpxy AumIdvfrF dI nfmInysLn vfsqy vrqdI hY. ies ivDI nfl keI vfr qIjI qrjIhI vot vfly AumIdvfr vI ijwq jFdy hn. ikAuNik awj qwk koeI vI vot pRnflI dosL mukq sfbq nhIN ho skI ies kfrn ajy qwk iswDI vot pRnflI ies dy keI dosLF dy bfvjUd bhuqI pRcwlq hY. BfvyN ies ivDI nfl 16 ku sfl rfj krn vflf trUzo vrgf msLhUr afgU iewk vfr vI 50% qoN vwD votF hfsl nhIN sI kr sikaf.
Gwt igxqI srkfrF dI aOsqn Aumr 18 ku mhIny hI hY kYnzf ivwc Gwt igxqI srkfrF dI aOsqn Aumr isrP 18 ku mhIny hI hY ijs kfrn bIqy 25 sflF bfad bxI dUjI Gwt igxqI srkfr iksy aihm muwdy `qy iksy smyN vI izwg skdI aqy dubfrf coxF df ibgul vwj skdf hY. dysL dI kMnPzrysLn qoN bfad pihlI Gwt igxqI srkfr 1921 ivwc pRDfn mMqrI mkYNjLI ikMg ny bxfeI sI jo ik rIkfrz 3 sfl 7 mhIny aqy 21 idn cwlI sI. ieh awj qwk dI swB qoN vwD smF cwlx vflI Gwt igxqI srkfr sI. sMn 1925 ivwc sRI ikMg ny dUjI Gwt igxqI srkfr bxfeI sI jo ik isrPL 6 mhIny `qy 25 idn cwlI sI. sMn 1926 ivwc sr arQr mIgHn ny qIjI Gwt igxqI srkfr bxfeI sI jo isrPL 2 mhIny qy 26 idn hI cwlI sI aqy ieh swB qoN Gwt smF cwlx vflI Gwt-igxqI srkfr sI. sMn 1957 ivwc kMsrvtv afgU sRI jfHn zIPnbykr ny dysL dI cOQI Gwt igxqI srkfr bxfeI sI jo 5 mhIny qy 24 idn cwlI sI. sRI zIPLnbykr kol hfAUs ivwc isrPL 112 sItF sn jd ky sfrIaF ivroDI pfrtIaF dI kuwl igxqI 153 sI. dysL dI CyvIN Gwt igxqI srkfr 1963 ivwc ilbrl afgU sRI lystr pIarsn ny bxfeI sI jo 17 aYn zI pI aYm pIaF dI mdd nfl 2 sfl qy 4 mhIny cwlI sI. sRI pIarsn ny ieh srkfr BMg krky nvIaF coxF krvfeIaF sn pr iPr vI bhumwq hfsl nhIN sn kr sky. sMn 1965 ivwc sRI pIarsn ny dysL dI swqvIN Gwt igxqI srkfr aYn zI pI dI mdd nfl bxfeI sI jo ik 2 sfl 4 mhIny qy 14 idn cwlI sI. ies srkfr dy awD ivcfly hI sRI trUzo ny ilbrl pfrtI dI vfgzor sMBfl leI sI. aYn zI pI dI mdd nfl 1962 aqy 1965 ivwc bxIaF ieh dovyN Gwt igxqI ilbrl srkfrF dysL dy lok BlfeI pRogrfmF dI sLurUafq df kfrn bxIaF sn. ilbrl pfrtI ny aYn zI pI afgU sRI tOmI zgls dy BfrI dbfE hyT kYnyzf pYnsLn plfn, Elz eyjL sikAurtI, grMtIz splImYNt vrgIaF skImF clfeIaF sn. sMn 1972 ivwc sRI trUzo ny dysL dI awTvIN Gwt igxqI srkfr df gTn kIqf sI jo ik 1 sfl 5 mhIny qy 19 idn aYn zI pI dy 31 mYNbrF dI mdd nfl cwlI sI. ies mOky sRI trUzo dI pfrtI kol isrPL 109 sItF sn jd ik kMsrvtv pfrtI kol 107 sItF sn. ies qrF swqfDfrI ilbrl pfrtI qy ivroDI iDr kMsrvtv pfrtI qoN isrPL 2 vwD aYm pI sn. dysL dI nOvIN Gwt igxqI srkfr kMsrvtv afgU sRI joa klfrk ny sMn 1979 ivwc bxfeI sI jo ik isrPL 6 mhIny qy 3 idn hI cwl skI sI. sRI klfrk kol Aus smyN 301 dy hfAUs ivwc 136 sItF sn jd ik ilbrl pfrtI kol 114 sItF sn. sRI klfrk dI ieh srkfr bjwt `qy voitMg smyN aYn zI pI afgU sRI bfbf rya dy nfn-kMPIzYNs mosLn kfrn izwg peI sI. ies mOky ilbrl pfrtI afpxy asqIPLf dy cwuky afgU sRI trUzo nMU vfps lY afeI sI aqy coxF ivwc bhumwq ijwq geI sI. sRI mfritn dI 2004 ivwc bxI GwtigxqI srkfr dysL dI 10 vIN Gwt igxqI srkfr sI aqy ieh qkrIbn 18 ku mhIny hI cwl skI sI. sRI mfrtn kol 308 dy hfAUs ivwc isrPL 135 sItF sn qy kMsrvtv pfrtI kol 99 jo ik biulMzf dy Bwj jfx qoN bfad 98 rih geIaF sn. awj sRI hfrpr dI Gwt igxqI srkfr 1979 dI sRI klfrk dI Gwt igxqI srkfr vrgI jfpdI hY ikAuNik sRI hfrpr kol awj 308 dy hfAUs ivwc isrPL 125 sItF hn aqy Auh vI ilbrl pfrtI Cwz ky Bwjy aYmrsn sxy. ilbrl pfrtI kol 103 qy aYn zI pI kol 29 aqy iewk ajLfd hY. mfhrF muqfibk Gwt igxqI srkfrF asiQr jLrUr huMdIaF hn pr burIaF nhIN huMdIaF. Gwt igxqI srkfrF ivwc swqfDFrI pfrtI dy ipCly bYNcF `qy bYTy sMsd mYNbrF dI pwuC-pRqIq vI vwD jFdI hY aqy ivroDI iDr dI vI. qfkq ivwc rihx dI cfhvfn Gwt igxqI srkfr aksr hr mfmly `qy ivroDI iDr nMU ivsLvfs ivwc lY ky cwlx dI koisLsL krdI hY. ajyhf krdy smyN koeI vI Gwt igxqI srkfr asl ivwc “bhu-igxqI” votrF dy pRqIinDF dy shfry PYsly krn lwg pYNdI hY jd ik mukblqn 40% votF nfl sMsdI bhu-igxqI lY jfx vflf afgU keI vfr mnmrjLI nfl rfj krdf hY. hfrpr dI Gwt igxqI srkfr leI afAuNdf smF cxOqIaF BrpUr hovygf ijs dI sLurUafq sMsd dy agly smfgm qoN ho jfvygI. qfkq ivwc rihx leI hfrpr ivroDIaF dI sunx leI mjLbUr hovygf. |
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